Antibacterial Effects of Ocimum Sanctum L Leaves, Flowers and Shoots against Bacillus spp from Soil

In this study, the antibacterial activity of various organic solvent extracts of Ocimum sanctum L leaves, flowers and shoots was determined in vitro using agar diffusion method and MIC tested against the isolated soil bacteria. The identified bacteria were Paenibacillussp. L32, Paenibacillussp. BF38, Bacillus megaterium, Terribacillussp. 3LF, Bacillus simplex and Bacillus cereus. Various organic extracts of Ocimum sanctum L revealed a good antibacterial activity against about all bacteria. Results showed that the best extract was methanol because highest inhibition zone were obtained by this extract and all studied bacteria were inhibited. At a concentration of 500 µg/disc, the highest microbial inhibition was found 19.2±.76 mm against Bacillus simplex for methanol extract, 15.7±0.58 mm on Terribacillus sp. 3LF for ethanol extract of flower, 14.0±2.0 mm on Terribacillus sp. 3LF for ethanol extract of leaves, 13.34±0.58 mm on Bacillus megaterium for n-hexane extract and 11.7±0.6 mm on Terribacillus sp. 3LF for chloroform extract, respectively and MIC (64, 128, 256 and 512 µg/ml, respectively). Most of the cases, antibacterial activity with commercial antibiotics such as amoxicillin and erythromycin, organic extracts exhibited similar or higher antibacterial activity than standard drug. The results of this study suggest that the organic extracts of Ocimum sanctum L leaves can be a source of natural antimicrobial agents with potential applications.

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An In Vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Modified Resin Composite against Oral Pathogens

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13194383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 4383

Author(s):

Barbara Lapinska ◽

Aleksandra Szram ◽

Beata Zarzycka ◽

Janina Grzegorczyk ◽

Louis Hardan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Oral Pathogens

Modifying the composition of dental restorative materials with antimicrobial agents might induce their antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria, e.g., S.mutans and L.acidophilus, as well as antifungal effect on C.albicans that are major oral pathogens. Essential oils (EOs) are widely known for antimicrobial activity and are successfully used in dental industry. The study aimed at evaluating antibacterial and antifungal activity of EOs and composite resin material (CR) modified with EO against oral pathogens. Ten EOs (i.e., anise, cinnamon, citronella, clove, geranium, lavender, limette, mint, rosemary thyme) were tested using agar diffusion method. Cinnamon and thyme EOs showed significantly highest antibacterial activity against S.mutans and L.acidophilus among all tested EOs. Anise and limette EOs showed no antibacterial activity against S.mutans. All tested EOs exhibited antifungal activity against C.albicans, whereas cinnamon EO showed significantly highest and limette EO significantly lowest activity. Next, 1, 2 or 5 µL of cinnamon EO was introduced into 2 g of CR and microbiologically tested. The modified CR showed higher antimicrobial activity in comparison to unmodified one. CR containing 2 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against S.mutans and C.albicans, while CR modified with 1 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against L.acidophilus.

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In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Organic Extracts of Aloe barbadensis against Multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Wound Specimens

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3126/tujm.v5i0.22315 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 69-76

Author(s):

Mamata Adhikari ◽

Anil Kumar Sah ◽

Dev Raj Joshi

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Inhibitory Action ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Aloe Barbadensis ◽

Organic Extracts ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

Objectives: In order to investigate alternate therapeutic option, this study was carried out to assess the in vitro antibacterial activity of gel extract of Aloe barbadensis against multiple antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound specimens. Methods: A total of 180 different wound specimens collected in a hospital, were subjected to isolate and identify P. aeruginosa by cultural methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method to screen multidrug resistant isolates. A. barbadensis extracts were prepared using aqueous and organic solvents and their in vitro inhibitory action was evaluated by agar well diffusion methods. Results: Out of total, 38 (21.1%) of the wound specimens showed the occurrence of P. aeruginosa, among which 15 (39%) isolates were multi-drug resistant. Organic extracts of various concentrations (0.2 - 0.8 v/v %) inhibited 66.7% of MDR and all non-MDR (n = 23) P. aeruginosa with zone of inhibition ranging from 9.5 ±1.0 to 21.3 ± 2.2 mm but not by aqueous extract. A positive Pearson’s correlation (r=0.983) was found between antibacterial effect and concentrations of the extracts. The antibacterial activity of organic extracts was statistically associated with antibiotic resistance profile of the organism (p<0.05). Conclusion: Organic extracts of A. barbadensis revealed variable in vitro inhibitory action against both MDR and non-MDR P. aeruginosa isolated from wound specimens. Although further confirmation is needed, aloe gel extract may be applied as an alternate treatment option.

