scholarly journals Morphologic and morphometric analysis of glenoid cavity of human scapula

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Manisha S. Raaj ◽  
Christilda Felicia ◽  
Sundarapandian S. ◽  
Ashma K. A.
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Shoulder Prosthesis ◽  
Glenoid Component ◽  
Glenoid Cavity ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oval Shape

Background: To study the morphometry and morphology of glenoid cavity of dried scapula bone and in CT scan of glenoid cavity. The present study aimed at calculating three dimensions i.e. vertical diameter, horizontal diameter of the upper segment and horizontal diameter of the lower segment of the glenoid cavity and describing the incidence of its different shapes.Methods: This study was done on 100 dry, unpaired adult human scapulae of unknown sex. 50 scapulae belongs to right side and 50 scapulae belongs to left side obtained from Department of Anatomy, SRM Medical College and Research Institute. The above mentioned diameters are measured using Vernier caliper and the mean dimensions are calculated, morphological variations are studied. 3D CT images of scapulae, obtained from Department of Radiology, SRM Medical college and Hospital, Potheri, were also analysed.Results: In the current study, various dimensions and incidence of various shapes of glenoid cavity were measured. The incidence of both pear and inverted comma shape in right side is greater than in left whereas the incidence of oval shape in left side is greater than right side. The SI diameter of right glenoid is greater than the left, which is statistically significant. The Antero-posterior diameters (AP-1, AP-2, AP-3) of right glenoid is greater than the left, but not statistically significant.Conclusions: The knowledge of the above said variations of glenoid cavity is important in manufacturing the glenoid component of shoulder prosthesis, repair of Bankart’s lesion, procedures like posterior glenoid osteotomy.

scholarly journals A morphometric study of glenoid cavity and its implication in shoulder arthroplasty and prosthetic designs

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
pp. 190-194
Author(s):  
Philip Elsy Shalom ◽  
KR Dakshayani
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Shoulder Prosthesis ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Glenoid Cavity ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Fixation Devices ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Variable Morphology

Abstract Background and aims: Glenoid cavity of scapula is known for its variable morphology. The variations in the shape of glenoid cavity are due to the presence of a notch in its antero-superior part. The glenoid cavity is small and allows only a limited area for fixation devices. Knowledge of its morphology and dimensions would help in designing shoulder prosthesis for shoulder arthroplasty. Aim of current study is to determine the metrical and morphological variations [variation of shapes] of the glenoid cavity of the scapula for a better understanding and management of shoulder pathology. Materials and Method: One hundred dry scapulae of unknown sex availed from the Department of Anatomy, Mysore Medical College were studied. Varying shape of glenoid cavity based on presence of notch was also noted and measurements were taken with the digital Vernier caliper. Results: The glenoid cavity was found to occur in pear, oval, inverted comma shapes in frequency of 65.3%, 28.8%, 5.7% on right side and 62.2%, 27%, 10% on left side respectively. The mean anteroposterior diameter 1 and 2 were 24.05 ± 2.79 mm and 18.31 ± 2.36mm respectively. The mean Glenoid cavity index was 68.05 ± 4.87mm. Conclusion: The findings of the present study concurs with other studies, although there is slight difference in frequency of occurrence of shape of glenoid cavity which could be explained on the basis of ethnic and racial basis. The sound knowledge of various parameters of the glenoid cavity is important while performing shoulder arthroplasty and designing glenoid prostheses

scholarly journals Mental foramen of Human Mandible: Morphometric Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 8109-8115
Author(s):  
Ndiaye M R ◽  
◽  
Mar N B ◽  
Yacouba Garba K ◽  
Ndoye J M N ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oval Shape

