scholarly journals Morphological evolution of Cuban super heavyweight boxers, 1976-2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 312-318
Author(s):  
Wiliam Carvajal Veitía ◽  
Sofía Alberta León Pérez ◽  
María Elena González Revuelta ◽  
Yanel Deturnel Campo
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Value

Objective: To evaluate the morphological changes of Cuban super heavyweight boxers, more and less successful, through the period 1976-2014. Material and method: Thirty super heavy boxers, who were members of the Cuban national teams in the period 1976-2014, were compared; The strategy consisted of separating the group in the periods 1976-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2009 and 2010-2014. Sixteen anthropometric dimensions were recorded (weight, height, sitting height, six skinfold thickness, five girths and two breadths), from which the body composition and the somatotype were obtained. The data were analyzed applying the Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The conglomerate analysis based on the Euclidean distance was used in order to evaluate the correspondence between physical development and sports performance. A discriminant analysis was carried out in order to analyze the contribution of the anthropometrical variables to the variance of different clusters. Results: Most of the anthropometric dimensions and indicators showed significant differences, having an impact on the increase in adiposity, body fat and endomorphy (p <0.05), as well as the decrease in the indicators dependent on height (p <0.05). The analysis by conglomerates, as well as the study of the Migratory Distances of the somatotype, showed that the Olympic medalist boxers differed in terms of the characteristics of body composition and in terms of the intensity of the somatotype changes in the period 1976-2014. Conclusions: The Cuban boxer of the super heavyweight category showed a wide range of morphological demands, but these were framed within the international trends of professional boxers. The morphological attributes of the Olympic medalists differed from each other, and from the rest of the boxers investigated over time. These results provide anthropometric data of high scientific value, both for selection and for medical control of training.

scholarly journals Eating Habits and Body Composition of International Elite Soccer Referees

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Mascherini ◽  
Cristian Petri ◽  
Elena Ermini ◽  
Angelo Pizzi ◽  
Antonio Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Vitamin B9

AbstractSoccer referees are a specific group of the athletes’ population whose careers peak from 30 to 45 years old. An athlete's performance is not only determined by physical training but also by a lifestyle, e.g. eating habits. The purpose of this study was to verify current eating habits and resulting body composition of a group of elite international soccer referees. At an international FIFA seminar 60 elite international soccer referees (aged 39.2 ± 4.2 years) were enrolled. A body composition assessment was performed with skinfold thickness and bio impedance analysis, while eating habits were evaluated with a multi-pass 24-hour dietary recall. The body composition showed a normal weight condition with a fat content of 11.4 ± 2.5%. Macronutrients showed a low level of carbohydrates (43.6 ± 5.4%) and a high level of fat (40.0 ± 4.5%). Micronutrients showed a low level of calcium, potassium, zinc, magnesium, iodine, vitamin B12 and vitamin B9. Even though their body composition was within the normal range, the current eating habits of elite international soccer referees did not appear to follow the nutrition guidelines. Therefore, it would be advisable to provide knowledge on nutrition for this particular category of sports subjects, an individualized nutritional plan would be advisable, in order to achieve and maintain better performance and appropriate body composition for their role.

Profiling the Diet and Body Composition of Subelite Adolescent Rhythmic Gymnasts

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia D’Alessandro ◽  
Ester Morelli ◽  
Irene Evangelisti ◽  
Fabio Galetta ◽  
Ferdinando Franzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Bioelectric Impedance Analysis ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts

The aim of this study was to investigate the body composition and dietary intake of competitive club-level rhythmic gymnasts, who represent the larger cohort of the sport’s practitioners. Fifty-five rhythmic gymnasts and 55 nonathlete females (13–19 years of age) were seen individually to collect a dietary recall and to take anthropometric data and bioelectric-impedance analysis. Gymnasts had lower body-mass index and lesser skinfold thickness, although middle arm-muscle circumference was similar in the 2 groups. Gymnasts had lower body-fat measures but normal levels of fat-free mass (FFM) and body-cellular mass. Gymnasts had better dietary habits than the age-matched controls. Low levels of calcium, phosphorous, iron, and zinc and a disparity between reported energy intake and estimated energy requirement were observed in both groups.

scholarly journals Age- and Maturity-Related Variations in Morphology, Body Composition, and Motor Fitness among Young Female Tennis Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Söğüt ◽  
Leonardo G.O. Luz ◽  
Ömer Barış Kaya ◽  
Kübra Altunsoy ◽  
Ali Ahmet Doğan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Young Female ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Sitting Height ◽  
Grip Test ◽  
Maturity Groups