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IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF STEM AND ROOT OF RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA AGAINST DIFFERENT BACTERIA

International Research Journal of Pharmacy ◽

10.7897/2230-8407.1206148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 87-90

Author(s):

Virendra Vaishnav ◽

Debasish Sahoo ◽

Tanushree Chatterjee

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Development Program ◽

Positive Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Rauwolfia Serpentina

Medicinal Plants are the good source of natural antimicrobial agents. The main aim of present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of stem and root of Rauwolfia serpentina against six microorganism, Powdered stem and root of plant were extracted with acetone, chloroform and methanol and streptomycin used as positive control. The antibacterial activity of Rauwolfia serpentine was detected by using disc diffusion method and agar well diffusion method on the following bacteria- Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus fusiformis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. luminescens. The experiment reported that R. serpentina Root methanol extract shown 14.86 ± 1.11 highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa through well diffusion method. Whereas root chloroform recorded 13.46 ± 1.28 highest antibacterial activity against E. coli through disc diffusion method, maximum zone of inhibition 22.66±0.52 mm was found for the positive control, streptomycin through well diffusion method. Further studies should be undertaken to reveal the correct mechanism of action of antimicrobial effect to identify the active ingredients which can be used in drug development program.

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Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 2-(4-(3 (Substituted Phenyl) Acryloyl) Phenoxy)-N, N Diphenylacetamides

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v10i5.4326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 274-292

Author(s):

Rohit Kumar ◽

Sushil Kumar ◽

Mohammad Asif Khan

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Schiff Bases ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Standard Drug ◽

E Coli ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Pharmacological Evaluation

Recently a series of Schiff bases of diphenylamine derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial activity against pathogenic both Gram-positive bacteria B. subtitles and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli using ciprofloxacin as standard drug at conc. of 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml. Literature review revels that chalcones possesses various biological activities like antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and sedative etc. Therefore the present study was designed on synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2-(4-(3 (Substituted Phenyl) Acryloyl) Phenoxy)-N, N Diphenylacetamides. Target compound was synthesized by reaction of chloroacetylchloride with diphenylamine to afford 2-chloro-N, N-diphenylacetamide which further by reaction with substituted Chalcones and characterized following recrystallization and evaluated for anti-microbial potential through cup-diffusion method. In results, the target compounds were tested for activity against B. Subtilis, E.Coli and C. albicans. The chalcones having the lipophilic 4-chloro group (RKCT2) showed the greatest antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition 20 & 22 mm against. B. subtilis, E. Coli, C. Albicans respectively. It suggests further researchers to go through anti-microbial evaluations against a more varieties of bacteria and fungi. Keywords: Schiff bases of diphenylamine derivatives, antibacterial activity, Gram-positive bacteria, 2-(4-(3 (Substituted Phenyl) Acryloyl) Phenoxy)-N, N Diphenylacetamides

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In vitro Activity of Rambutan Binjai (Nephelium lappaceum) Peel Extract from Indonesia to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujps.v17i2.39176 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 197-203

Author(s):

Tina Rostinawati ◽

Ami Tjitraresmi ◽

Myra Vania Wisnuputri

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Nephelium Lappaceum ◽

New Compounds ◽

Peel Extract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common bacteria causing nosocomial infections with high levels of resistance to available antibiotics. So, it is necessary to search for new compounds to solve this problem. Various studies showed antibacterial activity of rambutan peel but for Rambutan Binjai peel extract that are from Indonesia has never been studied against the MRSA. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity, the value of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using agar diffusion method. The concentration of rambutan peel ethanol extract at as much as 62.5 mg/ml showed the inhibitory diameter i.e 21.3 ± 2.4 mm. MIC and MBC were in the same range, which was between 0.98 (mg/ml) to 1.95 (mg/ml). The activity strength of tetracycline against the extract was at 1:50. This revealed that Rambutan Binjai peel extract had great potency as antibacterial agent to MRSA. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 197-203, 2018 (December)

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Antibacterial Activity of Nanoparticles Produced by Ethanol Extract of Boesenbergia rotunda Rhizome Loaded with Chitosan and Alginic Acid Against Streptococcus mutans by In Vitro

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v7i03.9554 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Sri Atun ◽

Sri Handayani ◽

Melia Aliffiana ◽

Hajar Nur Afifah ◽

Anna Rakhmawati

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Agent ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Alginic Acid ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Crude Methanol Extract

The antibacterial activity of three Cupressaceae plants (Thujaoccidentalis,ThujaorientalisandChamaecyparisobtusa) was tested against three bacteria using the agar diffusion method. The ether and ethylacetate fraction of crude methanol extract from the three plants showed potent antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. The result showed that Staphylococcus aureus revealed the most sensitivity among the tested bacteria. Thujaoccidentalisether fraction and Thujaorientalis hexane fraction exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli was shown the highest MIC values compared to the other two tested bacteria, which indicates the lowest antibacterial activity against the bacterium. This study promises an interesting future for designing a potentially active antibacterial agent from the three Cupressaceae plants.

