Global Study on Tobacco Use among Youth in the Kyrgyz Republic Republic (GYTS, 2019)

The aim of the study was to assess the situation related to tobacco consumption among adolescents aged 13 – 15 in the Kyrgyz Republic.Materials and Methods. The study used a two-stage selection of schoolchildren in grades 7 – 9 (teenagers 13 – 15 years old) to conduct the survey. At the 1st stage, information was collected about all schools of the republic, where children of the target group study. the schools in which the survey was subsequently conducted were selected by the statistical sampling method according to the number of students in grades 7 – 9. The grades whose students participated in the questionnaire were set at stage 2 by random sampling in each school The survey includes 43 questions from the Standard main Questionnaire of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) and 30 supplementary questions (73 in total) with multiple choice of answers. The statistical processing was performed using the SUDAAN software package (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention); a 95% confidence interval was calculated to calculate weighted prevalence estimates and standard errors (SE).Results. The survey found that 6.0% of schoolchildren (9.5% of boys and 2.4% of girls) currently use various types of tobacco; 4.4% of schoolchildren currently use tobacco (6.8% of boys and 2.0% of girls); 2.4% of schoolchildren smoke cigarettes; 2.4% use smokeless tobacco, 2.8% use other tobacco products (hookah); 2.8% of schoolchildren smoke electronic cigarettes (3.9% of boys and 1.7% of girls). Tobacco use most often begins before age 7 or after age 12. 16.8% of schoolchildren are exposed to tobacco smoke at home, of which 14.2% are in closed places and 14.8% in open public places. 87.2% of schoolchildren purchase cigarettes in a shop, kiosk, from a street vendor, and in the market. During the visit to the point of sale 26.7% noticed tobacco advertising and promotions; 49.7% saw anti-tobacco messages in the mass media. Definitely think that smoking tobacco by other people is bad for them, 71.2% of schoolchildren.Conclusion. A high percentage of teenagers consuming e-cigarettes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco products has been noted, although > 50% of them are aware of the dangers of tobacco use. Every 6th student is a passive smoker. The vast majority of schoolchildren aged 13 – 15 who try to quit smoking do not receive professional help in quitting tobacco use, and are exposed to protobacco media marketing campaigns.

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Trend in the affordability of tobacco products in Bangladesh: findings from the ITC Bangladesh Surveys

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. s20-s30 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nigar Nargis ◽

Michal Stoklosa ◽

Jeffrey Drope ◽

Geoffrey T Fong ◽

Anne C K Quah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Price Increase ◽

Income Growth ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Individual Level

BackgroundThe price of tobacco products in relation to the income of tobacco users—affordability—is recognised as a key determinant of tobacco use behaviour. The effectiveness of a price increase as a deterrent to tobacco use depends on how much price increases in relation to the income of the potential users. The aim of this paper is to examine the distribution of and trends in the affordability of tobacco products in Bangladesh.MethodUsing four waves of International Tobacco Control Survey data on Bangladesh, this study measures affordability of tobacco products at the individual level as the ratio of self-reported price and self-reported income. The trends in affordability by brand categories of cigarettes and of bidi and smokeless tobacco are estimated using multivariate linear regression analysis.ResultsDespite significant increase in price, the affordability of cigarettes increased between 2009 and 2014–2015 due to income growth outpacing price increase. The increase was disproportionately larger for more expensive brands. The affordability of bidis increased over this period as well. The affordability of smokeless tobacco products remained unchanged between 2011–2012 and 2014–2015.ConclusionThe tax increases that were implemented during 2009–2015 were not enough to increase tobacco product prices sufficiently to outweigh the effect of income growth, and to reduce tobacco consumption. The findings from this research inform policymakers that in countries experiencing rapid economic growth, significant tax increases are needed to counteract the effect of income growth, in order for the tax increases to be effective in reducing tobacco use.