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of age and maturity on anthropometric and various fitness characteristics in young competitive female tennis players. Sixty-one players, aged 10.4–13.2 years (11.8 ± 0.8) were measured for standing and sitting heights, body mass, skinfolds, grip strength, and agility, and dichotomized into two age (U12 and U14) and maturity (earliest and latest) groups according to their chronological age and maturity status. The results revealed significant age effects for stature, sitting height, leg length, and hand grip in favor of the older players. Girls contrasting in maturation differed significantly for all anthropometric and physical performance variables except for body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), and hexagon agility test. The earliest maturing group showed significantly higher values for anthropometric measures and better results in the hand grip test than the latest maturing group. After controlling for chronological age, differences were revealed between contrasting maturity groups in stature, sitting height, BF%, and the hand grip test. The findings highlight the age- and maturity-related trends in body size and muscular strength among young female tennis players in the pubertal period. Nevertheless, the differences in the body composition and agility of the contrasting age and maturity groups were negligible.

scholarly journals The selection of optimal methods for the determining the nutritional status of soldiers

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
G A Smirnova ◽  
E V Kravchenko ◽  
I A Konovalova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bioimpedance Analysis ◽  
Jackson Pollock ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status

In our country and abroad in recent years as one of the main indicators of the status of nutrition, in addition to the body mass index, is the percentage of body fat, which can be determined by a fairly wide range of techniques. In the daily practice of a military doctor, there are often no complex and expensive devices to determine the fat component of the body, such as a widespread bioimpedance analysis of body composition. The article provides many options for determining the fat component of the body. It coliperometric facts technique (the technique of Durnin - Womersley, J. Matiegka in the modification of M. M. Dyakonov, Jackson - Pollock, Gallagher, and others) and circumferential techniques (methods, used in the naval and land forces of the United States of America, the methodology developed in the Y. M. C. A. and its modification). The results were compared with the results of bioimpedance analysis of body composition. To compare the accuracy of the coincidence of the results obtained by the methods used, the method of the mean square error of the model was used. Then the correlation analysis was carried out and regression models were built.The comparative analysis revealed the most informative methods of determining the fat component of the body, which are recommended to use in the practice of a military doctor at different levels of medical care for soldiers. Fat mass can be estimated by the percentage of fat in the body, determined using the caliper-Pollock method, in the presence of calliper- compass, or circumferential technique used in the naval forces of the United States of America.

scholarly journals Effects of overfeeding by gastric intubation on body composition of adult female rats and on heat production during feeding and fasting

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. McCracken ◽  
Mary A. McNiven
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Gastric Intubation ◽  
Wide Range

1. The effects of overfeeding by gastric intubation on the body composition and energy metabolism of adult female rats were studied in three experiments.2. In Expt 1 there were significant (P < 0·001) linear increases in carcass dry matter, fat and energy during a 10 d period as metabolizable energy (ME) intake was increased from 160 to 300 kJ/d.3. In Expt 2 rats were fed to maintain weight (130 kJ/d) or given approximately 270 kJ/d for 120 d. Measurements of fed and fasting heat production (FHP) were made at intervals. FHP (kJ/d per kg metabolic weight (W0·75)) decreased by 15% over the 120 d period on both treatments. The mean carcass weight of the overfed rats increased from 216 to 465 g, over 90% of the increase being due to fat.4. In Expt 3 rats were fed to maintain weight (137 kJ/d) or given approximately 300 kJ/d for 6, 12, 18, 24 or 30 d. There were significant linear increases (P < 0·001) with time in carcass weight, dry matter, fat and energy. FHP, measured before slaughter, increased from 118 to 160 kJ/d but remained constant at 334 kJ/d per kg W0·75.5. In all three experiments there were significant (P < 0·01) increases in carcass crude protein (nitrogen × 6·25) in response to overfeeding.6. The efficiency of utilization of energy for production (Expt 1) or for maintenance and production (Expts 2 and 3) averaged 0·92, 0·86, 0·88 respectively.7. It is concluded that FHP per kg W0·75 may be regarded as constant over a wide range of body compositions in adult rats made obese by gastric intubation, and that energy utilization conforms to classical concepts.

scholarly journals Different TCR-induced T lymphocyte responses are potentiated by stiffness with variable sensitivity

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Saitakis ◽  
Stéphanie Dogniaux ◽  
Christel Goudot ◽  
Nathalie Bufi ◽  
Sophie Asnacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphocyte Migration ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Wide Range