Aim: The aim of our study was to perform a morphometric analysis of the mental foramen in senegalese context. Material and method: The study was performed on thirty-nine dry mandibles of adult humans. On these mandibles, the number of mental foramen present and their shape were noted on inspection. The situation of the foramen in relation to the lower teeth was studied according to a methodology already described. The following measurements were made: the distance between the foramen and the other landmarks of the mandible (symphysis, basilar border, posterior border), vertical and horizontal diameters. Results: The number of mental foramina were 39 on the right and 40 on the left: one mandible presented a double foramen on the left. The oval shape was predominant. The most frequent situation was below the second premolar on both sides. The mean distance between the foramen and the mandibular symphysis was 25mm on both sides. The distance between the foramen and the basilar border of the mandible was on average 13mm on the right and 14mm on the left. The distance between the foramen and the posterior border of the mandible was on average 72mm on the right and 73mm on the left. The average vertical diameter was 33mm on the right and 32mm on the left, and the average horizontal diameter was 4mm on both sides. Conclusion: Mental foramen is a constant anatomical structure, found on all the mandibles studied. The results can be superimposed on those described in the majority of studies carried out on the mental foramen. Key words: Mental Foramen, Mandible Anatomy, Morphometry.

scholarly journals Morphological Study of Psoas Minor Muscles with Embryological Basis and Clinical Insights

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Singh ◽  
Sneh Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Radiographic Imaging ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Posterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Minor Muscle

Introduction: The psoas group of muscles belongs to the posterior abdominal wall. The psoas minor is an inconstant, vestigial, fusiform, slender muscle. Researchers have frequently paid attention to the anatomy, morphology, frequency, of this muscle and its clinical, racial, ethnic correlation. Aim: To investigate and study the psoas minor muscle, with regard to its frequency, agenesis, origin, insertion, morphological variations, its embryological basis and clinical significance. Materials and Methods: The present observational study was conducted at Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, between December 2018 to May 2019 in the Department of Anatomy. Nine cadavers were studied during routine dissection of the posterior abdominal wall (three females and six males). The prevalence, morphology, morphometry, laterality, sexual dimorphism for psoas minor muscle was assessed. The mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the morphometric parameters were also evaluated. Results: Psoas minor muscle was present in 55.55% (5/9) cadavers. The muscle was bilateral in 22.22% (2/9) cases and unilateral in 33.33% (3/9) cases. In all the cases, the muscle took origin from the T12-L1 vertebra and the intervertebral disc. However, the muscle showed a variation in its distal attachment in one of the cadavers. The muscle was unilateral in both the female cadavers and bilateral in two male cadavers. Conclusion: The prevalence was found to be 55.55%. Knowledge about the incidence of psoas minor muscle is of significant academic interest to anatomists as well as clinicians, for diagnostic purposes (particularly in abdominal pain) and during radiographic imaging.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

Chest Trauma Evaluation and Outcome of Management in a Tertiary Hospital - One Year Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Md Mahmudul Islam ◽  
Khondkar AK Azad ◽  
Md Aminul Islam ◽  
Rivu Raj Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Chest Trauma ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tube Thoracostomy ◽  
Rib Fracture ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean

