scholarly journals Antibiotic use: evaluating knowledge, attitude and practices among medical students in a sub Himalayan state

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Gupta ◽  
Parveen Singh ◽  
Renu Rani ◽  
Rashmi Kumari ◽  
Bhavna Langer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The growing concern about antibiotic resistance, of late, led World Health Organization to declare it as World Health Day theme in 2011. Knowledge spreads awareness and understanding by melting the barriers of ignorance while attitudes and practices have a bearing on the health related behaviour. The present study aims at evaluating the knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical students towards antibiotic usage.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among the Pre-final medical students (6th / 7th semester) who participated in the questionnaire survey on knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotics usage. The data was analysed and Chi-square was used as test of significance.Results: Overall, 132 students were interviewed. Majority (96.2%) had heard of antibiotic resistance. About 22% of the sample stated that antibiotics can cure viral infections, among them female being in the higher proportion (p<0.05). Majority (>90%) agreed that antibiotic resistance is a serious problem and had positive attitude about population awareness campaign regarding antibiotic resistance. Among practices, higher proportion of male respondents preferred antibiotics in case of cough and sore throat. (p<0.05).Conclusions: Despite being Pre-final MBBS students, the results have revealed that knowledge and attitude of the respondents were not up to the desired levels. The practices regarding use of antibiotics were more or less adequate. For effective curriculum, thorough knowledge and rational prescription of antibiotics needs to be reinforced among medical students both before and during internship.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Use in Poultry Production in Grenada

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindonne Glasgow ◽  
Martin Forde ◽  
Darren Brow ◽  
Catherine Mahoney ◽  
Stephanie Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level

Objective. Research is often lacking in low-income countries to substantiate the regulation of antibiotics in poultry production. Nonregulation of antibiotics in food animal industries has implications for human health. This study was conducted to provide an understanding of farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the use of antibiotics in poultry production in Grenada. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in August-September, 2016, surveying 30 poultry farmers each having 500 or more chickens grown for commercial purposes. Results. More than 1000 birds were kept on 18 (60.0%) farms. Antibiotics were used on the majority of farms (25, 83.3%). More than half of the respondents, 19 (63.3%), stated they were only somewhat aware of issues related to the use of antibiotics and the majority, 21 (70.0%), were also unable to define antimicrobial resistance. There was inconsistency in the farmers’ knowledge about how and when to use antibiotics. There was also a high level of noncompliance with manufacturers’ recommendations for use of antibiotics. The respondents were not aware of local programs to monitor antibiotic use or manage antibiotic resistance in the poultry industry. Conclusion. Generally, the farmers’ knowledge and practices were inconsistent with recommendations by the World Health Organization for antibiotic stewardship. While low-income countries, such as Grenada, are challenged with the lack of resources to undertake research and implement responsive actions, this research highlights the need for some immediate measures of remedy, such as education of farmers and monitoring procurement and use of antibiotics, to reduce risk to public health.

scholarly journals Antibiotics stewardship in Ghana: a cross-sectional study of public knowledge, attitudes, and practices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Jimah ◽  
Ama P. Fenny ◽  
Oladele Ogunseitan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is a major contributing factor to global morbidity and mortality and is associated with inappropriate medication use. However, the level of antibiotic consumption and knowledge about antibiotic resistance in Ghana is inadequately quantified. Our study identifies strategies for improved stewardship of antibiotics to prevent the proliferation of resistant pathogens by assessing the level of antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and consumption behaviors by region, gender, age, and education in rural and urban Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 communities in the urban Greater Accra and rural Upper West regions of Ghana. A questionnaire survey was administered to 400 individuals aged 18 years and older in selected locations during September-October 2018 to gather data on individual knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate the association between demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitudes, and related behaviors. Results Over 30% (125/400) had not received a doctor’s prescription during their last illness. Seventy percent (278/400) had taken at least one antibiotic in the year prior to the survey. The top five frequently used antibiotics were Amoxicillin , Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid , Ampicillin , Ciprofloxacin , and Metronidazole . Women and older adults had higher knowledge compared to their respective counterparts (p<0.01). Furthermore, prudent antibiotic use was significantly more prevalent in women than men (p<0.05). Although no regional differences were found in overall knowledge, compared to urban residents, individuals residing in rural settings exhibited higher knowledge about the ineffectiveness of antibiotics for viruses like the cold and HIV/AIDS (p<0.001). Two hundred and fifty-two (63%) respondents were unaware of antibiotic resistance. There was generally a low level of self-efficacy among participants regarding their role in preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics. Conclusion Antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, and use varied significantly across demographics, suggesting a context-specific approach to developing effective community interventions.

