scholarly journals Study of immunization status of under: five children in relation to various demographic variables of their mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushboo Agarwal ◽  
Bhag Singh Karnawat ◽  
Monika Singh ◽  
Pukhraj Garg ◽  
Anil Kumar Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Immunization Status

Background: Immunization remains an important public health intervention. On one side morbidity and mortality caused by vaccine-preventable diseases are still high in developing countries, on the other side immunization coverage is still low. Present study aims to assess immunization status of under-five children in relation to various demographic variables of their mothers.Methods: A total of 530 mothers with children under 5 years attending OPD, immunization clinic or admitted in paediatric ward were included in the study. Maternal demographic variables like age, religion, education, socio economic status, residence, parity and occupation were compared with immunization status of their children.Results: Most of mothers were housewives (73.77%), primary educated (33.58%), belonged to Hindu religion (47.54%), were of 21-30 years age group (52.64%), residing in urban areas (62.07%) and belonged to middle socio economic status (45.84%). Out of total 530 children 161 (30.37%) were completely immunized as compared to 21.32% who were unimmunized. Boys were marginally more unimmunized (37.32%) than girls (23.04%). Mothers’ education, occupation, parity, religion, residence and socio-economic status significantly influenced immunization status of their children (p<0.05).Conclusions: Therefore, it is recommended that any strategy formulated to improve vaccination coverage in children of our country should focus to strengthen above mentioned weak links.

scholarly journals A study of vaccination delay among under-five attendees at an immunisation clinic in a rural area of Goa

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
Elvira Noronha ◽  
Hemangini K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Vaccination has effectively shown to reduce mortality and morbidity due to vaccine-preventable diseases. However, these diseases are still responsible for majority of childhood deaths worldwide especially in the developing countries. It should be realized that with hesitance or delaying vaccinations, the period that the child at risk increases. Hence, the following study was conducted.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 251 under-five immunization clinic attendees at an immunization clinic conducted at the Rural Health and Training Centre in Goa for a period of two months. Parents of the under-five children were interviewed and vaccination dates were obtained from health cards and vaccination delay was assessed.Results: Out of the total 251 study participants, 43.4% were males and 56.6% were females; 36.7% belonged to <2 years of age whereas 63.3% belonged to >2 years of age group. The education of the mothers and fathers of under five children, upto secondary education was 50.6% and 55.4% respectively and 31.5% of the study participants belonged to high socio-economic status. It was observed that 31% of the study participants (n=78) had a vaccination delay whereas 69% (n=173) of them were vaccinated on time. The reasons for delay in vaccination included unawareness, forgetfulness, sickness and migration. A statistically significant association was found between age, working status, socio-economic status and vaccination delay (p<0.05).Conclusions: Strategies must be evolved to educate the parents in the study area to have greater awareness regarding the immunization programmes. 

scholarly journals Relationship Between Family Socio-Economic Status and the Incidence of Stunting Among Children Aged 24-59 Months in the Work Area Of Kadipaten Community Health Center Majalengka District in 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Rina Nuraeni ◽  
Suharno Suharno
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Work Area

The incidence of stunting among children, especially under-five children is still high. At the Kadipaten CHC in 2019 there were 4.6% under-five children with stunting. This study aims to determine the relationship between socio-economic status and the incidence of stunting among children aged 24-59 months in the Work Area of Kadipaten Community Health Center, Majalengka District in 2019. This was a quantitative study with cross sectional design. The samples in this study were 328 children and parents of children aged 24-59 months in the work area of Kadipaten CHC, Majalengka District taken with simple random sampling technique. Thsi study was conducted in February - July 2020. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis with frequency distribution and bivariate analysis with chi square test. The results showed that among children aged 24-59 months in the Work Area of Kadipaten Community Health Center, Majalengka District in 2019, 11.3% experienced stunting, 36.6% had families with socio-economic status below the Regional Minimum Wage/UMR, and there was a significant relationship between socio-economic status of the family and the incidence of stunting in the Work Area of Kadipaten Community Health Center, Majalengka District in 2019 (r value = 0.02). CHC should collaborates with cadres in conducting health education about stunting and collaborates with related agencies to provide skills training for families whose income is below the UMR, so that they are able to create new businesses and increase family income. This is expected to affect the pattern of meeting family nutritional requirements.

