scholarly journals Sociodemographic characSociodemographic characteristics and assessment of severity in organophosphorus poisoning in a tertiary care hospitalteristics and assessment of severity in Organophosphorous poisoning in a Tertiary care hospital

Author(s):  
Sidhart Timsinha ◽  
Rajesh K. Shah ◽  
Suvarna M. Kar

Background: In Nepal pesticide poisoning is a common problem and organophosphorus poisoning (OP) is the most common form of acute poisoning responsible for majority of deaths. However, sufficient data is still lacking from Western region of Nepal. The present study analysed the sociodemographic factors of OP poisoning cases, the association of severity based on admission clinical score (POP scale) and lag time with mortality.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in patients of organophosphorus poisoning, admitted to our casualty ward during a period of one-year June 2015 to 2016.Results: In this study incidence of OP poisoning was more in females 51 (65.38%) compared to males 27 (34.46%). The commonest age group involved in poisoning was 21-30 years 30 (38.4%). Housewives 32 (41.02%) were the commonest victims of poisoning. Incidence was high during rainy season 34 (43.58%) and mainly during late hours 27 (34.61%) of the day. Majority 24 (30.76%) cases reached hospital within 2 hours of poison intake. Methyl parathion (Metacid) 24 (30.76%) was the commonest OP compound consumed by the victims. Suicide 62 (79.48%) was the main motive of poison intake and financial problem (37.17%) was the main reason behind poison ingestion. In majority of the cases the sign and symptoms were mild (80.76%) in severity. In this study majority of the victims survived (9.30%) with prompt and appropriate treatment.Conclusions: The numbers of OP poisoning cases are increasing every year and poisoning is seen commonly in younger age groups. Therefore, strict legislature on the availability of OP compounds, preventive measures and appropriate health education should be introduced to decrease the incidence.

Author(s):  
Devi Revathi ◽  
Sathvika Reddy ◽  
Lakshmi Prasanna V ◽  
Aruna C Ramesh

Objective: Poisoning is a growing health-care burden in developing countries like India. Predicting the nature of the intention behind poisoning and type of poisoning agent involved will help in facilitating appropriate treatment measures, hence, improving the patient’s quality of life.Methods: The prospective, observational study was conducted in a tertiary care multispecialty hospital for 6 months from November 2016 to April 2017 and involved a total of 133 patients. Treatment and outcomes of the patients were collected, documented in a data collection form. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were applied.Results: The mean age of the study participants was 27.76±15.5 with predominance seen in age groups of <30 years (59.3%), females (52.6%), and married (49.6%). Intentional poisoning (69.1%) through oral ingestion (81.2%) of medications (51.6%) in solid forms (60.2%) was predominant. Patients presenting with systemic manifestations (70.4%) arrived in a time duration >1 h (66.2%), received first aid (62.4%), and supportive care (52.7%). Higher ingestion of physical forms was significantly observed in both single (OR: 4.5) and married (OR: 3). The outcomes were correlated with poison severity score and patients with mild symptoms recovered (60.9%).Conclusion: The use of medicines for intentional poisoning continues to be rampant in younger age groups and married individuals. Educational programs with more accentuation on the data regarding toxic substances along with preventive measures are to be implemented to make mindfulness among the overall population.


2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 011-014
Author(s):  
RANA MUHAMMAD ADNAN ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ZIA ◽  
JAHANZAIB AMIN ◽  
Rafya Khan ◽  
Saleem Ahmed ◽  
...  

Background: To compare the frequency of various types of fractures of femur in patients less than and more than 40 years ofage in a tertiary care hospital. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Emergency department. Period: January 2009 to April 2011.Method: A total of 1756 patients were divided into two groups with respect to age. Then they were further categorized according to the part offemur involved, and compared in both age groups. Results: The study was conducted on a total number of 1756 patients over a period of 2 yearsfrom 2009 to 2011. 51.1% patients were less than 40 years of age and 48.9% patients were more than 40 years of age. In patients more than 40years of age, pertrochanteric fracture was most common (86.40%). In patients less than 40 years of age, mid shaft of femur was most commonregion involved (87.02%). Conclusions: The incidence of proximal femur fractures is high in elderly patients because of several factors likeosteoporosis, visual impairment and cognitive disability. Whereas incidence of fractures of mid-shaft of femur is more common in youngpatients.