scholarly journals Faktor – faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Akseptor KB Suntik

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Widyaningsih ◽  
Isfaizah Isfaizah
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang banyak ditemukan pada masyarakat saat ini salah satunya adalah hipertensi yang diawali pre-hipertensi. World Health Organization (WHO) mencatat pada tahun 2012 sedikitnya 839 juta kasus hipertensi, diperkirakan menjadi 1,15 milyar pada tahun 2025 atau sekitar 29% dari total penduduk dunia, dimana penderitanya lebih banyak pada wanita (30%) dibanding pria (29%).  Beberapa faktor risiko lain juga berkontribusi terhadap kenaikan tekanan darah pada wanita, diantaranya riwayat hipertensi, karakteristik seseorang (usia, jenis kelamin, ras), gaya hidup yang di dalamnya termasuk pola konsumsi lemak dan garam tinggi, makan secara berlebihan hingga mengakibatkan obesitas, kebiasaan merokok dan minum alkohol, kurang konsumsi sayuran dan buah, aktivitas fisik, pekerjaan, kualitas tidur, konsumsi kopi, stress, penggunaan alat kontrasepsi hormonal, status gizi dan obesitas sentral.  Perubahan tekanan darah tinggi dapat terjadi pada 5% pemakaian kontrasepsi hormonal. Tekanan darah akan meningkat secara bertahap dan tidak akan menetap. Wanita yang memakai kontrasepsi selama 5 tahun atau lebih, frekuensi perubahan tekanan darah tinggi meningkat 2 sampai 3 kali dari pada tidak memakai alat kontrasepsi hormonal. Resiko terjadinya tekanan darah tinggi akan meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur, lama pemakaian kontrasepsi dan bertambahnya berat badan.  Berdasarkan uraian di atas, peneliti tertarik melakukkan penelitian tentang.  Faktor – faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Akseptor KB Suntik.  Penelitian ini merupakan analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional study dengan teknik pengambilan sampel accidental sampling dan uji chi square pada analisa datanya.

scholarly journals Proficiency, Attitudes, and Practices in Breastfeeding of Participants in a Pediatric Congress

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cynthia Francisca Xavier Costa de Assis Silva ◽  
Maria do Carmo Barros de Melo ◽  
Roberto Gomes Chaves ◽  
Maria Cândida Ferrarez Bouzada
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: To investigate the proficiency, practices, and attitudes about breastfeeding of participants in a Pediatrics Congress. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which an online questionnaire was applied, using a specific QRcode, for each study participant, in June 2018. The questions were formulated according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Among the 39 questions, 13 identified the profile of the participants, 19 questions assessed the proficiency in breastfeeding and 7 questions the practices and attitudes. Results: Responses to 296 questionnaires were evaluated, 62.5% of which were health professionals and 37.5% were undergraduate health students. In assessing proficiency, the global average did not reach the expected minimum of 70%. But the highest proficiency averages were found among health professionals (p: 0.0136), among professionals with more recent degrees (p <0.0001), and those who performed most of their activity in the public sector (p: 0.018). 77% of health professionals and 73% of students assessed attitudes and practices about breastfeeding as appropriate. Conclusion: The low proficiency in the population studied points to the need for periodic training of professionals in breastfeeding and greater emphasis on undergraduate curricula in the health area on the subject.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KEPATUHAN IBU HAMIL DALAM MENGKONSUMSI TABLET ZAT BESI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MUARA DUA KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Anita Marlina
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Health Organization

