scholarly journals In vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Quinoa Flavonoids Extracted by Ethanol-Ammonium Sulfate Aqueous Two-Phase System

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 1187-1196
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Scavenging Effect

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a functional and ideal food for human nutrition and an Andean seed-producing crop. In this study, ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total flavonoids in Quinoa with ethanol (C2H5OH)-ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) aqueous two-phase system was performed based on the Box-Behnken experimental design principle. The highest extraction rate of TFQ under the condition of 28% C2H5OH -14% (NH4)2SO4 aqueous two-phase extraction system was used to analyze the variance of TFQ extraction rate as the response value. The multiple quadratic linear regression equation was obtained by a three-factor three-level response surface method. The extraction rate= 74.28+1.78 A+0.10 B+0.38 C+0.20 AB+0.05 AC+0.05 BC+1.000E-002 A2-0.94 B2-0.69 C2. The response surface analysis showed that the best extraction conditions of aqueous two-phase were the crude TFQ mass fraction 20.6%, pH 7.18, NaCl mass fraction 2.23% and the maximum value predicted by the extraction rate model was 75.929 3% (P=0.994). The average extraction rate of TFQ was 75.3%, according to the optimal two-aqueous phase extraction conditions. The ETFQ has varying degree of scavenging effect on hydroxyl radical, oxygen free radicals, nitrite and ·ABTS+ compared with vitamin C. Among them, the scavenging effect of the ETFQ on hydroxyl radical, oxygen free radicals and ·ABTS+ was greater than vitamin C, except nitrite. Also, the ETFQ has the strongest inhibitory effect on E. coli and Bacillus subtilis, and the inhibitory rate can reach up to high dose 97.59 and 98.44%, MIC is 1.56 mg/mL; the second is the inhibition of S. aureus, MIC is 6.25 mg/mL. It has the weakest inhibitory effect on Salmonella. The antibacterial rate was positively correlated with the ETFQ mass concentration. The results help to discover the medicinal effects of quinoa in addition to nutrition to carry out more in-depth research and increase economic value. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction of Potassium Glycyrrhizinate with Polyethylene Glycol/(NH4)2SO4

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1687-1690
Author(s):  
Chen Sun ◽  
Wen Ju Liu ◽  
Hai Ming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase System ◽  
Result Show ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase Extraction

An aqueous two-phase system of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/(NH4)2SO4 with the behavior of forming aqueous two-phase and the distribution rules of potassium glycyrrhizinate in the aqueous two-phase system were studied. Effects of the molecular weight of PEG, the mass fraction of PEG and (NH4)2SO4, and pH value were investigated. The result show that when the mass fraction of PEG1000 was 50%, the mass fraction of (NH4)2SO4 was 5.7%, and pH value was 6.5, the highest extraction recovery of potassium glycyrrhizinate could reach 99.7%. This aqueous two-phase extraction may provide a new technique for separation of potassium glycyrrhizinate.

scholarly journals Partition Behavior in Aqueous Two-Phase System and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Liu ◽  
Shuochen Liu ◽  
Lingli Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxue Wang ◽  
Lanqing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
Partition Behavior

In this work, the aqueous two-phase extraction parameters and in vitro antioxidant activity of total flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba were investigated. The partition behavior of the flavonoids in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was analyzed, the extraction parameters were optimized using response surface methodology, and the antioxidant activity of the flavonoids was determined by free-radical scavenging tests (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay) and the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results showed that the concentration of ammonium sulfate was negatively correlated with the phase-volume ratio, whereas the concentration of polyethylene glycol was positively correlated. The maximum yield of flavonoids (4.11 mg g−1) was obtained under the following optimal extraction conditions: Concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG)1500 30% and (NH4)2SO4 22% (mass fraction), and liquid/solid ratio 40:1 (mL g−1). The antioxidant activity tests showed that the flavonoids from the G. biloba leaf exhibited free-radical scavenging activity, with an IC50 of 2.66 mg L−1, which was superior to that of vitamin C. The free-radical scavenging ability of the flavonoids was proportional to the flavonoid concentration. The total reducing power of the Ginkgo flavonoids was slightly lower than that of vitamin C. In this study, the distribution of flavonoids in an ATPS was analyzed and a mathematical model for the ATPS extraction of Ginkgo flavonoids was established, which provides a reference for further development and utilization of G. biloba.

scholarly journals Stability and Efficacy Enhancement of Vitamin C Powder via Developing a Serum – Two Phase System, A New Inception in Vitamin C Delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-110
Author(s):  
Vishal Saxena ◽  
Krishana Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
System A ◽  
Ph Reduction ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Vit C

Vitamin C (Vit C) is a potent antioxidant with several applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields. However, the biggest challenge in the utilization of Vit C is to maintain its stability and improve its delivery to the active site. Several strategies have been developed such as: controlling the oxygen levels during formulation and storage, low pH, reduction of water content in the formulation and the addition of preservative agents. In this article, we highlighted the multiple applications of Vit C and the development of novel serum formulation to enhance its delivery and stability during the application.