2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (227) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Thapa ◽  
Bishwa Raj Dawadi ◽  
Anup Raj Upreti

Introduction: Acute poisoning is a major global public health problem contributing to one of theleading causes for a visit to an emergency department. This study aims to analyse the demographicand psychosocial characteristics of patients with acute poisoning presented to the emergencydepartment. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital fromJune to December 2019 after obtaining ethical approval from Institutional review board (referencenumber. 041-075/0760). A convenient sampling method was applied. Epidemiological factors, typesof poison consumed, reason, motive, and place to take poison, time elapse in the presentation to thehospital were studied. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for the social sciencesversion 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency andproportion for binary data. Results: Out of 76 cases of acute poisoning, the organophosphorus poisoning was 18 (23.7%) followedby unknown 12 (15.8). Of total, 28 (36.8%) had quarrel before taking poison and 41 (53.9 %) hadintention to commit suicide. Sixty-seven (88.2%) took a poison at home. The average elapsed time tothe visit of the emergency department was 110±80 minutes.   Conclusions: The most common poisoning was organophosphorus with a suicide being the mostcommon intention. Quarrel was the most frequent reason to take poison and the home was the mostcommon place to take poison.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Abhijit Kherde ◽  
Chaitanya R. Patil ◽  
Jyotsna Deshmukh ◽  
Prithvi B. Petkar

Background: Under nutrition is a global public health problem. There are numerous methods of assessment of malnutrition among which CIAF is the most recent, relatively robust since it envisages all the parameters for estimation of nutritional status of the children. So, this study was conducted to find the rates of composite index of anthropometric failure in the children attending the Immunoprophylaxis clinic in a tertiary care hospital of Nagpur and to find associations with the socio demographic variables.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Immunoprophylaxis clinic of a tertiary care institute in Nagpur from September 2016 to January 2017. The study subjects were the children attending the OPD of Immunoprophylaxis clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Necessary permissions were taken before the start of the study. Data was collected using pretested and pre-designed questionnaire. Height and weight were measured using standard guidelines and categorized into groups of CIAF as described by Nandy et al.Results: A total of 460 study subjects were enrolled in the study. The mean age group of the study subjects was 2.47±1.56 years. According to the grades of CIAF, 48.51% were having no failure. Age and gender were factors which were associated with failure status by CIAF.Conclusions: We found high rates of anthropometric failure in our study. The age groups less than 3 years had higher odds of being in failure when compared to more than 3 years age. Further, males had higher odds of being into failure when compared to females. Community based studies are recommended.


2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (244) ◽  
pp. 1267-1271
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Shah ◽  
Sidarth Timsinha ◽  
Sanjib Kumar Sah

Introduction: Acute pesticide poisoning is a significant global public health issue that contributes to one of the leading causes of emergency department visits. There is no national data on the incidence of acute pesticide poisoning or the pesticides that cause deaths. The purpose of this study is to find the prevalence of pesticide poisoning among patients who presented to the emergency department with acute poisoning. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study undertaken in a tertiary care hospital from April to September 2021 among patients who presented to the emergency department with acute poisoning. Ethical clearance was obtained from (reference number: 123/2077-78). Convenient sampling was done. Sociodemographic factors, types of poison consumed, route of consumption, reason, motive, and place of poison intake, time elapse in the presentation to the hospital were studied along with psychological factors associated with poisoning. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. Point estimate at 90% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 85 cases studied, the prevalence of pesticide poisoning was 60 (70.58%) (61.28-79.88 at 90% Confidence Interval). Insecticides 41 (68.33%) was mainly responsible for poisoning with organophosphate compounds 33 (42.30%), being the commonest chemical constituent. Fifty-three (88.33 %) incidents occurred at home. Domestic disputes 26 (43.33%) were the main reason behind poison consumption and suicide 43 (71.66%) was the main motive. Conclusions: The prevalence of pesticide poisoning among all cases of poisoning presenting to the emergency department was slightly higher than studies done earlier in similar settings.


2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Kadam ◽  
Shashi Chiplonkar ◽  
Anuradha Khadilkar ◽  
Vaman Khadilkar

AbstractObjectiveTo assess knowledge of osteoporosis and its risk factors and to explore associations between knowledge and various sociodemographic factors in Indian adults.DesignCross-sectional study. The Revised Osteoporosis Knowledge Test (OKT) was used to assess knowledge of osteoporosis. Four scores (OKT-total, range 0–32; OKT-exercise, range 0–20; OKT-nutrition, range 0–26; OKT-risk factors, range 0–14) were generated by giving 1 point to every correct answer and 0 points for incorrect or ‘not known’ answers.SettingTertiary-care hospital in Pune city, India.ParticipantsAdults aged 40–75 years (n477; 234 males) enrolled through voluntary routine health checks and health camps.ResultsMean age of the study population was 54·6 (sd9·5) years. Half the participants were aware of osteoporosis and could correctly define it. Women showed significantly higher median OKT-total and OKT-nutrition scores than men (P&lt;0·05). Those with higher education and higher socio-economic status had significantly higher scores in both men and women (P&lt;0·05). All four scores were significantly higher in both men and women who could correctly define osteoporosis (P&lt;0·05). All four scores were significantly higher in women with a family history of osteoporosis (P&lt;0·05) but not in men (P&gt;0·1).ConclusionsUnderstanding about osteoporosis and its risk factors is low in the present cohort of Indian men and women. There is need to create awareness programmes aimed at both men and women especially targeting those with lower education, lower socio-economic status and no previous exposure to osteoporosis.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Srijana Thapa Godar