<p>Berdasarkan data <em>World Health Organization</em> (WHO) 2005, kejadian anemiapada ibu hamil setiap tahunnya tahunnya mencapai lebih dari 500.000 orang. Laporan dari Dunia menyebutkan bahwa frekuensi anemia dalam kehamilan cukup tinggi, terutama di Negara-negara berkembang berkisar 10-22%. Menurut data dari Dinas Kesehatan Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, jumlah ibu hamil di wilayah Kota Lhokseumawe sebesar 4.253 jiwa, sedangkan ibu hamil yang anemia sebesar 154 jiwa (3,62 %). Dari hasil penelitian dari beberapa puskesmas di wilayah Kota Lhokseumawe, bahwa Puskesmas Muara Dua yang masih banyak ibu hamil yang mengalami Anemia.  Berdasarkan data Puskesmas Muara dua Kota Lhokseumawe jumlah ibu hamil 1.786 jiwa dan ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia sebesar 57 orang (3,19%). Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mendapat gambaran Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Ibu Hamil Dalam Mengkonsumsi Tablet Zat Besi Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Muara Dua Kota Lhokseumawe. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian metode survei Analitik dengan pendekatan <em>Cross Sectional Study</em>, populasi dalam penelitian ini ibu hamil yang berada dalam Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Muara Dua Kota Lhokseumawe, yaitu berjumlah 72 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil yang berada diwilayah Puskesmas Muara Dua, dan pernah mendapatkan tablet besi. Teknik yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dengan menggunakan kriteria inklusi. Analisis data<strong> </strong>menggunakan uji <em>Chi-square Test</em> dengan kemaknaan 95 %. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan frekuensi usia dengan kepatuhan berada pada kategori reproduksi sehat (72,2%), frekuensi pekerjaan dengan kepatuhan berada pada kategori tidak bekerja (65,3%), frekuensi pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan berada pada kategori cukup (75%). Ini menunjukkan ada hubungan antara usia, pekerjaan, dan pengetahuan. Kesimpulan hasil uji statistik <em>Chi-square </em>diketahui nilai tersebut lebih kecil dari alpha (p ≤ 0,05), maka Ha diterima.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci</strong>       : Ibu Hamil, Kepatuhan, Zat Besi.</p>

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance and usage, a survey on the knowledge, attitude and practices among the medical students of a southern Indian teaching hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1083
Author(s):  
Swathi Ratnam Regidi ◽  
Billa S. B. Mallika
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Examining the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the medical students regarding antibiotic resistance (ABR) and use can help us in devising suitable educational interventions for them, tailored according to their earlier held knowledge, beliefs, capabilities and experience.Methods: A cross sectional, questionnaire based survey was conducted among medical students of a teaching hospital, whereby their KAP regarding antibiotic use and resistance was assessed by using a questionnaire, whose responses ranged from ‘agree’ to ‘disagree,’ ‘always to never’ and true / false. The data was analysed by using simple descriptive statistics. Wherever it was relevant, the Chi-square test was used to determine any significant difference.Results: The number of medical students who agreed that ABR was an important and a serious public health issue in this teaching hospital was 76 percent (n = 325). But, only 54.3% (n = 233) of the students were aware that bacteria were not responsible for causing cold and flu, while the remaining 37.2 percent (n = 22) were not knowledgeable about this fact. More than 80% rated the adverse effect profile of the antibiotic and the risk of a super infection as the important factors which deserved consideration. Cost of the antibiotic was considered to be an important factor deserving consideration by only 65.5% (n=277) of the participants.Conclusions: Our survey revealed that most of the students were aware of the antimicrobial resistance and its consequences. The only concern was their casual attitude regarding the antibiotic use. Further educational interventions are necessary to improve their understanding and perceptions on antibiotic resistance, as well as their attitude towards antibiotic use.

scholarly journals Is COVID-19 a Disease of Poverty: The Relationship Between Food Insecurity and the Likelihood of Hospitalization in Patients with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
mohammad ariya ◽  
Jalal Karimi ◽  
Somayeh Abolghasemi ◽  
Zeinab Hematdar ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the Corona pandemic as a public health emergency. This pandemic affects the main pillars of food security. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between food insecurity and the probability of hospitalization and the length of the recovery period after getting COVID-19.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed through the census on COVID-19 patients diagnosed in Fasa, Iran. Informed consent, demographic, and food security questionnaire were completed over the phone. Then, all patients were followed up until recovery. Data were analyzed using SPSS26 and Chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression (P> 0.05).Results: In this study, 219 COVID-19 patients [100 (54.7%) male and 119 female (54.3%)] with a mean age of 40.05±15.54 years old were examined. Possibility of hospitalization and the length of the recovery period of more than one month was significantly longer in the food insecure group (P = 0.001) and (P = 0.76), respectively, but the mean length of hospital stay in the two groups was not significantly different (P = 0.76). After adjusting for all confounding variables, people with food insecurity were 3.9 times more likely to be hospitalized than those with food security. Conclusions: We observed that food-insecure people were significantly more likely to be hospitalized than the secure group.

