scholarly journals Test dosing as an alternative treatment approach in urinary tract infection patient with Cefoperazone allergy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
I. Made Adi Narendranatha Komara ◽  
Ketut Suryana
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Drug Allergy ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Drug Hypersensitivity ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Hypersensitivity Reaction ◽  
Infection Patient

Drug hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) is classified as adverse reaction which is based on immunologic mediated reaction. Antibiotics are the most frequently prescribed drugs given to patients to treat bacterial infections, but also cause adverse drug reactions due to hypersensitivity in patients. We present here a case of cefoperazone drug allergy in a 75 years old patient with urinary tract infection requiring the test dosing approach.

Safety of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahakpreet Singh ◽  
Ruchika Sharma ◽  
Anoop Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitors ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Authorization Holder

Background:Recently, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved sodium/ glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of SGLT2 inhibitors in large group of population, very less information is available. Thus, we have tried to find out the risk profile of SGLT2 inhibitors. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,042 studies have been published from Nov. 2012-Nov. 2017 regarding SGLT2 inhibitors. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 studies have been selected for the analysis of risk. Results and Discussion:The emerging evidence indicates various adverse drug reactions such as foot and toe amputation, cancer, diabetic ketoacidosis, bone fracture risk and urinary as well as mycotic genital infection. The causality assessment has shown a correlation between SGLT2 inhibitors and diabetic ketoacidosis and urinary tract infection. Conclusion:In conclusion, Marketing Authorization Holder (MAH) and Regulatory Authorities (RA) should monitor various adverse drug reactions such as diabetic ketoacidosis and urinary tract infection with the use of SGLT2 inhibitor.

scholarly journals Clinicoetiological profile of urinary tract infection in pediatric population in a teaching hospital in south India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1958
Author(s):  
Poornima Venugopal ◽  
Carol Sara Cherian ◽  
Pooja Raghunath
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Causative Microorganism ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections seen in children. A wide range of organisms with varying antibiotic sensitivity patterns have been known to cause UTI. The objective of the study was to analyse the clinical presentation of UTI in children between 1-month to15 years of age and to analyse the causative microorganism and their drug susceptibility in UTI in children between 1 month to 15 years of age.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a teaching hospital in Kerala, between July 2018 and June 2020 among children 1 month to 15 years of age who presented with symptoms of UTI. Patients who had culture positive UTI were included in the study. Clinical data was obtained from inpatient and outpatient records. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done for positive urine culture by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 16.Results: Of the 1057 urine samples analysed, 18.44% had significant bacteuria. 43.07% were children less than one year of age with male predominance. Fever and dysuria were the most common clinical presentation. E. coli was the most prevalent pathogen isolated followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Enterococcus faecalis was the only gram-positive bacilli isolated. Highest resistance was shown to ampicillin, third generation cephalosporins and co-trimoxazole. Least resistance was shown to nitrofurantoin, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, piperacillin- tazobactam and carbapenems.Conclusions: Regular surveillance programme is necessary for implementation of guidelines for empiric treatment of UTI.

Month-by-Month Age Analysis of the Risk for Serious Bacterial Infections in Febrile Infants With Bronchiolitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1052-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Havatzelet Yarden-Bilavsky ◽  
Liat Ashkenazi-Hoffnung ◽  
Gilat Livni ◽  
Jacob Amir ◽  
Efraim Bilavsky
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Serious Bacterial Infections

Objective. This study’s aim was to assess the risk of serious bacterial infections (SBI) in each of the first 3 months in hospitalizes febrile infants with bronchiolitis. Patients and methods. The risk of SBI was compared between hospitalized infant with or without bronchiolitis by age in months. Results. A total of 1125 febrile infants aged ≤3 months were admitted during the study period, 948 without and 177 with bronchiolitis. The incidence of SBI was significantly lower among infants with bronchiolitis compared with those without (4% vs 12.2%, P < .001). However, within the subgroup of neonates with bronchiolitis aged ≤28 days, the incidence of SBI was 9.7% and was not significantly lower than in neonates without bronchiolitis. Conclusion. The risk of SBI among febrile infants with bronchiolitis is significantly lower compared with febrile infants without bronchiolitis, but only after the neonatal period in which the risk for urinary tract infection was relatively high (9.7%).

