A cross sectional study of prevalence of depression among patients with cerebrovascular accident

Background: Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric condition in patients with stroke. Early identification of depression for stroke patients can improve the outcome leading to better quality of life. Prevalence and determinants of post stroke depression are highly variable and there is paucity of data in Indian literature.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at neurology department of Saveetha Medical College, Chennai. All patients with history of stroke within past one month attending neurology department who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were taken up for the study after getting consent. Neurological examination and CT brain findings were noted with the site of lesion. All patients were evaluated for depression using ICD 10 criteria. MADRS score was used to assess the severity of depression. Chi square was used for statistical analysis.Results: The mean age of subjects in the study was 56.54±10.82 years. The prevalence of depression among patients with stroke in our study was 75.8%. Among classifying those with depression based on severity using MADRS score, 35% had mild depression and 65% had moderate depression. There was no severe depression in our sample. There was no statistically significant difference between prevalence of depression based on side of lesion.Conclusions: In this study the prevalence of depression among patients with cerebrovascular accident was found to be 75.8%. From this study we learn that the prevalence of depression in patients with stroke is high and this shows that regular screening of patients with stroke for depression might help in earlier detection and management of depression.

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Denver Developmental Screening Test in two-year old infants delivered by vacuum extraction

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi41.1.2001.27-32 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Meriah Sembiring ◽

Iskandar Iskandar ◽

Amir Syarifuddin ◽

Bistok Saing

Keyword(s):

Physical Examination ◽

Screening Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Developmental Screening ◽

Vacuum Extraction ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Developmental Retardation ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to determine the developmental retardation of infants of two years of age who were delivered by vacuum extraction. This cross-sectional study examined 44 infants delivered by vacuum extraction, comprising 25 males and 19 females who were born in Tembakau Deli and St. Elizabeth Hospitals, between August 1993 until February 1994. The examination included interview and physical examination in the patient's house. Chi-square statistics analysis was used with a significant level of 95% (1'=0.05). The results showed Ihat of the 44 infants delivered by vacuum extraction. 28 (32%) had had were found with mild asphyxia, while 2 infants (5%). whose mothers work as private clerk and entrepreneur, had development retardation. We concluded that there was no significant difference in development between infants delivered by vacuum extraction and those who were born spontaneously. Developmental retardation was found in infants whose mothers lack time to communicate.

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Position of lips and tongue in rest in newborns with and without ankyloglossia

CoDAS ◽

10.1590/2317-1782/20202020069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Silvia Márcia Andrade Campanha ◽

Roberta Lopes de Castro Martinelli ◽

Durval Batista Palhares

Keyword(s):

Visual Inspection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Hospital Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Purpose Verify the position of lips and tongue at rest in newborns with and without ankyloglossia. Methods Cross-sectional study, carried out with 130 newborns in University Hospital. Data collection was performed by the researcher and speech-language pathologists from the Hospital. Information on gestational age, sex, weight, height and days of life was collected. The position of the lips and tongue at rest was evaluated through visual inspection with the newborns asleep. After the newborns were awakened, Neonatal Screening of the validated Protocol for the evaluation of the lingual frenulum for infants was performed to detect the alteration of the lingual frenulum. The data obtained were described and submitted to statistical analysis using the Chi-Square test to verify the association between the position of the lips with the tongue and to compare the position of the lips and tongue with and without ankyloglossia. The Mann-Whitney test was used to verify the behavior of the variables the differed between newborns with and without ankyloglossia. The significance level of 5% was adopted. Results When comparing the data, a significant difference was found between: weight and height with and without ankyloglossia; position of lips and tongue. An association between the position of the tongue and lips with and without ankyloglossia was also found. Conclusion Newborns without alteration of the lingual frenulum have a tendency to remain with their lips closed and their tongue elevated during rest and newborns with ankyloglossia have a tendency to keep their lips parted and their tongue low during rest.

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A Cross-Sectional Study of Antibiotic Self-Medication

Thrita ◽

10.5812/thrita.105794 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Mousavi ◽

Parisa Shojaei ◽

Azadeh Nazemi ◽

Atefe Dadashi

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Side Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Self Medication ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Objectives: This research has been conducted to study antibiotic self-medication, prevalence, and reasons. Methods: A questionnaire containing 30 comprehensive questions in terms of the experience of antibiotic self-medication was prepared. In this cross-sectional study, data were analyzed using analytical statistics bases on chi-square and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that 61.3% of the participants were self-antibiotic users. There was a significant difference only between gender and self-medication such that self-medication in males was more than females (P value = 0.027). Conclusions: Self-medication of antibiotics is almost high and requires more information about the side effects of these drugs in order to promote rational and physically prescribed use.