Background: Chest trauma is responsible for 50% of deaths due to trauma. This kind of death usually occurs immediately after the trauma has occurred. Various therapeutic options have been reported for management of chest injuries like clinical observation, thoracocentesis, tube thoracostomy and open thoracotomy. Objective: To observe the pattern and outcome of management in chest trauma Methods: This is an observational study carried out in Casualty department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH), Chittagong, between April 2015 to March 2016. Our study was included all patients, both sexes, following chest injury at Casualty units of Chittagong Medical College Hospital. All the data were recorded through the preformed data collection sheet and analyzed. Result: The mean age was found 37.7±18.1 years with range from 12 to 80 years. Male female ratio was 11.8:1. The mean time elapsed after trauma was found 6.1±3.1 hours with range from 1 to 72 hours. Almost one third (35.7%) patients was affecting road traffic accident followed by 42(27.3%) assault, 35(22.7%) stab injury, 15(9.7%) fall and 7(4.5%) gun shot . More than three fourth (80.5%) patients were managed by tube thoracostomy followed by 28(18.2%) observation and 2(1.3%) ventilatory support. No thoracotomy was done in emergency department. 42(27.2%) patients was found open pneumothorax followed by 41(26.6%) rib fracture, 31(20.1%) haemopneumothorax, 14(9%) simple pneumothorax, 12(7.8%) haemothorax, 6(3.9%) chest wall injury, 5(3.2%) tension pneumothorax, and 3(1.9%) flail chest. About the side of tube 60(39.0%) patients were given tube on left side followed by 57(37.0%) patients on right side, 9(5.8%) patients on both (left & right) side and 28(18.2%) patients needed no tube. Regarding the complications, 13(30%) patients had persistent haemothorax followed by 12(29%)tubes were placed outside triangle of safety, 6(13.9%) tubes were kinked, 6(13.9%) patients developed port side infection, 2(4.5%)tube was placed too shallow, 2(4.5%) patients developed empyema thoracis and 2(4.5%) patients developed bronchopleural fistula. The mean ICT removal information was found 8.8±3.6 days with range from 4 to 18 days. Reinsertion of ICT was done in 6(4.7%) patients. More than two third (68.2%) patients were recovered well, 43(27.9%) patients developed complication and 6(3.9%)patients died. More than two third (66.9%) patients had length of hospital stay 11-20 days. Conclusion: Most of the patients were in 3rd decade and male predominant. Road traffic accident and tube thoracostomy were more common. Open pneumothorax, rib fracture and haemopneumothorax were commonest injuries. Nearly one third of the patients had developed complications. Re-insertion of ICT needed almost five percent and death almost four percent. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2018) Vol. 22 (2) : 110-117

Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Krishna Chandra Devkota ◽  
S Hamal ◽  
PP Panta
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.

scholarly journals Fetal and maternal outcome following expectant management of severe pre-eclampsia remote from term

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5420
Author(s):  
Deepak A. V. ◽  
Reena R. P. ◽  
Deepa Anirudhan
Keyword(s):  
Expectant Management ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Antenatal Corticosteroids ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Difficult Decision ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Expectant management of severe preeclampsia, remote from term is often a difficult decision. Maternal and foetal complications may occur while trying to achieve a more favourable perinatal outcome. We wanted to find out the foetal and maternal outcomes of expectant management in these women.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at Government Medical College, Thrissur, India between May 2013 and April 2015. Women with severe preeclampsia remote from term, who were admitted, managed expectantly and delivered in our hospital during the study period, were recruited. The study subjects were grouped into: Group A (between 28 weeks and 31 weeks 6 days) and Group B (between 32 weeks and 33 weeks 6 days). A structured proforma was used to collect demographic and clinical details. The maternal and foetal outcomes were noted.Results: There were 4786 deliveries during the study period. Among them 76 (1.58% of total deliveries) women with severe preeclampsia between 28 weeks and 33-week 6 days gestation on expectant management were included in the study. The mean duration of expectant management was 7.92 days in group A (27 women) and 6.67 days in group B (49 women). Most women required termination of pregnancy for foetal distress (36.8%). HELLP syndrome and imminent eclampsia were the maternal complications that occurred. Perinatal loss was significantly more in Group A when compared to Group B.Conclusions: Expectant management of women with severe preeclampsia remote from term, especially between 32weeks and 33weeks 6 days, with antenatal corticosteroids and close monitoring, seems a reasonable option in developing countries.