scholarly journals Prevalence of acute diarrhea and associated factors among children under five in semi-urban areas of northeastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarikuwa Natnael ◽  
Mistir Lingerew ◽  
Metadel Adane
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Diarrheal disease is still one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in children under five in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Lack of specific data on the prevalence of acute diarrhea and associated factors among under-five children in the semi-urban areas of Gelsha, found in northeastern Ethiopia’s South Wollo zone, remains a major gap. Therefore, this study was designed to provide data that is important for proper planning of intervention measures to reduce the problem in this area. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 340 systematically selected children under five in semi-urban areas of Gelsha from January to March 2019. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. Bivariable (crude odds ratio [COR]) and multivariable analysis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]) were employed using binary logistic regression model with 95% CI (confidence interval). Variables with a p-value < 0.05 from the multivariable analysis were declared as factors significantly associated with acute diarrhea. Result The prevalence of acute diarrhea among children under five in the study area was 11% (95%CI: 7.8–14.3%). About two-thirds (63.60%) of study participants used water from improved sources. About half (54.90%) of study participants practiced poor handwashing and 45.10% practiced good handwashing. We found that factors significantly associated with acute diarrhea were a child’s age of 12–23 months (AOR = 4.68, 95% CI: 1.45–1.50), the presence of two or more under-five children in the house (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.19–6.81), unimproved water sources (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.28–6.87) and presence of feces around the pit hole/slab/floor of the latrine (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.34–8.31). Conclusion The prevalence of acute diarrhea among children under five was relatively high. To reduce the problem, various prevention strategies are essential, such as the provision of health education to mothers/caregivers that focuses on keeping sanitation facilities clean and child care, and construction of improved water sources. Furthermore, implementing a strong health extension program, advocating an open defecation-free environment, and practicing a community-led total sanitation and hygiene approach might be helpful to sustainably reduce childhood diarrhea.

Factors Associated with Distribution of Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia Among Rural and Urban Women in Child Bearing Age – A Case of Mbala General Hospital, Northern Province, Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Daniel Sinkala
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Preeclampsia and eclampsia cases continue to rise in northern Zambia as people search for babies and continuity of clans’ survival. Due to the competitive nature of cultural demands/ myths on pregnancy and maternal socio-demographic factors (low-age, low socio-economic status, and poor health-seeking behaviour), women in rural prefer unprofessional primary health care services that are presumably affordable to them thereby, delaying in seeking for professional healthcare services. High levels of poverty in resource-limited areas have put many female adolescents at risk of falling pregnant. Thus, this study probed on the interaction between these maternal socio-demographic factors and disease distribution in both rural and urban areas with respect to various pregnancy outcomes. The study used retrospective quantitative methods in eliciting information from data sources (women, registers) in Mbala, Mpulungu, Senga, and Mungwi districts covering 3-year period (2017-2019). In all, 202 female respondents from Northern Zambia were interviewed through self-administered questionnaires. Thereafter, data were analysed using a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS v16). Findings indicate severe; socio-economic status and low maternal age affect pre-eclampsia disease distribution coupled with adverse pregnancy outcomes more in rural than urban areas. The better the socio-demographic conditions, the lower the disease distribution with good pregnancy outcomes. However, worsening maternal socio-demographic conditions may increase the incidence of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women of northern Zambia. The study recommended interventions tarred towards public health programmes such as social behaviour change and communication (SBCC) towards adolescent women and socio-economic empowerment of pregnant women in resource-limited areas. Keywords: Average ANC timing, Preeclampsia, Residency, Socio-economic, Teenage pregnancy.

