Microflora of autopsy material from HIV-infected patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-489
Author(s):  
A. V. Zhestkov ◽  
A. V. Lyamin ◽  
Yu. L. Ketsko ◽  
M. O. Zolotov
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Autopsy Material ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Opportunistic Disease ◽  
Hiv Negative

According to literature, lungs are affected in 25 – 60% of HIV-infected individuals. The most common opportunistic disease in this group of patients is pneumonia of various etiology. HIV-positive patients show a wide microbiological landscape of pneumonia pathogens.The aim of the study was to determine the structure of the microflora of autopsy material obtained from the lungs of HIV-infected patients.Methods. 83 samples of autopsy material from patients with HIV infection and 27 samples from HIV-negative patients were analyzed. The deceased were treated in the pulmonary departments of Samara with a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Due to the large variety of microorganisms recovered from the autopsy material, the microorganisms were divided into several groups: Enterobacteria, non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria, Enterococci, Staphylococci, Sterptococci, and Corynebacteria. The fungi were divided into two subgroups. The first included Candida spp., the second included other types of fungi. The tests for pneumocystis infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and non-tuberculosis mycobacteria were not performed.Results. Enterobacteria were found in 39.2%, non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria – in 27.3% and Enterococci – in 19.6% of the HIV-infected patients. Staphylococcus spp. were found in 4.2%, and Corynebacteria and Streptococci in 0.7% of those patients. Candida spp. accounted for 6.3%, other fungi were found in 2.0% of cases. Enterobacteria and non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria were found in 26.2% of HIV-negative patients. Enterococcus spp. – 21.4%, Staphylococci – 7.1%, Streptococci – 2.4% of those patients. Candida spp. 16.7% were found in 16.7% of HIV-negative patients. Enterobacteria were found significantly more often in the autopsy material from HIV-infected patients. The study shows the high importance of gram-negative flora as a causative agent of infectious lesions of the lung tissue. At the same time, we statistically confirmed an increase in prevalence of Enterobacteria in HIV-positive patients. Although these pathogens are not always detected in the sputum from HIV-infected patients with bronchopulmonary disorders, they are detected only by autopsy examination of the lung tissue.Conclusion. Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia in HIV-infected patients with severe immunodeficiency have a few specific features, such as increasing the frequency of sputum culture, reducing the number of errors at the preanalytical stage of collecting the biomaterial, ensuring proper conditions for its transportation to a bacteriological laboratory, improving the quality of analysis. The physicians should be aware of the possible detection of gram-negative flora as a causative agent of lung infections and the possible change of the causative agent. 

scholarly journals Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia with Bacteremia Caused by Herbaspirillum aquaticum or Herbaspirillum huttiense in an Immune-Competent Adult

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 3086-3088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hariharan Regunath ◽  
Joanna Kimball ◽  
L. Patrick Smith ◽  
William Salzer
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Immunocompetent Adult ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts ◽  
Soil And Water

Herbaspirillumspp. are Gram-negative bacteria that inhabit soil and water. Infections caused by these organisms have been reported in immunocompromised hosts. We describe severe community-acquired pneumonia and bacteremia caused byHerbaspirillum aquaticumorH. huttiensein an immunocompetent adult male.

scholarly journals In-vitro activity of levofloxacin against bacterial pathogens collected in China：A ten-year（2009-2018） retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
LU GAN ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Yuan Lv ◽  
Bo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Rates

Abstract Background： This study was designed to evaluate the in-vitro activity of levofloxacin against bacterial pathogens collected from Chinese hospitalized patients between 2009 and 2018, and analysis the trends of levofloxacin resistance in China.Methods In this analysis, antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) experiments with levofloxacin and controls against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria collected from 2009 to 2018. MICs were determined using the agar dilution method according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)，2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using CLSI breakpoints. Statistical tests were analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), calculating the MIC90.Results In the past decade，the antibacterial activities of levofloxacin against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which were common gram-negative bacteria, were stable; the resistance rates of these bacteria had no significant changes or decreased slightly. The levofloxacin resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, which were gram positive bacteria, decreased from 48.4% and 36.9% in 2009-2010 to 22.8% and 25.7% in 2017-2018, respectively, respectively. The levofloxacin resistance rate among Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, the common pathogens of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), were less than 3%. The levofloxacin resistance rates for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii increased. No difference in the levofloxacin resistance rates by age group (18-64, 65-74, ≥75 years old age groups) was observed. The resistance rate of strains isolated from ICU patients was usually 10-20% higher than that of non-ICU patients.Conclusion In recent ten years, levofloxacin has continued to be active in-vitro against the strains in its antibacterial spectrum. No significant change of resistance rates was observed and it still has a good antibacterial effect on the main pathogenic bacteria of community-acquired pneumonia, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and MSSA.

scholarly journals Disclosure of a Promising Lead to Tackle Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Actions of Peptide PP4-3.1

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Ana Gomes ◽  
Lucinda J. Bessa ◽  
Iva Fernandes ◽  
Ricardo Ferraz ◽  
Cláudia Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Wound Fluid ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Chimeric Peptide ◽  
Complicated Skin