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Age of tobacco use initiation and association with current use and nicotine dependence among US middle and high school students, 2014–2016

Tobacco Control ◽

10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054593 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Saida Sharapova ◽

Carolyn Reyes-Guzman ◽

Tushar Singh ◽

Elyse Phillips ◽

Kristy L Marynak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Nicotine Dependence ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Tobacco Prevention ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

School Students ◽

Cigarette Tobacco ◽

Tobacco Products

IntroductionTobacco use mostly begins in adolescence and young adulthood. Earlier age of initiation of cigarette smoking is associated with greater nicotine dependence and sustained tobacco use. However, data are limited on the age of initiation of non-cigarette tobacco products, and the association between using these products and nicotine dependence and progression to established use.MethodsCombined 2014–2016 National Youth Tobacco Survey data, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of US students in grades 6–12 yielded 19 580 respondents who reported ever using any of five tobacco products: electronic cigarettes, cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco and hookah. Analyses assessed age of reported first use of each product among ever-users, overall and by sex and race/ethnicity. Current daily use, past 30-day use, feelings of craving tobacco and time to first tobacco use after waking were assessed by age of first use.ResultsAmong ever-users, weighted median age for first use was 12.6 years for cigarettes, 13.8 years for cigars, 13.4 years for smokeless tobacco, 14.1 years for hookah and 14.1 years for e-cigarettes. First trying these tobacco products at age ≤13 years was associated with greater current use of the respective product and nicotine dependence compared with initiating use at age >13 years.ConclusionsFirst tobacco use at age ≤13 years is associated with current daily and past 30-day use of non-cigarette tobacco products, and with the development of nicotine dependence among youth ever-users. Proven tobacco prevention interventions that reach early adolescents are important to reduce overall youth tobacco use.

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Prevalence of tobacco consumption among adolescents from rural area of Wardha district

International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research ◽

10.31878/ijcbr.2018.51.09 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36

Author(s):

Vishnoi Ravindra Kumar ◽

Wagh Vasant ◽

Gaidhane Abhay ◽

Muntode Pramita ◽

Kshatrapal Prajapati

Keyword(s):

Rural Area ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Care Program ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Rural Adolescents ◽

Full Potential ◽

Late Adolescent ◽

Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Background- Globally adolescent population is around 1200 million and out of six person, every one person is in adolescence (aged10 to 19 years) period (1). Yet most of them are healthy, but premature death, illness and injury among them can hinder ability to grow and develop to their full potential. It is estimated that 1.2 million adolescents died in 2015 and mostly from preventable or treatable causes. Tobacco consumption is world’s leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. National Family Health Survey conducted in year 2016-17 reported tobacco consumption prevalence 38.9% in urban area and 48% in rural area of India. Method-It was a community based cross-sectional study conducted in eight villages of Wardha district adopted under Community Health Care program run by department of community medicine. Data was collected by interview from 485 adolescent in the age group of 10-19 years by domiciliary visits using pre-designed pre-tested questionnaire from the period October 2016 to October 2018. Results: Prevalence of tobacco use (all forms), smokeless tobacco use and smoking in rural adolescents were 20.82%, 20.41%, and 2.68%, respectively. Prevalence of tobacco use in boys (30.29%) was more than girls (4.49%). Higher Prevalence was found in late adolescent period. Bidi was commonly used form of smoke tobacco while Kharra was the preferred smokeless tobacco. Almost all smokers were male but few exceptions were there. Conclusion: The prevalence of tobacco use among rural adolescents was very high (20.82%) as compared to national prevalence of 14.6% according to the global youth tobacco survey India 2009. There is a need of early intervention for tobacco cessation as overall mean age of 1st experienced to tobacco consumption was 12.02 years and in male and female users it was 12.25 years and 10.88 years respectively. 42.10 % adolescents 1st time experienced any type of tobacco products when they were in the 12-14 years age and only 0.66% adolescents experienced at the age of 17 -19 years. Maximum male (42.19%) and female (41.67%) ever user experienced their 1st tobacco consumption when they were 12-14 years old.

