scholarly journals Microbial infection and antibiotic resistance patterns among Jordanian intensive care patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
A. A. Shehabi ◽  
L. Baadran
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Adult Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Almost All

Microbial infections were observed in 30% [155/519] of all patients consecutively admitted in 1993 to the adult intensive care unit in the Jordan University Hospital in Amman. Gram-negative bacteria were involved in 110 [49%], Gram-positive bacteria in 69 [31%], mixed bacteria species in 25 [11%] and Candida spp. in 19 [9%] of all 223 infection episodes. Five species were isolated most frequently:Staphylococcus aureus [40], Acinetobacter spp. [28] Pseudomonas spp. [22], Enterobacter spp. [20] and Klebsiella spp. [17]. Resistance to most commonly available antibiotics was moderate to very high among Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates. Almost all Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to imipenem and ciprofloxacin

scholarly journals PATIENTS' MICROFLORA COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS AT THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL OF PEDIATRICS IN HANOI, VIETNAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
L.V. Kataeva ◽  
A.P. Rebeshchenko ◽  
T.F. Stepanova ◽  
O.V. Posoiuznykh ◽  
Le Thanh Hai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

We studied the microflora structure and resistance gathered from the biomaterial of patients and the environment objects of various departments at the National hospital of Pediatrics in Hanoi. 140 clinical samples of biomaterials from 74 patients treated in the intensive care unit, the infectious diseases and the gastroenterology departments were studied. A systematic approach including microbiological, epidemiological and statistical research methods was used in carrying out the study. Bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family (38.5 per cent) prevailed in the biomaterial of intensive care unit patients. Nonfermentative Gram-negative bacteria (46.5 per cent) occupied the leading positions in the infectious diseases department and Gram-positive bacteria (39.3 per cent) were in the gastroenterology department. Gram-positive flora (60.2 per cent in the intensive care unit and 50.7 per cent in the infectious diseases department) prevailed in the microflora structure gathered from hospital environment objects. We identified the prevalence of bacteria of the genus Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria with a wide spectrum of resistance in the departments of the National Hospital of Pediatrics.

Predictive Factors for the Development of Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection Due to Gram-Negative Bacteria in Intensive Care Unit Patients After Surgery

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranavi V. Sreeramoju ◽  
Jocelyn Tolentino ◽  
Sylvia Garcia-Houchins ◽  
Stephen G. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Objectives.To examine the relative proportions of central line-associated bloodstream infection (BSI) due to gram-negative bacteria and due to gram-positive bacteria among patients who had undergone surgery and patients who had not. The study also evaluated clinical predictive factors and unadjusted outcomes associated with central line-associated BSI caused by gram-negative bacteria in the postoperative period.Design.Observational, case-control study based on a retrospective review of medical records.Setting.University of Chicago Medical Center, a 500-bed tertiary care center located on Chicago's south side.Patients.Adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients who developed central line-associated BSI.Results.There were a total of 142 adult patients who met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System definition for central line-associated BSI. Of those, 66 patients (46.5%) had infections due to gram-positive bacteria, 49 patients (34.5%) had infections due to gram-negative bacteria, 23 patients (16.2%) had infections due to yeast, and 4 patients (2.8%) had mixed infections. Patients who underwent surgery were more likely to develop central line-associated BSI due to gram-negative bacteria within 28 days of the surgery, compared with patients who had not had surgery recently (57.6% vs 27.3%; P = .002). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.6 [95% CI, 1.2-18.1]; P = .03) and the presence of hypotension at the time of the first blood culture positive for a pathogen (adjusted OR, 9.8 [95% CI, 2.5-39.1]; P = .001 ) were found to be independently predictive of central line-associated BSI caused by gram-negative bacteria. Unadjusted outcomes were not different in the group with BSI due to gram-negative pathogens, compared to the group with BSI due to gram-positive pathogens.Conclusions.Clinicians caring for critically ill patients after surgery should be especially concerned about the possibility of central line-associated BSI caused by gram-negative pathogens. The presence of diabetes and hypotension appear to be significant associated factors.

Increased Expressions of Toll-Like Receptor 4 on Platelet Are Related to Type of Bacteria and Disease Severity in Patients with Sepsis

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 5365-5365
Author(s):  
Liping Ma ◽  
Xiu-Ju Wang ◽  
Da-Nian Nie ◽  
Yi-Qing Li ◽  
Shuang-Fen Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Abstract Early diagnosis and treatment of patients with sepsis remain a common and severe problem, especially in leukopenic patients.. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) plays a crucial role in immunity as the first defenses system against microbial infection through binding gram-negative bacterial LPS. Blood platelets are not only involved in hemostasis, they also have many features of classic inflammatory cells. The expression of TLR4 on platelet in patients with sepsis, including gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria, is not known. Studying the differences between them, we investigated whether the expressions of TLR4 on platelet were associated with platelet activation, serum TNF-a and endotoxin levels in patients with sepsis, 8 patients of them with gram-positive bacteria and 15 patients of them with gram-negative bacteria. The number of platelet and function of coagulation were normal before infecting. Comparing with the heath subjects, the expressions of TLR4 and P-selectin on platelets, the levels of serum TNF-a and endotoxin were higher (P<0.05),and there was a positive correlation was observed between TLR4 and P-selectin, TNF-a, endotoxin respectively, among the gram-negative bacterial subjects. The phenomena were not found among the gram-positive bacterial subjects. In addition, among the gram-negative bacterial subjects, the expression of TLR4 was higher in patients with decreased number of platelets than with normal number of platelets. These results suggest that increased TLR4 on platelet might be an important early sign of gram-negative bacteria in patient with sepsis, it contributes to platelet activating, the inflammatory process and disease activity in infecting host. Above has be doing in more patients with positive blood bacteria culture in our Lab.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and their Susceptibility Pattern in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Tertiary Care Hospital in Wah

