scholarly journals What affect heart in SAM: structure or function

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Ajay Gaur ◽  
Neetu Sharma Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Malnourished Child ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
And Control

Background: Objective of present study was to assess structural and functional cardiac changes in children with severe acute malnutrition between the age of 6 month to 59 months. Setting: The study conducted in Department of paediatrics, Kamla Raja Hospital, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior. A prospective case control study. Participants: 100 cases and 100 controls enrolled based on the selection criteria, Control group was selected from patient came in Out Patient Department. Children from 6 months to 59 months of age with weight for height ranging <-3SD and/or Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) <11.5 cm and/or edematous malnutrition and/or visible severe wasting). Selection of cases and control were done through random sampling method.Methods: All enrolled admitted children were stabilised after admission as per WHO protocol of management. After that they undergone echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation and data were collected and Analysed.Results: In this study, study group show decrease in dimension of heart i.e. IVSd (p-value-0.02413), LVEDd (p-value-0.0000017), PLVWd (p-value-0.01493), LVEDs (p-value-0.0000263), PLVWs (p-value-0.0000254) more affected during diastole than systole, increased HR (p-value-0.0044), shorten PR intervals (p-value-0.0001) and shorten P wave(p-value-0.000385), QT (p-value-0.044) and QTc (p-value-0.00968) as compared to control group. Pericardial effusion found in 16 cases in study group (8 mild and 8 trace).Conclusions: Early evaluation of cardiac function in malnourished child will significantly affect the management of Severe Acute Malnutrition to prevent deaths from Severe Acute Malnutrition. 

scholarly journals Nurses’ knowledge towards severe acute malnutrition management protocol and its associated factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Abdu Oumer
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Malnourished Child ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Management Protocol

<span>For appropriate management of severe acute malnutrition skilled, knowledgeable and concerned health professionals are critical for child survival. </span><span>Thus assessing the knowledge of nurses towards management protocol of severe acute malnutrition is crucial step for targeted interventions. </span><span>This study aimed to assess Knowledge towards Severe Acute Malnutrition Management Protocol and its Associated Factors among Nurses working in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, 2018. Cross-sectional study was conducted among eligible 132 nurses. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire prepared from the national SAM management guideline of Ethiopia. SPSS version 20.0 software using frequency, tables, graphs, percentages and mean was used. Student t test and analysis of variance with F statistics and P value was computed. Overall, 65 (49.2%) of nurses had poor knowledge on SAM management. More than half, 100 (75.8%) of the nurses had experience in SAM management previously. Males were more likely to be knowledgeable (AOR=1.27) as compared to females. Nurses with the previous experience of managing malnourished child had 1.70) times more likely to be knowledgeable as compared to their counterparts. Having SAM training was associated with having higher knowledge score (AOR=1.56). Having SAM training was found to have significantly higher knowledge score (p=0.034). Knowledge level of nurses towards SAM management is not satisfactory. Those who ever involved in SAM management, having recent malnutrition training and gender were predictors of high knowledge score. There should be regular capacity building schemes for nurses especially for those who are involved in management of SAM at emergency or SAM unit.</span>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Home Visit Terhadap Penurunan Episode Penyakit Infeksi dan Peningkatan Angka Kecukupan Gizi pada Balita Malnutrisi Akut Berat

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Titih Huriah
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Nutrition Intake

<em>Malnutrition is one of the principal causes of child mortality in developing countries including Indonesia. Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) is the most serious form of malnutrition affecting children under-five and is associated with many infectious diseases and nutrition intake. In the last few decades, there has been a paradigm shift in the management of acute malnutrition from a facility-based to community-centered approach. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of home care intervention in decreasing infectious diseases episode and increasing nutrition intake of severe acute malnutrition children aged 6-60 months. Quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group design was carried out for this study. The study was done in two district involving 32 health centers of Yogyakarta province. 56 children with SAM were selected using purposive sampling. The study was performed in three phases, intensive, strengthening and independent phase applying nursing care approach. Data analysis was done by SPSS software. Mean episodes of infectious diseases in the baseline at home care group was 2,64 days and after the intervention the mean was 0,21 days. Nutritional adequacy rate in the baseline only reached 83,65% and after intervention reached 106,23%. During the three months intervention of home care, there were significant decreases in infectious diseases episode and increases nutrition intake with p value 0,0003 and 0,003 respectively</em>