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The Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Medical Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

ACTA MEDICA IRANICA ◽

10.18502/acta.v58i9.4767 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pourya Farhangi ◽

Farahnaz Khajehnasiri

Keyword(s):

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Working Pressure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Socioeconomic Considerations ◽

Anxiety Depression

Medicine is a stressful job. It is shown in several studies that decreased clinical function, disturbance in decision making, and the doctor-patient relationship, anxiety, depression, alcohol and substance abuse, and suicide are associated with stress. So, it is important to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among medical staff. This is a cross-sectional study on the Tehran University of Medical Sciences residents, and 152 residents were surveyed by the DASS-21 questionnaire, which measures the depression, anxiety, and stress level. One hundred fifty-two residents (24.5% male, 75.5% female) with a mean age of 29.6 (SD=2.96) were surveyed. According to this study results, 23% of residents had severe to extremely severe depression, 24.9% had severe to extremely severe anxiety, and 33.8% had severe to extremely severe stress. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among Tehran University of Medical Sciences residents are higher than some other countries and universities, and it could be due to more working pressure in our educational hospitals. However, similar studies in different countries have not similar results, especially about the associated factors; so, more studies should be done, especially with the interventional and socioeconomic considerations, to address these issues.

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The Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Epidemic Has Reached Hungary: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2020.541794 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Benedek Tinusz ◽

László Botond Szapáry ◽

Bence Paládi ◽

András Papp ◽

Barna Bogner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Esophageal Cancer ◽

Cell Cancer ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Histological Types ◽

Relative Incidence ◽

Significant Difference

BackgroundThe epidemiology of esophageal cancer has changed dramatically over the past 4 decades in many Western populations. We aimed to understand the Hungarian epidemiologic trends of esophageal squamous cell cancer (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC).MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study using data from esophageal cancer patients diagnosed between 1992 and 2018 at eight tertiary referral centers in four major cities of Hungary. We retrospectively identified cases in the electronic databases of each center and collected data on gender, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, specialty of the origin center, histological type, and localization of the tumor. Patients were grouped based on the two main histological types: AC or SCC. For statistical analysis, we used linear regression models, chi-square tests, and independent sample t tests.ResultsWe extracted data on 3,283 patients with esophageal cancer. Of these, 2,632 were diagnosed with either of the two main histological types; 737 had AC and 1,895 SCC. There was no significant difference in the gender ratio of the patients between AC and SCC (80.1 vs 81.8% males, respectively; p = 0.261). The relative incidence of AC increased over the years (p < 0.001, b = 1.19 CI: 0.84–1.54). AC patients were older at diagnosis than SCC patients (64.37 ± 11.59 vs 60.30 ± 10.07 years, p < 0.001). The age of patients at the diagnosis of primary esophageal cancer increased over time (p < 0.001, R = 0.119).ConclusionsThe rapid increase in the relative incidence of AC and simultaneous decrease of the relative incidence of SCC suggest that this well-established Western phenomenon is also present in Hungary.

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Dentogingival Smile Analysis of Young Adults of Al Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2020/8855681 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Minu P. Mohan ◽

Rahaf A. AlOlayan ◽

Mohammad A. AlSweed

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Lip ◽

Restorative Treatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Photo Editing

Objectives. The present study aims to analyse the smiling components among young adults within Al Qassim region by evaluating typical smile parameters. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 324 female and male participants between 18 and 35 years, within Al Qassim Province of Saudi Arabia. The dentogingival macro-aesthetic elements of the smile, the parallelism between the incisal curve and lower lip line, midline, and buccal corridors were determined by using Canon Rebel t7i (Canon, Melville, NY, USA) and evaluated by photo editing software Adobe Photoshop CC2019. The data were analysed using a chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation test for nonparametric data. Results. 62.5% of young adults had no buccal corridors. The nonparallel smile was found in 53.2% of young adults. A high smile line was observed in 33% of participants. 59.3% of young adults lacked a coinciding dental and facial midline. There was a statistically significant difference in the parallelism of the incisal curve and lower lip line as well as in the position of the upper lip line across genders ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Understanding macro-aesthetic elements of teeth and their interrelation with the surrounding oral structures can be a guide in creating natural and aesthetically pleasing restorative treatment.

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CYP1A2 Gene Polymorphism and Theophylline Level in Asthma

The Indonesian Biomedical Journal ◽

10.18585/inabj.v11i1.475 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 63-9

Author(s):

Amelia Lorensia ◽

Zullies Ikawati ◽

Tri Murti Andayani ◽

Daniel Maranatha ◽

Mariana Wahyudi

Keyword(s):

Gene Polymorphism ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Asthma Exacerbation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Theophylline Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Polymorphism Data