Efficient antibiotics are being exhausted, which compromises the treatment of infections, including complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSTI) often associated with multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) being the most prevalent. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are being increasingly regarded as the new hope for the post-antibiotic era. Thus, future management of cSSTI may include use of peptides that, on the one hand, behave as AMP and, on the other, are able to promote fast and correct skin rebuilding. As such, we combined the well-known cosmeceutical pentapeptide-4 (PP4), devoid of antimicrobial action but possessing collagenesis-boosting properties, with the AMP 3.1, to afford the chimeric peptide PP4-3.1. We further produced its N-methyl imidazole derivative, MeIm-PP4-3.1. Both peptide-based constructs were evaluated in vitro against Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and Candida spp. fungi. Additionally, the antibiofilm activity, the toxicity to human keratinocytes, and the activity against S. aureus in simulated wound fluid (SWF) were assessed. The chimeric peptide PP4-3.1 stood out for its potent activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including against MDR clinical isolates (0.8 ≤ MIC ≤ 5.7 µM), both in planktonic form and in biofilm matrix. The peptide was also active against three clinically relevant species of Candida fungi, with an overall performance superior to that of fluconazole. Altogether, data reveal that PP4-3.1 is as a promising lead for the future development of new topical treatments for severe skin infections.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Bacterial Microflora Isolated from Sputum of Patients with Pneumonia Registered in Khabarovsk City and Khabarovsk Territory in the Initial Period of COVID-19 Pandemic in May–June, 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
A. P. Bondarenko ◽  
V. A. Shmylenko ◽  
O. E. Trotsenko ◽  
V. O. Kotova ◽  
L. V. Butakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Test System ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Microbial Associations

Objective: to study the bacterial microflora in the sputum of patients with pneumonia caused by SARSCoV-2 or other pathogens.Materials and methods. The bacterial microflora of sputum of 173 patients with pneumonia admitted to hospitals in Khabarovsk and the Khabarovsk Territory in May – June 2020 was examined. Detection of RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was carried out by PCR with the Vector-PCRRV-2019-nCoV-RG test system (manufactured by the State Scientific Center of VB “Vector”, Koltsovo). Determination of the DNA of mycoplasmosis agents and chlamydia was carried out with the test system “AmpliSens® Mycoplasma pneumoniae/Chlamydophila pneumonia” (manufactured by CRIE). Statistical data processing was performed using the Excel program. Results and discussion. Both groups of patients (Covid-19+ and Covid-19–) had high levels of bacterial flora isolation (81.4 and 74.7 %) including common pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia as well as notable detection frequency of Candida spp. and microbial associations. The group of Covid-19+ patients demonstrated a wider range of detected pathogens, was positive for poly-resistant gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, non-fermenting gram-negative poly-resistant bacteria, with more expressed manifestation of microbial associations. In the group of Covid-19– participants drug-resistant microflora was presented only by MRSA and MRSE  staphylococci.

Antimicrobial activity of Inula helenium L. essential oil against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Candida spp.

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Deriu ◽  
Stefania Zanetti ◽  
Leonardo A. Sechi ◽  
Bruno Marongiu ◽  
Alessandra Piras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Inula Helenium

Blood leukocyte transcriptomes in gram-positive and gram-negative community-acquired pneumonia

2021 ◽  
pp. 2101856
Author(s):  
Liza Pereverzeva ◽  
Fabrice Uhel ◽  
Hessel Peters Sengers ◽  
Joe Butler ◽  
Lonneke A. van Vught ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Blood Leukocyte ◽  
Response Biomarkers

BackgroundGram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are the most common causative pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) on the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to determine whether the host immune response differs between Gram-positive and Gram-negative CAP upon ICU admission.MethodsSixteen host response biomarkers providing insight in pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in sepsis and blood leukocyte transcriptomes were analysed in patients with CAP upon ICU admission in two tertiary hospitals in the Netherlands.Results309 patients with CAP with a definite or probable likelihood (determined by predefined criteria) were included. A causative pathogen was determined in 74.4% of admissions. Patients admitted with Gram-positive CAP (n=90) were not different from those admitted with Gram-negative CAP (n=75) regarding demographics, chronic comorbidities, severity of disease and mortality. Host response biomarkers reflective of systemic inflammation, coagulation activation and endothelial cell function, as well as blood leukocytes transcriptomes, were largely similar between Gram-positive and Gram-negative CAP. Blood leukocyte transcriptomes were also similar in Gram-positive and Gram-negative CAP in two independent validation cohorts. On a pathogen-specific level, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli induced the most distinct host immune response.ConclusionOutcome and host response are similar in critically ill patients with CAP due to Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Development of Thiazolidinones as Fungal Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2960
Author(s):  
Özlen Güzel-Akdemir ◽  
Simone Carradori ◽  
Rossella Grande ◽  
Kübra Demir-Yazıcı ◽  
Andrea Angeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Putative Mechanism

In our efforts to find new and selective thiazolidinone-based anti-Candida agents, we synthesized and tested 26 thiazolidinones against several Candida spp. and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The compounds showed selective antifungal activity with potency similar to fluconazole and clotrimazole, while lacking strong antibacterial activity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were performed on Candida CYP51a1 and carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes to further suggest putative targets that could mediate the antifungal effects of these compounds. Finally, the compounds were tested in enzyme inhibition assays to assess their putative mechanism of action and showed promising KI values in the 0.1–10 µM range against the Candida glabrata β-CA enzyme CgNce103.

scholarly journals Microbial infection and antibiotic resistance patterns among Jordanian intensive care patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
A. A. Shehabi ◽  
L. Baadran
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Adult Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Almost All

Microbial infections were observed in 30% [155/519] of all patients consecutively admitted in 1993 to the adult intensive care unit in the Jordan University Hospital in Amman. Gram-negative bacteria were involved in 110 [49%], Gram-positive bacteria in 69 [31%], mixed bacteria species in 25 [11%] and Candida spp. in 19 [9%] of all 223 infection episodes. Five species were isolated most frequently:Staphylococcus aureus [40], Acinetobacter spp. [28] Pseudomonas spp. [22], Enterobacter spp. [20] and Klebsiella spp. [17]. Resistance to most commonly available antibiotics was moderate to very high among Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates. Almost all Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to imipenem and ciprofloxacin

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document