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PAIRED FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 976-79
Author(s):  
Qamar Zia ◽  
Nighat Arif ◽  
Tahira Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Methods Of Learning ◽  
And Control ◽  
Academic Scores

Objective: To determine the effect of paired formative assessment on students’ learning. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi, from Jan 2018 to Jun 2018. Methodology: A total of 160 students who attended otolaryngology module were included in the study. Randomized allocation was done by computerized software programme and students were divided into 2 groups i.e. experimental (group A) and control group (group B). Later on in group A, pairing of students was done by lottery method. Group A and B were dealt with paired and individual formative assessment respectively. Effectiveness of both methods of learning was calculated on the basis of academic scores obtained in tests consisting of 20 MCQs from predefined and taught syllabus. A p-value were obtained by applying independent sample t-test and considered statistically significant at 0.05. Results: Out of 160 participants, 94 (58.7%) were females and 66 (41.3%) were males. In individual testing phase mean scores of group A was 13.36 ± 2.22 and mean scores of group B was 13.24 ± 2.5 (p 0.861). In paired formative assessment phase, mean scores of group A was 16.70 ± 1.94 (CI 95% 2.16-4.55) and mean of scores of group B was 13.40 ± 2.23 (CI 95% 2.16-4.55) p=0.001. Conclusion: The effectiveness of paired formative assessment. This method provides students a conducive environment to achieve learning objectives.

scholarly journals Effect of Foetal Movement Counting on Prenatal Attachment and Maternal Worries among Primigravidas- A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jignya Vinodbhai Asari ◽  
Anjali Pushkar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Prenatal Attachment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foetal Movement ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Pregnant woman experience various physical, emotional, and hormonal changes that may cause anxiety. The anxiety and worries can be decreased by sharing information about the developing child, like foetal body movement. Aim: To assess effect of Foetal Movement Counting (FMC) on prenatal attachment and maternal worries among primigravida mothers. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out among primigravida mothers of selected Hospitals of Central Gujarat using proforma of Cranley’s maternal foetal attachment scale and Cambridge worry scale. The study was conducted from March 2019 to July 2020. Eighty participants were recruited by convenient sampling 40 in each study group and control group. The study group were provided with foetal movement chart and the participants were asked to record foetal movements for seven consecutive days, twice a day for 20 minutes. Post assessment of prenatal attachment and maternal worries was done using tools of data collection for both study and control group. Chi- square test was used to test the significance (p-value <0.05). Results: The study results revealed that in study group mean score for prenatal attachment was 79.43 at the start and improved to 101.25 (p-value <0.001) after seven days of FMC. In control group, the mean score for prenatal attachment did not show significant difference pre-test and post-test (74.20 vs 74.85, p-value=0.077). In study group, the mean Cambridge worry scale score was 36.55 which came down to 20.28 (p-value <0.001) after seven days, while in control group it was 41.38 at the beginning and 41.30 after seven days (p-value=0.998). Conclusion: Foetal Movement Counting was found to improve maternal foetal attachment and reduce maternal worries. FMC can be routinely and effectively promoted among the pregnant population to help them achieve a positive pregnancy experience and outcome.

scholarly journals The effect and safety of placental blood drainage as a part of active management of third stage of labour in spontaneous vaginal delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1977
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Mohita Agarwal ◽  
Saroj Singh ◽  
Parul Gangwar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Placental Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Background: In placental cord drainage facilitates placental delivery in both vaginal and caesarean section deliveries. The present study was done to evaluate the effect and safety of placental blood drainage as a part of active management of third stage of labour to reduce the duration and blood loss during third stage of labour.Methods: The study was conducted in department of Obstetrics and, SN Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India on 400 term pregnant women, with single live intrauterine fetus in cephalic presentation, without any complication. They were randomly divided into to study and control group. Study group: It comprised of 200 Gynaecology cases, underwent active management of third stage of labour with placental blood drainage. Control group: It comprised of 200 cases, underwent active management of third stage of labour (AMTSL) alone. Duration and blood loss during third stage were noted.Results: The mean duration of third stage of labour was 3.61±0.972mins in study group and 8.15±1.711mins in control group. The mean blood loss during third stage of labour was 168.14±76.703ml and 287.40±85.808ml in study and control group respectively.Conclusions: Duration of third stage, blood loss during third stage, and hemoglobin deference between pre and post-delivery were reduced significantly in study group than control group.