Background: Refractive error is one of the most common causes of the visual impairment and second leading cause of treatable blindness. The objective of the study was to determine the mag­nitude of refractive errors in children. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted on 254 children attending Ophthalmology OPD of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. The children whose visual acuity was worse than 6/6 but improved with pinhole were included in this study. Vision test, retinoscopy and subjective refraction was done in all subjects and cycloplegic refraction was done when needed. Statistical analysis was carried out using Epi-info version 7. Results: The commonest type of refractive error was astigmatism (46.06%) followed by myopia (42.31%). Majority of children had low grade of refractive errors (46.85%). Among the children, “with the rule astigmatism” was maximum (27.56%). Majority of children were in the age between 11 to 15 years (77.95%). The refractive error was seen more in female (63.78%). Among the chil­dren of refractive errors, 29.13% had family history, 33.46% had given the history of wearing spec­tacles and 10.24% children had amblyopia. There was statistically significant association between refractive errors and age groups, history of wearing spectacles, amblyopia and grading of refractive errors. However, there was no statistically significant association of refractive error with gender, residence and family history. Conclusions: Astigmatism was the common type of refractive error followed by myopia. This study emphasizes the importance of detection of refractive error in children.


Author(s):  
Arup Chakraborty ◽  
Mousumi Datta ◽  
Debjani Guchhait ◽  
Shibaji Gupta

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccination in India started in 2006 with SA-14-14-2 live attenuated JE vaccine (JEV) following large outbreaks of JE in some districts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in 2005. Age groups 1-15 yrs are first vaccinated with a single dose of JEV in a campaign mode followed by integration of this vaccine in routine immunization. It is beyond doubt that added to vaccination campaigns, proper awareness on JE can play significant role in controlling the disease.Methods: An observational study with cross sectional design was conducted in Kolkata Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata during JE Vaccination campaign during January, 2018 among 85 respondents, to assess the awareness on JE, among care-givers who brought their children for vaccination at the immunization clinic.Results: It was found that only 37.6% the respondents attending the campaign knew the name of the disease; 17.6% respondents were aware about disease transmission, and 5.9% could state two or more clinical features that might be associated with Japanese Encephalitis. 69.4% had no knowledge of up to what age JE vaccines can be administered; 23.5% said it can be administered till the beneficiaries attain fifteen years of age.Conclusions: IEC activities during JE vaccination campaign was not able raise awareness on JE to the desired level. However beneficiaries were informed about service availability and could be mobilised to come for vaccination.


Author(s):  
Sandeep Sitaram Kadu ◽  
Shamkumar U Burungale ◽  
Amrut Arun Swami

Background: Every year, 3 million cases of pesticide, mainly O.P. poisoning, occurs all over the world. Therefore, statistics regarding O.P. poisoning in a specific region will aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of cases. The main objective of this research project is to find out the pattern of O.P. poisoning cases at the tertiary care center. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study, in which we analyzed data from 40 cases of O.P. poisoning, including patient information regarding gender, age, time of ingestion, type of poison, mode of poisoning, any first aid received, treatment given, duration of hospital stay and outcome of the treatment. Results: There were 16 females (40%) and 24 males (60%). The most common age group was 21 to 40 years, with 19 participants (47.50%). The majority of the participants were from the rural area, 38 cases (95%), while in 36 cases, the poisoning was suicidal (90%). 28 participants (70%) received some form of first aid. In addition, 21 of the participants received Atropine (52.50%), 13 received only gastric lavage (32.50%), 5 received both Atropine and Pralidoxime (12.50%), while one patient only received Pralidoxime (2.5%) as treatment. I.C.U. admission was required in 39 participants (97.50%), and ventilatory support was required in 2 participants (5%). Our study observed 4 deaths (10%) amongst our participants. The multivariate analysis of deaths in our study showed that specifically not receiving any first aid (p = 0.039) and requirement of the ventilator (p<0.001) were seen to have a significant association with deaths in our study. Conclusion: O.P. poisoning is the commonest cause of suicidal deaths in developing countries. Creating awareness regarding O.P. poisoning and legislative action on using hazardous poisons will help reduce the deaths.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document