scholarly journals A large fibroma polyp of labia majora

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Aman Deep Raj ◽  
Murali Mohan Soma ◽  
S. P. Khajuria
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Myxoid Stroma ◽  
Labia Majora ◽  
The One

Fibroepithelial stromal polyps are benign proliferations which are usually polypoid or pedunculated, and less than 5cm in size. They are generally single lesions but can be multiple during pregnancy. They can be polypoid or pedunculated and are usually solitary. Symptoms usually include bleeding, discharge and general discomfort with sensation of a mass. They typically have a central fibrovascular core and contain stellate and multinucleated stromal cells which are best seen beneath the surface epithelium. True myxoid stroma is absent. Although vulvovaginal fibroepithelial stromal polyps are well documented, a giant variant such as the one authors report here is rather rare. To the knowledge, present case is the largest fibroepithelial stromal polyp compared to others reported in the literature.

Immunolocalisation of oestrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) in porcine embryos and fetuses at different stages of gestation

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Knapczyk ◽  
Malgorzata Duda ◽  
Bozena Szafranska ◽  
Katarzyna Wolsza ◽  
Grzegorz Panasiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Luminal Epithelium ◽  
Oestrogen Receptors ◽  
Efferent Ductules ◽  
Fetal Organs ◽  
Umbilical Cords ◽  
Porcine Tissues

The sites of oestrogen action can be shown by the localisation of their receptors in the target tissues. The aim of the present study was to show the localisation of oestrogen receptors in porcine embryos and fetuses obtained on days 18, 22, 32, 40, 50, 60, 71 and 90 post coitum (p.c.). The visualisation of proteins was conducted in embryos and various fetal organs such as gonads, uterus, lung, kidney, intestine and adrenal gland. Both ERs were observed in the blastocysts on day 18 p.c. In the male, ERβ was detected in the testis and epididymis, whereas ERα was present in the efferent ductules. In the female, ERβ was detected in the ovarian stromal cells investing the oocyte nests, while ERα protein was detected in the surface epithelium. In the uterus, ERs were present in the stromal cells, while ERβ was present in the luminal epithelium. In the non-reproductive fetal porcine tissues ERβ was localised in the lungs, kidneys, adrenal glands and in the umbilical cords. Both ERs were observed in the intestine. It is possible that ERβ may play important roles in the development of the adrenal gland, testis, kidney and lungs, while both ERs are involved in the development of the ovary, uterus, epididymis and intestine of the porcine fetus.

scholarly journals The Role of p53 Dysfunction in Colorectal Cancer and Its Implication for Therapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2296
Author(s):  
Maurice Michel ◽  
Leonard Kaps ◽  
Annett Maderer ◽  
Peter R. Galle ◽  
Markus Moehler
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
P53 Mutations ◽  
The One ◽  
Immunosuppressive Cells ◽  
And Personalized Medicine ◽  
Therapy Treatment

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. The carcinogenesis of CRC is based on a stepwise accumulation of mutations, leading either to an activation of oncogenes or a deactivation of suppressor genes. The loss of genetic stability triggers activation of proto-oncogenes (e.g., KRAS) and inactivation of tumor suppression genes, namely TP53 and APC, which together drive the transition from adenoma to adenocarcinoma. On the one hand, p53 mutations confer resistance to classical chemotherapy but, on the other hand, they open the door for immunotherapy, as p53-mutated tumors are rich in neoantigens. Aberrant function of the TP53 gene product, p53, also affects stromal and non-stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts together with other immunosuppressive cells become valuable assets for the tumor by p53-mediated tumor signaling. In this review, we address the manifold implications of p53 mutations in CRC regarding therapy, treatment response and personalized medicine.

scholarly journals Elevated Periimplantation Uterine Natural Killer Cell Density in Human Endometrium Is Associated With Impaired Corticosteroid Signaling in Decidualizing Stromal Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 4429-4437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Kuroda ◽  
Radha Venkatakrishnan ◽  
Sean James ◽  
Sandra Šućurović ◽  
Biserka Mulac-Jericevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Unk Cell ◽  
Uterine Natural Killer