Pituitary dimensions and volume measurements in pregnancy and post partum

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dinç ◽  
F. Esen ◽  
A. Demirci ◽  
A. Sari ◽  
H. Resit Gümele
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Normal Pituitary Gland ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Our purpose was to clarify and further characterize the changes in height, length, width, volume, and shape in the normal pituitary gland and in width in the infundibulum during pregnancy and the first 6 months post partum. Material and Methods: Cranial MR imaging was performed in 78 women who were pregnant in the second or third trimester or who were post partum, and in 18 age-matched control subjects who were not pregnant. Volume measurements were performed in 2 ways; volume 1=1/2xheightxlengthxwidth; and volume 2=area (measured by trackball)xslice thickness Results: Gland volume, height, width, length, and convexity, and infundibular width increased during pregnancy. the highest values were seen during the 3 days immediately post partum. When compared with volunteers, volumes 1 and 2 showed the largest increase (120%) among the parameters. Gland height showed the best correlation (r=0.94, p>0.00001) with gestational age. the mean height of the gland was 8.76 mm in the third trimester. None of the pregnant women had a gland height of above 10 mm during pregnancy. Only 2 subjects had gland heights of 10.04 and 10.2 mm during the 0–3 days post partum. After this first post-partum period of 3 days, the gland size, shape, and volume and the infundibular width returned to normal within 6 months Conclusion: the pituitary gland enlarges in three dimensions throughout pregnancy. During pregnancy, the volume of the gland shows the highest percentage of increase compared to its length, height, and width. the maximum height of the gland does not exceed 10 mm during pregnancy but it may exceed 10 mm during the 3 days immediately post partum.

scholarly journals Validity of the Diabetes, Hypertension and Hyperlipidaemia (DHL) Knowledge Instrument among Medical Students of Karachi

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Aleena Zehra Merchant ◽  
Muhammad Ahad Sher Khan ◽  
Arsalan Majeed Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge Levels

BACKGROUND: While there have been a number of studies on DM, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, an instrument which assesses knowledge based on all three conditions has neither been established nor authorized in Pakistan. Hence, the focus of this study was to establish a pre- tested extensive questionnaire to evaluate medical students’ understanding of DM, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and their medications for use.METHODS: A pre-validated and pre-tested DHL instrument was employed on 250 students of Dow Medical and Sindh Medical College and on 45 physicians working in a leading teaching hospital of Karachi. The DHL knowledge instrument was then distributed a second time to the very same set of students, after a period of 2 months, at the end of the foundation module, once they had received some basic formal medical education including diabetes and CVS diseases.RESULTS: The overall internal consistency for the DHL instrument failed to comply with the set standard of more than or equal to 0.7 as our results yielded Cronbach’s α of 0.6. Overall the average difficulty factor of 28 questions is 0.41, which highlighted that the instrument was moderately tough. The mean scores for all domains were substantially lower in the students section in comparison to that of the professional section, which had remarkable impact on the overall mean(SD) knowledge score (40.58 ± 14.63 vs. 63.49 ± 06.67 ; p value = 0.00).CONCLUSION: The instrument can be used to recognize people who require educational programs and keep an account of the changes with the passage of time as it could help in differentiating the knowledge levels among its participants based on their educational status.

Prevalence of Colorectal Carcinoma With Respect to Age and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3198-3199
Author(s):  
Pervez Muhammad ◽  
Sajjad Muhammad ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Amir Khan ◽  
Akhtar Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gender Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Aim: Prevalence of colorectal carcinoma with respect to age and gender Study design: Observational / cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Surgery, Post Graduate Medical Institute Lahore and Jinnah Medical College Peshawar from July, 2013 to February, 2015 Methodology: Surgical specimens of 60 histopathologically diagnosed cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma were included in this study. Age and sex were evaluated in CRC. Results: The mean±sd of age was 54.4±19.7 yrs. Out of 60 cases, 6 (10%) were between 16-29 yrs, 9 (15%) cases were between 30-49 yrs, 34 cases (56.7%) were of 50-69 yrs and 11 cases (18.33%) were of 70 yrs. Out of sixty cases, males were 33 (55%) and females were 27(45%). Conclusion: There are 34 out of 60(56.7%) patients were 50-69 years and 33 out of 60 (55%) cases were males i.e. males dominance. Keywords: Colorectal adenocarcinoma, immunohistochemistry, gender

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