scholarly journals Manuscript title: Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Kapil Murarkar ◽  
Jayashree Sachin Gothankar ◽  
Prakash Doke ◽  
Prasad Pore ◽  
Sanjay Lalwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract BackgroundUndernutrition among under five children in India is a major public health problem.Despite India’s growth in the economy, the child mortality rate due to undernutrition is still high in both urban and rural areas.Studies that focus on urban slums are scarce. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in children under five in Maharashtra, India.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. Data were collected through house to house survey by interviewing mothers of under five children. Total 2929 mothers and their 3,671 under five children were covered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants of child nutritional status seperately in urban and rural areas. ResultsThe mean age of the children was 2.38 years (±SD 1.36) and mean age of mothers was 24.25 years (± SD 6.37).Overall prevalence of stunting among children under five was 45.9 %, wasting was 17.1% and 35.4% children were underweight.Prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were more seen in an urban slum than a rural area.In the rural areas exclusive breast feeding(p<0.001) and acute diarrhea (p=0.001) were associated with wasting, children with birth order 2 or less than 2 were associated with stunting and exclusive breast feeding (p<0.05) and low maternal education were associated with underweight. Whereas in the urban slums exclusive breast feeding(p<0.05) was associated with wasting, sex of the child (p<0.05) and type of family(p<0.05)were associated with stunting,and low income of the family(p<0.05) was associated with underweight.ConclusionsFactors like sex of the child, birth order,exclusive breast feeding ,economic status of the family, type of family,acute diarrhea and maternal education have influence on nutritional status of the child. Improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child. Strategies are needed to improve the economic status of the community.Trial registration-Trial registration number:CTRI/2017/12/010881;Registration date:14/12/2017. Retrospectively registered.

Role of Socio-Economic Status in Cigarette Smoking Tendency of Youths

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnima Awasthi ◽  
Ravi P. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Recreational Drug ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Rural And Urban

Smoking is considered as one of the most common health impairing behaviors involving recreational drug use, in which tobacco is burned and the smoke is tasted or inhaled. Health professionals have identified cigarette smoking (in which the active drug is nicotine) as a most serious preventive health problem of youths worldwide. The study examines the role of socioeconomic status (SES) in smoking tendency of youths. The study was carried out with 75 male youths, who represented lower, middle, and high SES. The age of participants ranged from 19 to 25 years, and they resided in the rural and urban areas of Varanasi. Participants were given the measures of socio-economic status and smoking urges. Analysis revealed that youths of lower and higher SES, exhibited greater smoking tendencies as compared to those of middle SES. The findings are discussed and their implications are pointed out.

A study to assess the knowledge regarding the prevention of home accidents among the mothers of under-five children in a selected community, Mangalore

2021 ◽  
pp. 408-412
Author(s):  
Annmariya T.A ◽  
Arya K ◽  
Binni Varughese ◽  
Diniya M.T ◽  
Festimol Pinhero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Home Accidents

World Health Organization (WHO) defines accident as an unexpected and an unintended event causing physical and mental injures. Children being less aware of danger are more vulnerable to accidents are one of the five leading causes of death in developing countries yearly. Accidents are main cause of death among children aged between 1-5 years old. As children are explorative in nature a number of accidents occur in this age group. Aims of the study: To assess the knowledge of mothers regarding prevention of home accidents and to find association between the knowledge score of mothers and selected demographic variables. Methodology: A descriptive study approach was adopted and structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of mothers. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the 50 samples from the selected community at Mangalore. The results and Conclusion: Majority (36%) of the mothers belonged to the age group 25-31 years. Half (50%) of the samples are belonged to Muslim community, 60% of the samples were from nuclear family, most (36%) of the samples were having one under five child. Majority 34% had pre-university and 30% had secondary school education. Majority (84 %) of the respondents had moderately adequate knowledge, only few (4 %) had inadequate knowledge and only 12% had adequate knowledge on prevention of home accidents. The maximum score of knowledge score was about 19, range 16, mean 10.54, standard deviation ± 4.20 and the mean percentage was 13. The computed chi-square value chi-square value computed between the level of knowledge and selected demographic variables i.e. age (22=1.093) Religion (22=2.155), Type of family (22=2.614), number of children below 5 years of age (22=.398) educational status (23=1.840) of the mothers and whether the child met with any type of accidents (21=.368) not significant at 0.05 level of significance. Thus, it can be interpreted that there is no significant association between knowledge of mothers of under five children and selected variables. Knowledge of mothers regarding prevention of home accidents was moderately adequate. Under five home accidents are common in India and it is necessary to take adequate precautions to prevent it. Educating mothers is the best way to prevent under five accidents at home.

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