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Saba Mushtaq ◽  
Sohail Ashraf ◽  
Lubna Ghazal ◽  
Rida Zahid ◽  
Basharat Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by multiple symptoms and signs of infection during the first month of life. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of commonly isolated bacteria from patients of neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility patterns in POF hospital at Wah. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in POF Hospital Neonatal intensive care unit and Microbiology laboratory from January 2018 to December 2019. The blood samples of patients suspected with neonatal sepsis were processed as per standard methodology. Results: Out of ninety blood samples, fifty-one (56.7%) yielded the growth of Gram-negative rods and thirty-nine (43.3%) yielded Gram-positive cocci. Among Gram-positive bacteria, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common pathogen isolated from 53.8% cases followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (15.3%). Among Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (54.90%) was the most frequently identified bacteria followed by Serratia marcescens (27.45%). The Gram-positive cocci were the most susceptible to linezolid (100%) followed by vancomycin (87.2%). The Gram-negative rods depict remarkable resistance to ciprofloxacin (92.2%), gentamicin (100%), and meropenem (54.9%). Conclusions: The study concluded a predominance of Gram-negative bacteria as a causative agent of neonatal sepsis in our setup. The bacterial isolates are highly resistant to commonly prescribed oral as well as injectable antibiotics. Implementation of infection control policies is a dire need to combat the grave situation of increasing antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Disclosure of a Promising Lead to Tackle Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Actions of Peptide PP4-3.1

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Ana Gomes ◽  
Lucinda J. Bessa ◽  
Iva Fernandes ◽  
Ricardo Ferraz ◽  
Cláudia Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Wound Fluid ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Chimeric Peptide ◽  
Complicated Skin

Efficient antibiotics are being exhausted, which compromises the treatment of infections, including complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSTI) often associated with multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) being the most prevalent. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are being increasingly regarded as the new hope for the post-antibiotic era. Thus, future management of cSSTI may include use of peptides that, on the one hand, behave as AMP and, on the other, are able to promote fast and correct skin rebuilding. As such, we combined the well-known cosmeceutical pentapeptide-4 (PP4), devoid of antimicrobial action but possessing collagenesis-boosting properties, with the AMP 3.1, to afford the chimeric peptide PP4-3.1. We further produced its N-methyl imidazole derivative, MeIm-PP4-3.1. Both peptide-based constructs were evaluated in vitro against Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and Candida spp. fungi. Additionally, the antibiofilm activity, the toxicity to human keratinocytes, and the activity against S. aureus in simulated wound fluid (SWF) were assessed. The chimeric peptide PP4-3.1 stood out for its potent activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including against MDR clinical isolates (0.8 ≤ MIC ≤ 5.7 µM), both in planktonic form and in biofilm matrix. The peptide was also active against three clinically relevant species of Candida fungi, with an overall performance superior to that of fluconazole. Altogether, data reveal that PP4-3.1 is as a promising lead for the future development of new topical treatments for severe skin infections.

Antimicrobial activity of Inula helenium L. essential oil against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Candida spp.

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Deriu ◽  
Stefania Zanetti ◽  
Leonardo A. Sechi ◽  
Bruno Marongiu ◽  
Alessandra Piras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Inula Helenium

scholarly journals A Descriptive Study of Nosocomial Infections in an Adult Intensive Care Unit in Fiji: 2011-12

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshni Naidu ◽  
Ilisapeci Nabose ◽  
Sharan Ram ◽  
Kerri Viney ◽  
Stephen M. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Adult Intensive Care Unit

Nosocomial infections in an intensive care unit (ICU) are common and associated with a high mortality but there are no published data from the Oceania region. A retrospective study in Fiji’s largest ICU (2011-12) reported that 114 of a total 663 adult ICU admissions had bacteriological culture-confirmed nosocomial infection. The commonest sites of infection were respiratory and bloodstream. Gram negative bacteria were the commonest pathogens isolated, especiallyKlebsiella pneumoniae(extended-spectrumβ-Lactamase-producing),Acinetobacter,andPseudomonasspecies. Mortality for those with a known outcome was 33%. Improved surveillance and implementation of effective preventive interventions are needed.

scholarly journals Chitosan Augments Photodynamic Inactivation of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1883-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuimin Tsai ◽  
Hsiung-Fei Chien ◽  
Tze-Hsien Wang ◽  
Ching-Tsan Huang ◽  
Yaw-Bee Ker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Photodynamic Inactivation ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Promising Treatment

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) was shown to be a promising treatment modality for microbial infections. This study explores the effect of chitosan, a polycationic biopolymer, in increasing the PDI efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria, includingStaphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Streptococcus pyogenes, and methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA), as well as the Gram-negative bacteriaPseudomonas aeruginosaandAcinetobacter baumannii. Chitosan at <0.1% was included in the antibacterial process either by coincubation with hematoporphyrin (Hp) and subjection to light exposure to induce the PDI effect or by addition after PDI and further incubation for 30 min. Under conditions in which Hp-PDI killed the microbe on a 2- to 4-log scale, treatment with chitosan at concentrations of as low as 0.025% for a further 30 min completely eradicated the bacteria (which were originally at ∼108CFU/ml). Similar results were also found with toluidine blue O (TBO)-mediated PDI in planktonic and biofilm cells. However, without PDI treatment, chitosan alone did not exert significant antimicrobial activity with 30 min of incubation, suggesting that the potentiated effect of chitosan worked after the bacterial damage induced by PDI. Further studies indicated that the potentiated PDI effect of chitosan was related to the level of PDI damage and the deacetylation level of the chitosan. These results indicate that the combination of PDI and chitosan is quite promising for eradicating microbial infections.

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