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In vitro antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula leaf gall extracts against some human pathogenic strains

International Current Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.3329/icpj.v1i8.11254 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (8) ◽

pp. 217-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

BE Ravi Shankara ◽

YL Ramachandra ◽

S Sundara Rajan ◽

J Preetham ◽

PS Sujan Ganapathy

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Terminalia Chebula ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

South Indian

The leaf galls of Terminalia chebula is used widely as Karkatasringi in south Indian markets. Karkatashringi is an important crude drug employed in various indigenous systems of medicine against several diseases and the drug has diverse medicinal properties. The present study was carried out to understand the antimicrobial activity of various extracts. The antibacterial activity of T. chebula (leaf gall) was evaluated against ten bacterial strains including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar-well diffusion method. Among the two extracts tested, the ethanol extract presented the best results against all the bacteria while aqueous extract showed moderate inhibition of the microbial growth. Each extract is unique against different microorganisms; Staphylococcus aureus was more susceptible to both extract among the tested organisms, whereas Serratia marcescens and Proteus mirabilis were less susceptible for ethanol and aqueous extract respectively. The inhibitory effect of the extracts was compared with standard antibiotic Ciprofloxacin.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i8.11254 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(8): 217-220

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In vitro Antibacterial Activity of 7-Substituted-6-Fluoroquinolone and 7-Substituted-6,8-Difluoroquinolone Derivatives

Chemotherapy ◽

10.1159/000456533 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 194-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Socorro Leyva-Ramos ◽

Denisse de Loera ◽

Jaime Cardoso-Ortiz

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

New Drugs ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Topoisomerase Iv ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative

Background: Fluoroquinolones are widely prescribed synthetic antimicrobial agents. Quinolones act by converting their targets, gyrase and topoisomerase IV, into toxic enzymes that fragment the bacterial chromosome; the irreversible DNA damage eventually causes the killing of bacteria. Thorough knowledge of the structure-activity relationship of quinolones is essential for the development of new drugs with improved activity against resistant strains. Methods: The compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against 4 representing strains using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone using concentrations between 250 and 0.004 μg/mL. Results: MIC of derivatives 2, 3, and 4 showed potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The effective concentrations were 0.860 μg/mL or lower. MIC for compounds 5-11 were between 120 and 515 μg/mL against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and substituted hydrazinoquinolones 7-10 showed poor antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria compared with other quinolones. Conclusion: Compounds obtained by modifications on C-7 of norfloxacin with the acetylated piperazinyl, halogen atoms, and substituted hydrazinyl showed good in vitro activity - some even better than the original compound.

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Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of Various Extracts of the Stem Justicia gendarussa

Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.9734/ajrimps/2019/v6i430107 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Dhanapal Venkatachalam ◽

Akhib Rahman ◽

Basil Sunny ◽

Jensy Jacob ◽

Nikhil Kuriyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

Objective: The present study was designed to check in-vitro efficacy of Antibacterial and antifungal activity of aqueous and hexane extracts of stem of Justicia gendarussa against selected bacterial and fungal strains. Justicia gendarussa, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, commonly known as ‘‘vatham kolli’ was used in treatment of bronchitis, inflammation, eye diseases, ear ache, vaginal discharges, rheumatism, dysentery, eczema and jaundice. Methodology: Hexane and aqueous extracts of Justicia gendarussa was used for antimicrobial screening. Antibacterial activity was tested against pathogenic bacterial strains Eschericha coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Also antifungal activity was tested against one human pathogenic fungal strain i.e. Candida albicans. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Justicia gendarussa extract was carried out by using disc diffusion method. Results: Aqueous extract of Justicia gendarussa showed the largest zone of inhibition (5mm) against Eschericha coli, at 50µgm/ml and 3mmzone of inhibition against S. aures, at 50µgm/ml. Hexane extract does not showing activity against to human pathogenic E. coli and S. aures, at 50µgm/ml. Aqueous extract has shown more potent antibacterial activity against Eschericha coli. Aqueous extract was found to be more effective against human pathogenic fungus Candida albicuns than hexane extract and standard drug. The zone of inhibition of Aqueous extract was 11mm and the zone of inhibition of hexane extract was7mm and standard only 2mm.The phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of different types of compounds like terpenoids, tannins, and flavonoids which may contribute for the anti-microbial action of this plant. Conclusions: These findings provide scientific evidence of traditional use of Justicia gendarussa and also indicate the potential of this plant for the development of antimicrobial agents.

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Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) pada Berbagai Konsentrasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara In-Vitro

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.26630/jk.v9i3.967 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 336

Author(s):

Ni Luh Budi Artaningsih ◽

Nur Habibah ◽

Mastra Nyoman

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone

Streptococcus mutans is a positive gram bacteria which cause dental caries. From the several previous studies, Gamal leaf has been predicted as the antibacterial agent because of their active substance such as tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. The objective of the study was to know the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Gamal leaf (Gliricidia sepium) for Streptococcus mutans in various concentrations. This study was a true experimental with post-test only control design. The determination of antibacterial activity in this study was conducted by using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method with the various concentrations, there were 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80%. The positive and negative controls in this study were 30 µg disk diffusion of chloramphenicol and the 96% of ethanol. The average inhibition of zone diameter in the concentrations of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80% were 11.3, 12.3, 13.4, 15.3 and 19.2 mm, respectively. One Way ANOVA statistical analysis showed that the value of p was 0.000, so there was a difference of growth inhibition zone of Streptococcus mutans in various concentrations of ethanol extract of Gamal leaf (Gliricidia sepium). Based on the result, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Gamal leaf (Gliricidia sepium) have strong antibacterial activity, especially to Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

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