Background: Decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) profoundly up-regulate 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1), the enzyme that converts inert cortisone to active cortisol. We postulated that the induction of a cortisol gradient upon decidualization of the periimplantation endometrium may impact on the uterine natural killer (uNK) cell population and on local expression of corticosteroid-dependent target genes. Methods: Midluteal endometrial biopsies (n = 55) were processed for uNK cell (CD56) analysis and primary HESC cultures. The cultures remained either untreated or were decidualized for 4 or 8 days. A tissue microarray was constructed from endometria with normal (n = 18) and elevated uNK cell (n = 18) scores. An abnormal uNK cell test was defined as greater than 5% CD56+ cells in the subluminal stroma. Results: Increased uNK cell density was associated with lower endometrial expression of 11βHSD1 and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) but not glucocorticoid receptor in vivo. Elevated uNK cell density also corresponded to impaired induction of key decidual markers (11βHSD1, prolactin, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1) and MR-dependent enzymes (dehydrogenase/reductase member 3 and retinol saturase) in differentiating HESC cultures. Increased uNK cell density in vivo was not associated with increased in vitro expression of either IL-15 or IL-11, two cytokines implicated in uNK cell regulation. Conclusions: Elevated levels of uNK cells in the stroma underlying the surface epithelium are associated with inadequate cortisol biosynthesis by resident decidualizing cells and suboptimal induction of key MR-dependent enzymes involved in lipid biogenesis and the retinoid transport pathway. Our observations suggest that uNK cell testing identifies those women at risk of reproductive failure due to relative uterine cortisol deficiency.

scholarly journals Role of ex vivo Expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Determining Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Crippa ◽  
Ludovica Santi ◽  
Margherita Berti ◽  
Giada De Ponti ◽  
Maria Ester Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Paracrine Factors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Bm Niche ◽  
The One

Overall, the human organism requires the production of ∼1 trillion new blood cells per day. Such goal is achieved via hematopoiesis occurring within the bone marrow (BM) under the tight regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) homeostasis made by the BM microenvironment. The BM niche is defined by the close interactions of HSPCs and non-hematopoietic cells of different origin, which control the maintenance of HSPCs and orchestrate hematopoiesis in response to the body’s requirements. The activity of the BM niche is regulated by specific signaling pathways in physiological conditions and in case of stress, including the one induced by the HSPC transplantation (HSCT) procedures. HSCT is the curative option for several hematological and non-hematological diseases, despite being associated with early and late complications, mainly due to a low level of HSPC engraftment, impaired hematopoietic recovery, immune-mediated graft rejection, and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in case of allogenic transplant. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are key elements of the BM niche, regulating HSPC homeostasis by direct contact and secreting several paracrine factors. In this review, we will explore the several mechanisms through which MSCs impact on the supportive activity of the BM niche and regulate HSPC homeostasis. We will further discuss how the growing understanding of such mechanisms have impacted, under a clinical point of view, on the transplantation field. In more recent years, these results have instructed the design of clinical trials to ameliorate the outcome of HSCT, especially in the allogenic setting, and when low doses of HSPCs were available for transplantation.

scholarly journals Prion (PrPC) expression in ovine uteroplacental tissues increases after estrogen treatment of ovariectomized ewes and during early pregnancy

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Lynn Johnson ◽  
Anna T Grazul-Bilska ◽  
Lawrence P Reynolds ◽  
Dale A Redmer
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Estrogen Stimulation ◽  
Estradiol 17Β ◽  
Luminal Epithelial Cells

Scrapie in sheep is spread laterally by placental transmission of an infectious misfolded form (PrPSc) of a normal prion protein (PrPC) used as a template in PrPSc formation. We hypothesized that PrPC would be expressed in uterine and placental tissues and estradiol-17β (E2) would affect uterine PrPC expression. PrPC expression was evaluated in the uterus of long-term ovariectomized (OVX) ewes treated with an E2implant for 2–24 h and in uteroplacental tissues from day 20 to day 30 of pregnancy. Expression ofPrPCmRNA and PrPC protein increased in the uterus after E2treatment of OVX ewes. In the maternal placenta, expression ofPrPCmRNA and PrPC protein were unchanged, but in the fetal membranes (FM)PrPCmRNA and PrPC protein expression increased from day 20 to day 28. In the nonpregnant uterus, PrPC protein was immunolocalized at apical borders of the surface epithelium, in outer smooth muscle layers of large blood vessels, and in scattered stromal cells of the deep intercaruncular areas of the uterus. In the maternal placenta, PrPC protein was immunolocalized in the cytoplasm of flattened luminal epithelial cells apposed to the FM, whereas in the FM PrPC protein was in trophoblast cells and was also in several tissues of the developing embryo during early pregnancy. These data linking estrogen stimulation to increases in PrPC expression in uteroplacental tissues suggest that PrPC has a specific function during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Future studies should determine whether or not estrogen influences PrPC expression in other tissues, such as the nervous system and brain.