scholarly journals Dietary determinant of severe acute malnutrition among infants: Evidence from a case controlled study at a Central Indian district

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan Pandey ◽  
Shivendra Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Breast feeding and complementary feeding practices ultimately determine the nutritional status of newborn at the end of infancy. The objective of the present study was to find the possible causes of malnutrition in context of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices adopted by families of infants aged 6-12 month old. A community-based, unmatched, case-controlled study was conducted involving 78 cases and 156 controls in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The study included infants aged 6- 12 months who were enrolled in the Integrated Child Development Scheme. Cases and controls were selected through a multi-staged sampling strategy. Cases were those with severe acute malnutrition and controls were those with no malnutrition as per the World Health Organization criteria. Data related to the breastfeeding, pre-lacteal feeding and complementary feeding practices were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out. P-value and Odds ratios were calculated. The proportion of exclusive breastfeeding among cases and control was 10.3% and 24.4% respectively. The high odds of malnutrition were related to lack of exclusively breastfeeding [COR(95% CI) = 4.69(2.50- 6.53)], lack of feeding semisolid food, less frequent complementary feedings [COR(95% CI) = 5.69(3.01- 8.93)], lack of hand washing by caregivers [COR(95% CI) =2.44 (1.10-3.19)], and lack of use of disinfected drinking water for infants. Proper health education should be imparted not only to mothers but also other family members involved in the child’s care.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.6(1) 2016: 32-39

scholarly journals STUDY OF MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF PLACENTA IN HYPERSENSITIVE MOTHERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Gajbhiye ◽  
Sachin Gajbhiye
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
And Control ◽  
Placental Volume ◽  
Placental Thickness

Background: Hypertensive pregnancy may be responsible for vascular damage, enhanced systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in the placenta as oxygen and nutrient transfer is impaired and oxidative stress is generated affecting the placental growth and development. Placental growth pattern in hypertensive pregnancies shows a variable pattern owing to placental insufficiency. Method: The study was carried out on 80 sets placentae, mothers and their babies. The placentae were collected from Obstetrics & Gynecology Department of NSCB Medical College Jabalpur. Out of 80 placentae, 40 were from normal pregnant mothers and 40 from pregnancies complicated by PIH in previously normotensive women, serial number of placentae, mother and baby were same. placentae were  collected soon after the normal vaginal delivery or caesarian section along with 10 cm long stump of umbilical cord. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal PIH would affect the morphology and histology of placenta and compare this with that of normotensive mothers. It was a cross-sectional comparative study carried out at the maternity ward and anatomy department of NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur. Result: A Macroscopic study of the placenta revealed placental weight, placental volume, diameter, placental thickness and number of cotyledons were less in study group. Mean placental weight in study group was 336gm and in control group was 425 (p<0.05). Mean placental volume in study group & control group were 236and352 ml respectively (p<0.05). Mean number of cotyledons were 14.7and 16 in study & control group respectively but not significant and mean diameter15.6 cms and17.05cms in study and control group. But in the present study placental thickness was not significant (p<0.539). There was a single umbilical artery present in one patient in PIH group.  All morphometric parameters of placenta weight, volume, diameter, thickness, no. of cotyledons were reduced. Histological findings were cytotrophoblastic cellular proliferation, syncitial knot formation, fibrin plaque formation. In 20 percent cases, villi were hypovascular. The hypovascular villi have abundance of syncitial knots, usually lack vasculosyncitial membrane and increased stromal collagen. Conclusion: PIH adversely affect both morphology and histology of placenta. Keywords: morphology, histology, placenta, hypersensitive & mothers.

scholarly journals A study on knowledge of breast feeding and effect of antenatal counseling on exclusive breast feeding in primigravida mothers

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3311
Author(s):  
Kamlesh Tiwari ◽  
Neha Savarna ◽  
Ishmat Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Antenatal Counseling ◽  
And Control