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TOBACCO USE AMONG STUDENTS OF RURAL BACKGROUND IN BHOPAL

10.36106/gjra/2102412 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 68-70

Author(s):

R.K. Gaur ◽

Swapnil Jain ◽

DK Shukla

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Male Students ◽

Second Hand Smoke ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Rural Background ◽

The Common ◽

Harmful Effects ◽

Injurious Effects

Background: It is well known fact that tobacco kills up to half of its users. 8 million people are killed by the use of tobacco annually. Direct tobacco consumption is responsible for approx seven millions of these deaths and approx 1.2 million deaths due to tobacco use are due to the exposure of non smokers to second hand smoke. The present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of use of tobacco products among rural male students and their knowledge about its injurious effects. Aims and objectives:This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of tobacco use among students residing in rural background and to assess their knowledge about injurious effects of tobacco products in any form. Material and Methods:The study was undertaken by using a detailed, predesigned questionnaire on the use of tobacco. Results: The prevalence of tobacco smoking was found to be 21% and smokeless tobacco as 37% on regular basis. Conclusion: Present study clearly demonstrates the common practice of tobacco consumption among students living in rural background and it is of deep concern. Knowledge about harmful effects of tobacco use certainly have role in restraining the tobacco habit among students.

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Smokeless Tobacco: An Etiological Risk Factor for High Incidence of Pyriform Sinus Cancer in Assam, India

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.45600 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 96s-96s

Author(s):

A. Das

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Hypopharyngeal Cancer ◽

Pyriform Sinus ◽

Age Group ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

High Incidence ◽

Smokeless Tobacco User ◽

Sinus Cancer

Background: Cancer incidence in northeast India including Assam state is higher than the Indian national average. The incidence of hypopharyngeal cancer mainly pyriform sinus is high in (14.7/100,000) Assam and other northeastern state like Meghalaya (East Khasi Hills). Recently published Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS 2) report has shown that there is a decrease in tobacco consumption in India from 34.6% to 28.6%. However, in Assam the rate has increased from 39.3% to 48.2% mainly in the form of smokeless tobacco. Cigarette smoker reduce from 8.8% (GATS 1, 2009-10) to 6.1% (GATS 2, 2017), but smokeless users increase from 32.7% (GATS 1, 2009-10) to 41.7% (GATS 2, 2017). By now in India we only have gutka and pan masala (Prohibition) act 2015, by which there is ban on gutka but not other smokeless tobacco product. Because of COTPA (Cigarettes-and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, there is reduction of smoking in India as well as in the state of Assam. But as we don't have stringent laws to control the use of smokeless tobacco, the users are increasing. Aim: To study the role of smokeless tobacco as a substantial etiological risk factor for high incidence of pyriform sinus cancer in Assam and to advocate for a strict law to prohibit or ban of smokeless tobacco in Assam. Methods: This is a retrospective study archived from hospital cancer registry database. 708 patients diagnosed with pyriform sinus carcinoma from January 2016 to December 2016 were analyzed. The relation between forms of tobacco use and gender, age group, place of residence and level of education were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 19. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: 584 (82.5%) patients had the habit of tobacco consumption of whom 128 (21.9%) were smokers, 220 (37.6%) consumed smokeless tobacco and the remaining 237 (40.5%) cases consumed both forms of tobacco products. Forms of tobacco use differ significantly with patient's gender ( P < 0.05). The patients in the age group ≥ 50 years or above 50 years, the highest frequency was observed in both forms of tobacco consumption (61/144 = 42.4% and 176/441 = 39.9%) respectively. Most of the patients from rural areas were habituated to both forms of tobacco use (201/499 = 40.3%) and most of them are mainly smokeless tobacco user. Conclusion: The current study shows that the incidence of smokeless tobacco user is alarmingly increasing in Assam and the northeastern part of India leading to high incidence of hypopharyngeal cancers. At present only gutka is banned in the India. So, further policies should be implemented to bring down the use of smokeless tobacco and thus reducing the burden of hypopharyngeal cancer in this part of the country.