Study of Aqueous Two Phase System on Water Soluble Bio Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Shao Peng Liu ◽  
Zhi Min Zong ◽  
Shan Shan Zhang ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
Gui Zhen Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase System ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase Extraction

This paper was aimed to study the aqueous two phase extraction (ATPE) on water soluble bio oil(SBO), in which ethanol, K2HPO4, NaH2PO4and (NH4)2SO4were selected to form the water soluble bio oil(SBO) aqueous two phase system (ATPS). After phase separation, the extraction rates and the volume ratios of the upper to lower layer of the ATPSs were investigeted. Both the upper and lower layers of these SBO ATPSs were analyzed by elemental analyzer and Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The different extraction rates indicates the influnces of different salt during the phase saperation, of which NaH2PO4has less effect to SBO than the other two; K2HPO4may neutralize some organic acid; the lowest extraction rate of ethanol/(NH4)2SO4system indicates the effects of (NH4)2SO4to SBO. Too much ethanol will fech in more water, hence the optimizational ratio of the SBO ATPS should be SBO:salt:ethanol=10:10:5. In element analysis, the diclining of oxygen in all the upper layers and the increasing of nitrogion in both layers of (NH4)2SO4system indicates the abbility of the less oxygen components concentration of the ATPS and the reaction between (NH4)2SO4and SBO. According to FTIR test, the lack of absorption at 1515cm-1of all the lower layers indicates the completely transforming of phenols into the upper layers. Because of the high extraction rate and less influence to SBO, ethanol/NaH2PO4system may be the most suitable ATPS for SBO extraction.

Determination of steroid hormones in milk using aqueous two-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2514-2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Li Nian ◽  
Zhibing Wang ◽  
Lei Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase System ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase Extraction

An acetonitrile (ACN)-salt based aqueous two-phase system was developed and applied to the extraction of steroid hormones in milk.

Doxorubicin and epirubicin iron-induced generation of free radicals In vitro. A comparative study

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Grankvist ◽  
Roger Henriksson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Free System ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect

To ascertain any differences in myocardial injury exerted by the anthracyclines doxorubicin and epirubicin, their ability to generate oxygen free radicals when mixed with Fe(II) was examined in vitro using an oxygen electrode. 5–250 μg/ml doxorubicin or epirubicin consumed oxygen when mixed with 50 or 100 μmol/1 Fe(II). Addition of 75 μmol/1 cytochrome C showed that of the consumed oxygen, approximately 80% entered the monovalent pathway of oxygen reduction. The strong inhibitory effect of 250 mg/1 catalase indicates that most of the superoxide radicals generated are further reduced to hydrogen peroxide by both anthracyclines. Addition of metal chelators DTPA (100/μmol/1), or DDTC (50 μmol/1) did not affect oxygen consumption, whereas EDTA (100/μmol/1) or desferrioxamine (100 μmol/1) with anthracyclines and Fe(II) rather stimulated oxygen consumption. It is concluded that there are no significant differences in the amount or proportion of generated oxygen free radicals between doxorubicin and epirubicin when mixed with Fe(II) in a cell-free system in vitro. Thus, the ability of the anthracyclines, in conjunction with iron alone, to generate radicals does not explain the differences of the drugs in causing myocardial injury.

Study on Separation and Purification of Resveratrol in Wine Grape Residue with Aqueous Two Phase Extraction Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1743-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zi He ◽  
Biao Wang ◽  
Yan Zhuang ◽  
Yu Ping Lu
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Organic Solvent Extraction ◽  
Primary Separation ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase Extraction

The separation and purification of resveratrol in wine grape residue with aqueous two phase extraction method were studied in this paper. Used identified ethanol - ammonium sulfate - water as the aqueous two-phase system, the wine grape residue extract substances separated well. By TLC and HPLC analysis, resveratrol content (13.3μg/ml) in aqueous two-phase extraction was higher than the results (2.342μg/ml) in organic solvent extraction. The results showed that the aqueous two phase extraction method could be used in primary separation and purification of resveratrol in wine grape residue.

Prevention of Lipid Inhibition in Anaerobic Processes by Introducing a Two-Phase System

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1189-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Komatsu ◽  
Keisuke Hanaki ◽  
Tomonori Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Anaerobic Processes ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Acidogenic Reactor ◽  
Oxidation Degradation

The inhibitory effect of lipids and prevention of this inhibition in a two-phase anaerobic process were examined using laboratory-scale reactors and batch experiments. Lipids were satisfactorily degraded in a two-phase anaerobic filter while in a single-phase system, inhibition resulted in poor lipid degradation. Unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (LFAs) had a greater inhibitory effect than saturated LFAs. Methane production as well as beta-oxidation (degradation of saturated LFAs) were inhibited by unsaturated LFAs. The saturation of unsaturated LFAs was not inhibited, and palmitate (C16:0) was accumulated in the degradation of oleate (C18:l) or linoleate (C18:2). Greater inhibition was observed at low pH values. Continuous operation of a suspended-growth acidogenic reactor showed that hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of no less than 8 hours were necessary to mitigate the inhibition in a two-phase process. The fact that saturation of oleate occurred at HRTs no less than 8 hours suggests that the saturation of unsaturated LFAs in an acidogenic reactor is essential in the prevention of lipid inhibition in two-phase anaerobic processes.

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