scholarly journals Food insecurity arises the likelihood of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ariya ◽  
Jalal Karimi ◽  
Somayeh Abolghasemi ◽  
Zeinab Hematdar ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the Corona pandemic as a public health emergency. This pandemic affects the main pillars of food security. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between food insecurity and the probability of hospitalization and the length of the recovery period after getting COVID-19. The cross-sectional study was performed through the census on COVID-19 patients diagnosed in Fasa, Iran. Informed consent, demographic, and food security questionnaire were completed over the phone. Then, all patients were followed up until recovery. Data were analyzed using SPSS26 and Chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression (P < 0.05). In this study, 219 COVID-19 patients [100 (54.7%) male and 119 (54.3%) female] with a mean age of 40.05 ± 15.54 years old were examined. Possibility of hospitalization and the length of the recovery period of more than one month was significantly longer in the food-insecure group (P = 0.001) and (P = 0.37), respectively, but the mean length of hospital stay in the two groups was not significantly different (P = 0.76). After adjusting for all confounding variables, people with food insecurity were 3.9 times more likely to be hospitalized than those with food security. Overall, we observed that food-insecure people were significantly more likely to be hospitalized than the secure group.

scholarly journals Hubungan Durasi Penggunaan Smartphone Terhadap Perkembangan Psikologis Sosial Anak Usia 06-08 Tahun Di SDN 01 Poasia Kecamatan Poasia Kota Kendari

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Anisa Purnamasari ◽  
Lisnawati ◽  
Sari Arie Lestari ◽  
Sitti Masriwati ◽  
Nazaruddin
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Penggunaan smarthphone di Indonesia menunjukkan angka yang semakin meningkat, data yang diperoleh dari Portal Techin Asia sampai dengan saat ini sudah mencapai 15 juta lebih pengguna smarthphone. Hasil survey yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa penduduk Indonesia terutama anak usia dini menjadi pengguna utama smarthphone. World Health Organization melaporkan bahwa 5-25% dari anak-anak usia sekolah menderita gangguan perkembangan. Sekitar 8-9% anak usia sekolah mengalami masalah psikososial khususnya masalah social emosional seperti kecemasan, sulit beradaptasi, bersosialisasi, susah berpisah dari orang tua, anak sulit diatur, dan perilaku agresif merupakan masalah yang paling sering muncul pada anak usia sekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan durasi penggunaan smartphone terhadap perkembangan psikologis sosial Anak Sekolah di SDN 01 Poasia, Kecamatan Poasia, Kota Kendari. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh anak yang menggunakan smartphone usia 6-8 tahun yang bersekolah di SDN 01 Poasia sebanyak  315 orang dengan jumlah sampel 64 anak. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan proportional random sampling. Analisis menggunakan Uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai p value = 0.000 (X2 hitung = 13.012 > X2 tabel = 3.841), menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara durasi penggunaan smartphone terhadap perkembangan psikologis sosial pada anak usia 06-08 tahun. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu ada hubungan antara durasi penggunaan smartphone terhadap perkembangan psikologis sosial anak usia 06-08 tahun di SDN 1 Poasia Kecamatan Poasia, Kota Kendari

scholarly journals Socio-demographic factors associated with low birth weight in a tertiary care hospital of Odisha

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Pradip Kumar Bhue ◽  
Himansu Prasad Acharya ◽  
Subrat Kumar Pradhan ◽  
Pratima Biswal ◽  
Amit Pritam Swain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Health Organization

Background: World Health Organization has defined low birth weight (LBW) as birth weight less than 2,500 grams. Giving birth to a LBW infant is influenced by several factors. Objective of the study was to measure the proportion of low birth weight babies delivered in V.S.S medical college and hospital, Burla and its association with socio-demographic factors.Methods: Hospital based cross -sectional study comprising of 1030 postnatal women who delivered single live baby in V.S.S Medical College and Hospital, Burla. Selection of study participants was done by systematic random sampling in the study period October 2012 to September 2014. Chi-square test was used to measure association between LBW and socio-demographic factors.Results: The proportion of LBW was found to be 27.76%. The proportion of LBW babies was high and significant in extremes of age i.e. teenage (44.19%) and 30 years and above age group (39.56%) and Muslim mothers (36.36%), illiterate mothers (53.52 %), manual labourer (67.14%), socioeconomic class IV and V (32.98%), consanguinity history (60.58%), smoky fuel (30.02%), consumption of tobacco (49.11%).Conclusions: The proportion of LBW (27.76%) was found to be higher than national average (21.5%).

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