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Associations of Tobacco Advertising Appeal With Intentions to Use Alternative Tobacco Products Among Young Tobacco Users Experiencing Homelessness

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117119878350 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 132-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William G. Shadel ◽

Joan S. Tucker ◽

Rachana Seelam ◽

Daniela Golinelli ◽

Daniel Siconolfi

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Homeless Youth ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Tobacco Advertising ◽

Advertising Appeal

Purpose: Virtually nothing is known about the potential effects of tobacco advertising on tobacco use among youth experiencing homelessness, a vulnerable population with high tobacco use rates. This study examines associations between the appeal of advertising for 5 classes of tobacco product (electronic cigarettes, hookah, cigars, cigarillos, and smokeless tobacco) and future intentions to use those products again among homeless youth who had indicated any level of lifetime use. Design: A cross-sectional design was used. Setting: Settings were 25 service and street sites in Los Angeles County. Participants: A probability sample of 469 young tobacco users experiencing homelessness (mean age = 22; 71% male; 29% non-Hispanic White) was recruited. Measures: Assessments included product-specific tobacco advertising appeal and future intentions to use the product again, as well as a range of covariate controls (eg, demographics, homelessness severity, current tobacco use, general advertising exposure). Analysis: Linear regression tested for associations between the appeal of advertising for a specific tobacco product and intentions to use that product again in the future, controlling for myriad covariates. Results: Advertising appeal was positively associated with future intentions to use again for electronic cigarettes ( P = .006) and hookah ( P = .001), but not cigars ( P = .486), cigarillos ( P = .126), or smokeless tobacco ( P = .109). Conclusion: Results suggest that advertising appeal may increase use of certain tobacco products among youth experiencing homelessness. However, differences in themes emphasized by advertising for specific tobacco products could differentially influence use in this population.

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Epidemiology of tobacco use in Qatar: Prevalence and its associated factors

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0250065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0250065

Author(s):

Ahmad AlMulla ◽

Ravinder Mamtani ◽

Sohaila Cheema ◽

Patrick Maisonneuve ◽

Jamal Abdullah BaSuhai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Control Measures ◽

Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Current Tobacco

Tobacco use is a serious public health concern as it causes various deleterious health problems. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and various types of tobacco used among a population-based sample of adults 18 years and above in Qatar (residents and expatriates). The study also attempted to assess tobacco use initiation age, tobacco dependency, and to identify factors associated with current tobacco use. This 2019 cross-sectional study was conducted among governmental employees and University students in Qatar using cluster sampling methodology. Study participants completed a self-administered, country-adapted summarized version of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. 25.2% (n = 1741; N = 6904) of the surveyed sample reported current tobacco use. 21.5% (n = 1481) smoked tobacco (cigarettes, waterpipe, medwakh and cigar) concomitant with other forms of tobacco and only 1.0% (n = 69) were using other forms of tobacco (electronic cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and heat-not-burn tobacco products) and 2.7% (n = 191) did not mention the type of tobacco products used by them. Of the 1550 tobacco users, 42.8% were cigarette smokers, 20.9% waterpipe, 3.2% medwakh (Arabic traditional pipe) and 0.7% cigar. Moreover, 1.9% reported smokeless tobacco use (sweika), 2.0% electronic cigarette use, and 0.3% heat-not-burn tobacco use. The mean age for smoking initiation was 19.7±5.3 (Qataris 18.6±4.8 and non-Qataris 20.3±5.6). Using multivariable logistic regression, significant association was observed between tobacco use and gender, nationality, age, monthly income, living with a smoker, and self-rated health. This large population-based cross-sectional survey provides the first evidence for the prevalence of different types of tobacco use including medwakh smoking among adults (Qataris and non-Qataris) 18 years and above in Qatar. This can serve as a baseline for future research studies on the topic. Based on the review of previous and current tobacco survey findings, it is evident that the prevalence of tobacco use (current) in Qatar has declined suggesting that tobacco control measures implemented by the country have been effective in reducing tobacco consumption.

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Smokeless Tobacco - An Overview

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2013-0865 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 248-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H Klus ◽

M Kunze ◽

S Koenig ◽

E Poeschl

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Western World ◽

The European Union ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Pyrolysis Products ◽