T cells are mechanosensitive but the effect of stiffness on their functions is still debated. We characterize herein how human primary CD4+ T cell functions are affected by stiffness within the physiological Young’s modulus range of 0.5 kPa to 100 kPa. Stiffness modulates T lymphocyte migration and morphological changes induced by TCR/CD3 triggering. Stiffness also increases TCR-induced immune system, metabolism and cell-cycle-related genes. Yet, upon TCR/CD3 stimulation, while cytokine production increases within a wide range of stiffness, from hundreds of Pa to hundreds of kPa, T cell metabolic properties and cell cycle progression are only increased by the highest stiffness tested (100 kPa). Finally, mechanical properties of adherent antigen-presenting cells modulate cytokine production by T cells. Together, these results reveal that T cells discriminate between the wide range of stiffness values found in the body and adapt their responses accordingly.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism in body composition of children in the North Backa region

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Valerija Puskas ◽  
Tatjana Pavlica ◽  
Rada Rakic
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Triceps Skinfold Thickness

Introduction. Anthropometric measurements are widely used in the assessment of growth, nutritional status and body composition in children. The objective of the study was to describe growth and body composition of children using simple anthropometric measures. Material and Methods. The investigation was performed in 13 primary schools in the territory of North Backa during 2017 and at the beginning of 2018. A total of 593 schoolchildren aged 6.50 - 10.49 years (in decimals) were included in the study. The following parameters were measured: height, weight, upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. These measurements were used to calculate the body mass index, total upper arm area, upper-arm muscle area, upper-arm fat area, and the arm fat mass percentage for each individual. Results. The study results show that children?s growth is almost linear over the first decade of life and the lean body mass increases at similar rates in boys and girls. However, girls show higher percentage of body fat and higher triceps skinfold thickness, while the body mass index is not significantly different. The secular trends in height are slowing down or have already ceased, but the weight generally continues increasing. Conclusion. Although sexual differences in anthropological measures are insignificant, the differences in body composition are evident before puberty.

scholarly journals Evaluation of body composition and muscular strength in different sports

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Vedrana Karan ◽  
Aleksandra Rakovac ◽  
Mladen Karan ◽  
Milan Popovic ◽  
Jelena Klasnja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Maximum Value

Introduction. Body composition measurements and dynamometric parameters are very reliable indicators of performance and progress in the training process. The aim of this study was to assess the body composition and muscle strength and to establish the correlation between these parameters in various sports. Material and Methods. The study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Functional Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad. It included 45 male examiners: 15 handball players, 15 football players, and 15 sprinters. The following parameters were measured: body weight, body height, body mass index, skinfold thickness, and dynamometric parameters of calf extensors and forearm flexors. Results. In comparison to football players and sprinters, handball players presented with statistically significantly higher body mass index (p < 0.05). In terms of skinfold thickness, there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the groups. The values of dynamometric parameters of calf extensors (average value of load of the calf extensors, maximum value of load of the calf extensors, strength of muscle contraction of calf extensors) showed no statistically significant differences between the groups of athletes (p > 0.05). Compared to football and handball players, sprinters had significantly higher values of dynamometric parameters of forearm flexors (average value of load of forearm flexors, maximum value of load of forearm flexors, strength of muscle contraction of forearm flexors). Conclusion. In the group of handball players there was a positive correlation between the percentage of the body fat and muscle power in both examined muscle groups; however, among the football players and sprinters, a correlation was found between the body composition and strength of calf extensors.

Integration of energy and protein transactions in the body to build new tools for predicting performance and body composition of ruminants

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. H. Oddy ◽  
H. C. Dougherty ◽  
J. W. Oltjen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Animal Growth

Increased market pressure to improve meat yield and quality require improved methods of predicting body composition in growing animals. Current systems of animal nutrition based on nutrient supply and animal characteristics predict animal growth from nutrient inputs, but, as of yet, do not accurately predict body composition. The present paper explores the evidence and data required to support an existing model of the effects of energy intake on visceral and muscle protein mass and energy expenditure to predict heat production, growth and body composition of sheep. While parameters of the model related to energetic costs of protein in muscle and viscera can be supported by independent studies, parameters associated with energetic costs of protein gain, particularly in viscera, are harder to reconcile with independent measurements. The range of available data on systematic changes in visceral organ mass over time in response to feed intake is limited, which may constrain generalisation of the parameters of the model with regard to the wide range of production situations faced by the sheep and cattle industries. However, sufficient data exist in the literature to test, and if required, revise the current framework.

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