Aggressive Angiomyxoma of Childhood: Two Unusual Cases Developed in the Scrotum

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Seong Kim ◽  
Sung-Hye Park ◽  
Je Geun Chi
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumor ◽  
Aggressive Angiomyxoma ◽  
Female Pelvis ◽  
Scrotal Mass ◽  
Myxoid Stroma ◽  
Skin Adnexa ◽  
Cut Surface

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a locally invasive soft tissue tumor and is predominantly found in the female pelvis and perineum. The incidence of AAM in adult and adolescent males is low, and is very rare in male children. However, two cases of AAM occurred in the scrotum of 8-year-old and 1-year-old boys. Grossly, both tumors were ill-delineated nodules showing myxoid homogenous and lobulated cut surface. The scrotum of case 2 was replaced by the exuberant mass, making a polypoid appearance. On microscopic examination, both had hypocellular myxoid stroma, spindle and stellate stromal cells, and blood vessels of various calibers. Both lesions typically showed infiltrating borders and penetrated into skin adnexa and Dartos' muscle fibers. AAM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a scrotal mass found in childhood.

scholarly journals Crosstalk Between Trophoblast and Macrophage at the Maternal-Fetal Interface: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinli Ding ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xiaopeng Cai ◽  
Lianghui Diao ◽  
Chaogang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The One ◽  
Maternal Fetal Interface

The immune tolerance microenvironment is crucial for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy at the maternal-fetal interface. The maternal-fetal interface is a complex system containing various cells, including lymphocytes, decidual stromal cells, and trophoblasts. Macrophages are the second-largest leukocytes at the maternal-fetal interface, which has been demonstrated to play essential roles in remodeling spiral arteries, maintaining maternal-fetal immune tolerance, and regulating trophoblast’s biological behaviors. Many researchers, including us, have conducted a series of studies on the crosstalk between macrophages and trophoblasts at the maternal-fetal interface: on the one hand, macrophages can affect the invasion and migration of trophoblasts; on the other hand, trophoblasts can regulate macrophage polarization and influence the state of the maternal-fetal immune microenvironment. In this review, we systemically introduce the functions of macrophages and trophoblasts and the cell-cell interaction between them for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Advances in this area will further accelerate the basic research and clinical translation of reproductive medicine.

scholarly journals The Ontogeny of Chicken Bursal Stromal Cells Defined by Monoclonal Antibodies

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor J. Wilson ◽  
Richard L. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Ontogenic Development ◽  
Tunica Propria

Molecules expressed on lymphoid stromal cells influence the differentiation of lymphocytes. We have examined the expression of stromal markers, identified by monoclonal antibodies, in the chicken bursa of Fabricius during ontogenic development. These results are also consistent with the hypothesis that medullary secretory cells are of mesenchymal origin, whereas the basement membrane-associated and some medullary epithelium are derived from the endoderm. Our results have demonstrated the complexity of bursal stromal development with determinants expressed on the adult medullary stellate cells (e.g., MUI-57 and 62) and cortical macrophages (e.g., MUI-66 and 72) detected on the early em.bryonic tunica propria (e.g., MUI-57, 66 and 72) or surface epithelium (e.g., MUI-62 and 66). In addition, we provide preliminary evidence regarding potential functions of these molecules in stem cell colonization (MUI-52), early B-cell differentiation (e.g., MUI-72), late bursal B-cell development (MUI-69 and 71) and the follicle-associated epithelium transport mechanism (MUI-61 and 73).

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