Wide Range

AbstractSmoking, especially cigarette smoking, is the most common form of tobacco consumption world-wide. It is generally accepted that smoking carries health risks for smokers. The combustion and pyrolysis products of tobacco generated during smoking are considered to be responsible for the harmful effects. Smokeless tobacco, another wide-spread form of tobacco use, is not subjected to burning and produces no combustion or pyrolysis products. Therefore, there is an increasingly intense debate about the potential role of smokeless tobacco in reducing the harm of tobacco use.An overview is presented on the different types of smokeless tobaccos consumed around the world. Commercial products differ widely in composition and patterns of use. The smokeless tobaccos of the Western world (Europe and North America) need to be clearly distinguished from those popular in Asia, Africa and South America. The modern smokeless tobaccos used in Europe and North America are reviewed regarding their chemical composition and toxicological properties. Agents of concern found in smokeless tobacco, especially the tobacco specific N-nitrosamines, are dealt with in particular.The epidemiological evidence is summarized concerning a wide range of health outcomes. Published reviews and studies are presented and interpreted regarding non-neoplastic oral diseases, various forms of cancer, circulatory diseases, several other diseases and pregnancy outcome. While many of the epidemiological studies have weaknesses and data are often inconsistent it is quite obvious that smokeless tobacco use is much less risky for consumers than smoking. In fact, for modern forms of European moist snuff such as Swedish snus, which is subject to strict quality standards, there is evidence for - if any - only very limited serious health risk.The ongoing public discussion centers around the influence smokeless tobacco may have on smoking rates (initiation or cessation) and the occurrence of tobacco specific diseases - with Sweden being a revealing example. There is an interesting controversy regarding product and marketing regulations for smokeless tobaccos in the European Union.

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The Progression of the Tobacco Epidemic in India on the National and Regional Levels, 1998-2016

10.21203/rs.3.rs-117370/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rufi Shaikh ◽

Fanny Janssen ◽

Tobias Vogt

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Family Health ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Middle Income ◽

The North ◽

Short Period ◽

Tobacco Epidemic

Abstract Background: According to the smoking epidemic framework, societies undergo successive stages in which the prevalence of tobacco use first increases, and then declines. This pattern was has been extensively documented for developed countries, but evidence that it has occurred in low- and middle-income countries remains fragmented. We assessed the progression of the tobacco epidemic in India on the national and regional levels by gender, including trends in the consumption of smokeless tobacco, to provide a comprehensive overview of tobacco use in India and its states.Methods: We use information on current tobacco consumption among Indians aged 15-49 from three rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) (1998-99, 2005-06, 2015-16) to estimate the age-standardized smoking and smokeless tobacco prevalence across India and its states.Results: Age-standardized tobacco consumption prevalence in India increased between 1998-99 and 2005-06, and declined from 2005-06 to 2015-2016, simultaneously for men and women. There are substantial spatial differences in the progression of the tobacco epidemic in India. In the north-eastern states in particular, tobacco consumption prevalence remains higher than the national average, and is still increasing. Conclusions: Our results suggest that India and the majority of its states experienced a ‘compressed tobacco epidemic’ in which the prevalence of tobacco consumption increased and decreased simultaneously for women and men over a comparatively short period of time. Despite the overall progress in reducing tobacco use India has made, further lowering tobacco consumption remains a public health priority, as the prevalence of smoking and/or smokeless tobacco use remains high in a number of states. We therefore conclude that tobacco regulations should be expanded with the aim of reducing the overall health burden associated with tobacco consumption across India.

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Nicotine and Tobacco

ASAM Handbook of Addiction Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780197506172.003.0007 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 149-182

Author(s):

Shadi Nahvi ◽

Darius A. Rastegar

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Chronic Lung Disease ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Withdrawal Symptoms ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Exhaled Carbon Monoxide

Nicotine is responsible for the psychoactive and habit-forming effects of tobacco. Approximately 30% of Americans use tobacco products; half of them are nicotine-dependent. Nicotine has mild stimulant effects. Overdose is rare in experienced users. Some may develop nausea, vomiting, weakness, and dizziness. Withdrawal symptoms include craving, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, and increased appetite. Smokers have elevated exhaled carbon monoxide and serum carboxyhemoglobin levels. Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, can be detected in blood and urine. Many medical conditions are associated with tobacco use (particularly smoking), including cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, and a variety of malignancies. A number of interventions can help increase smoking cessation rates, including physician advice, counseling, nicotine replacement, varenicline, and bupropion. Electronic cigarettes may help smokers quit or reduce their smoking.

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