BACKGROUND: Aminophylline (theophylline) is one of the most frequent asthma therapies in Indonesia, although it remains as a narrow therapy. The effects of drugs are individualized and strongly influenced by genetic, one of which is CYP1A2 gene polymorphisms. This study aimed to determine the profile of CYP1A2 polymorphism and theophylline level in asthma exacerbation patients receiving intravenous aminophylline therapy.METHODS: This cross sectional study was conducted in the emergency room (ER), to adults asthma exacerbation patients without complication (n=27), visiting the ER. The gene polymorphism data were compared with theophylline levels in the blood using chi-square test.RESULTS: In the CYP1A2 gene polymorphism profile, the most common heterozygous alleles are T/G genotype of CYP1A2*1E and C/A genotype of CYP1A2*1F. Most homozygote alleles exist in CYP1A2*1D and CYP1A2*1F. There was significant difference between CYP1A2*1D (p<0.005), CYP1A2*1E (p<0.023) and CYP1A2*1F (p<0.000) polymorphisms and theophylline level.CONCLUSION: CYP1A2*1D, CYP1A2*1E and CYP1A2*1F gene polymorphisms had an effect on theophylline levels. However, no one experienced an overdose theophylline, and no correlation between theophylline levels with CYP1A2 gene polymorphism.KEYWORDS: exacerbation asthma, intravenous aminophylline, CYP1A2 polymorphism gene, theophylline

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Prevalence and severity of depression among people residing in flood affected areas of Kerala

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190600 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1143

Author(s):

Jose Jom Thomas ◽

B. Prakash ◽

Praveen Kulkarni ◽

M. R. Narayana Murthy

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Severity Of Depression

Background: The world is witnessing significant change in its climate leading to an increase in natural disasters. Kerala state of India recently witnessed its worst Monsoon rainfall in the century. Floods have significant effects on mental health. Screening of psychological problems is necessary in the background of recent floods in Kerala. So this study was done with the objectives to assess the prevalence of depression in the flood affected people of Kerala and to assess the severity of depression among people residing in flood affected areas of Kerala.Methods: Cross sectional study was done four weeks after flood. Individuals aged ≥15 years residing in flood affected areas were included and people not willing to participate were excluded. Purposive sampling was done and 306 participants were studied. Participants were assessed by interview technique using PHQ9 questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS-22. Descriptive statistics like percentage were applied. Inferential statistical tests like chi-square test were applied for association.Results: Among the participants 48% showed symptoms of depression. 28.10 % were mildly depressed, 12.74% were moderately depressed, 5.56% had moderately severe and 1.63% had severe depression. Maximum prevalence of depression was observed in geriatric age group.Conclusions: A significant amount of people residing in flood affected areas showed signs and symptoms of depression. An urgent intervention is therefore required to improve mental health status of the flood affected individuals.

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Evaluation of Major Psychiatric Disorders in Patients in Rafsanjan, Iran, with Acne Vulgaris

Internal Medicine And Medical Investigation Journal ◽

10.24200/imminv.v2i4.13 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Seyed-Ali Mostafavi ◽

Reza Bidaki ◽

Hamzeh Shahmoradi ◽

Afshin Mirzaei ◽

Ahmad Reza Sayadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicide Attempts ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Highly Correlated

Background: Skin health and mental health are highly correlated. Considering that less attention has been paid to multidisciplinary fields, we evaluated the prevalence of mental disorders and related problems in patients with acne vulgaris in the city of Rafsanjan, Iran.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The study population included all patients with acne vulgaris in Rafsanjan who were referred in 2016 to a skin and hair clinic. After the patients agreed to participate, they underwent a psychological interview. Using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and suicide questionnaires, their data were recorded and collected. Data were then analyzed using the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test.Results: Of 100 patients evaluated (48 women and 52 men), 8% had severe anxiety, 61% had moderate anxiety, and 31% had mild anxiety. Moreover, 64% of patients had mild depression, 29% had moderate depression, and 7% had severe depression. Of all patients, only one had a high risk for suicide attempts. We did not find any significant relationship between anxiety or suicide disorder and any of following variables: marital status, disease duration, amount of lesions, location of lesions, and expansion of lesions. We observed that with increasing duration of illness, expansion of lesions, and level of lesions, depression increased significantly in patients with acne vulgaris. Location of lesions was not associated with depression.Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety and depression is high in patients with acne vulgaris. Acne disease is more significantly correlated with depression.

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A cross sectional study on the prevalence and factors associated with geriatric depression in an urban slum of Davangere city

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180784 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 1197

Author(s):

Ruchi Dhar ◽

Vidya G. S. ◽

Ritu Kashyap

Keyword(s):

Urban Slum ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Community Based ◽

Geriatric Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Background: Various community-based studies have revealed that the prevalence of depression in geriatric population in India varies between 13% and 25%. In spite of the magnitude of this problem there are very few studies from India investigating geriatric depression and its associated risk factors. This study aims to establish the prevalence, socio- demographic correlates and factors associated with geriatric depression in an urban slum of Davangere city. Objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and its association with socio- demographic factors among the geriatric population in an urban slum of Davangere city.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted from June to November 2016, among the geriatric people residing in an urban slum (Mustafanagar) of Davangere city. A house to house survey was done and all the geriatric people willing to participate in the study were selected and assessed for depression using the Geriatric Depression Scale.Results: In this study the prevalence of depression was found to be 39% among the elderly, of which 33% had mild depression and 6% had severe depression.Conclusions: In this study it was found that the prevalence of depression was higher among those who were widowed and those who were living alone. It was also more among the people belonging to Class V Socio-economic status (Modified B.G Prasad Classification) and people suffering from a chronic illness.

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