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months of age is very beneficial not only to baby and mothers, but also to the family, society and the whole nation. In spite of best efforts by various organizations at government and NGO levels, the counselling for breast feeding during ante natal period is almost an unaddressed arena, which if proper attention is given, may result in very high incidence of successful breast feeding.Methods: It is a hospital based prospective study. A total of 150 primiparous mothers (100 study group and 50 control group) were counselled during every antenatal checkup for exclusive breast feeding attending the OPD of Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Vardhman Institute of Medical sciences, Pawapuri, Nalanda, Bihar from January 2015 to December 2016 and the outcome of counselling was observed during follow up in puerperium for 6 weeks.Results: Similar profile primiparous mothers in both study and control group, the mothers who were counselled on their antenatal visit for exclusive breast feeding, the success rate was much higher in counselled group than study group (p value 0.0001). It was also observed that the prior information about breast feeding were provided by electronic media, papers and family members and in this regard contribution of health system is minimal.Conclusions: Every obstetrician and other care givers must include routine care of breast and counselling on breast feeding during antenatal check up to enhance the confidence of primiparous mothers. A few extra minutes spared in counselling on breast feeding has a long-lasting effect on successful breast feeding during the post-natal period. 

scholarly journals STUDY TO EVALUATE THE SPECTRUM OF DIFFERENT CO-MORBIDITIES IN CHILDREN SUFFERING FROM SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION WITH UNEXPECTED DYSELECTROLYTEMIA IN DIARRHEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunabh Kumar ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Manish Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Aim: to evaluate the spectrum of co-morbidities in severe acute malnutrition with unexpected dyselectrolytemia in diarrhea. Material and methods: The study was an observational study which was carried in the Department of pediatrics, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Darbhanga Bihar, India for 2 years.  after taking the approval of the protocol review committee and institutional ethics committee. Total 200 Children below 5 year age were included in this study. Various co morbid conditions in study population were identified. All the laboratory examination was done with standard method. Results: Total 200 cases were included in study of which 96% were associated co-morbid conditions in SAM. Majority of children with SAM were having co-morbidity in the form of Anaemia (88%), Diarrhoea (60%) followed by pneumonia (32%), Rickets (31%), Tuberculosis (14%), Otitis    media    (12%),    UTI    (11%),    Celiac   (4%), Hypothyroidism (2%), & HIV (1%). Mean age (SD) of the diarrheal cases was 25(6) months (95% C.I. 24.1- 25.8) of which 70 were male (58.33%). Mean age (SD) of non-diarrheal cases was 19(6). (95% C.I. 16.6 – 19.4) of which 45 were male(75%). 120 (60%) SAM children presented with diarrhea of which 117 had dysnatremia in the form of Hyponatremia in 117 cases (58.5%) & Hypernatremia in 3 cases (1.5%) No statistically significant difference was found with hyponatremia in diarrheal or non-diarrheal cases of SAM (P value of 0.07). It was found that 20% SAM children were having hypokalemia. Hypokalemia was found in 15% of diarrheal cases & 5% in non- diarrheal cases. A statistically significant difference was found with hypokalemia in SAM (P value of 0.019) between Diarrheal & Non diarrheal cases. Conclusion: Dyselectrolytemia is high in complicated SAM and mainly sodium disturbances in form of hyponatremia are common in different co-morbid conditions. Keywords: Co-morbidities, Dyselectrolytemia, Potassium, Severe acute malnutrition, Sodium

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Therapy in Preventing Wound Infection Following Appendicectomy in Uncomplicated Appendicitis: A Comparative Study Between Single Dose And Multiple Doses In Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ashraf Uddin Khan ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain Sikder ◽  
Arif Salam Khan ◽  
Md Ashiqur Rahman ◽  
Ahmed Sarni Al Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Uncomplicated Appendicitis ◽  
And Control

Objectives: To find out the efficacy of single dose antibiotic vs multiple dosesin preventing wound infection following appendicectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis. Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Chittagong Medical college Hospital from January'2009 to June'2009. 100 patients with uncomplicated appendicitis who underwent appendicectomy during that period were included in this study. Among them 50 cases were included in study group ·(SG) who were given only single dose of combination drugs ( lnj. Cefuroxime + lnj. Metronidazole).ln rest of the 50 cases (CG), antibiotics were continued for 7 days postoperatively. Result: Maximum incidence of acute appendicitis was in the 2nd and 3rd decade of life with male preponderance .Rate of wound infection in the study group and control group was 4% and 2% respectively which was not statistically significant .The duration of antibiotic therapy had no significant effect on the length of hospital stay between the two groups ; 2.48 days vs 2.9 days [mean + s.d. 69.6 # 16.8 hours ] in the study and control group respectively, though treatment cost was higher in control group in comparison to the study group . Conclusion: Single dose of preoperative antibiotics is adequate for prevention of postoperative wound infection following appendicectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2015) Vol. 19 (1) : 17-20

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