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of the Common Uropathogens among Patients Admitted in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
AKM Humayon Kabir ◽  
SK Jakaria Been Sayeed ◽  
Prodip Kumar Biswas ◽  
SM Hafiz ◽  
Md Uzzwal Mallik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections seen in clinical practice both in developed and developing countries. The causative agents of Urinary tract infection vary from place to place and they also vary in their susceptibility and resistance patterns. This descriptive study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens isolated from routine laboratory specimens at Dhaka Medical College Hospital. A descriptive cross- sectional study was done from January 2018 to June 2018. A total of 100 mid-stream urine samples from the suspected UTI patients were tested microbiologically and antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed for the isolated pathogens using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with positivity rate of UTI was 90% (90/100). Escherichia coli (39%) was the most UTI causing bacteria followed by Klebsiella 18(18%), Acinetobacter 12(12%), Staphylococci, 9 (9%), Pseudomonas 6 (6%), Enterococcus species 3 (3%) and Proteus 3 (3%). Female 83 (83%) were more affected in comparison with male. Adult female especially age range 18-30 years were found in high risk. Nitrofurantoin, Amikacin and Meropenem were recorded as most sensitive antibiogram for most of the bacteria’s whereas cephalosporin showed increased resistance. However, for uncomplicated community acquired UTI, Nitrofurantoin (oral) and Amikacin (Injectable) can be chosen as first line medication. J MEDICINE JUL 2020; 21 (2) : 93-97

Prevalence of Fluroquinolone and Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistance among the Patients With Urinary Tract Infection Due to Escherichia Coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Chowdhury MJ ◽  
Faruque CMO ◽  
Noor J ◽  
Rouf CM ◽  
Hossain MM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) has become the most frequent bacterial infections worldwide. It is well established that Escherichia coli is the predominant cause of UTI. The aim of our study was to evaluate the rates of resistance to fluroquinolone and third generation cephalosporin among the patients with UTI due to E.Coli and to assess the potential correlation between both trends. Methods: The study was a cross sectional observational study conducted at the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration with Department of Microbiology of Sylhet Women’s Medical College and Hospital from 1st July 2019 to 30th June 2020. Results: A total of 246 urine samples were collected from patients with UTI followed by isolation and identification of E.coli strains. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance analysis was performed by the disc diffusion method employing multiple antibiotic discs. The sensitivity was monitored by zone of inhibition around the disc. Overall rates of resistance to fluroquinolone and third generation cephalosporin were 70.31% and 65.10% respectively. The rates of co-resistance to both fluroquinolone and third generation cephalosporin was 53.13%. Conclusion: Our study suggests that fluroquinolone should be reserved and third generation cephalosporin should be used with caution among patients with E.coli.

Incidence of bacterial infections in chronic kidney disease patients admitted in nephrology unit of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Laxman Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Medical College

Background: Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease patients, second only to cardiovascular causes. As the incidence of chronic kidney disease is increasing, the number of deaths due to infectious disease is also increasing. Infectious disease includes infection, bacteremia and sepsis in chronic kidney disease patients.Objective: To assess the incidence of bacterial infections in chronic kidney disease patients.Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was done among all chronic kidney disease patients admitted over 6 months in Nephrology Unit of Department of Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.Results: 58 patients were admitted with infectious diseases, out of which 6 patients (10.34%) died during treatment while 1 patient (1.78%) left against medical advice. Infection in patients undergoing dialysis (5D) was much more compared to stage 4 or 5chronic kidney disease patients (58.62% vs. 13.79% vs. 17.24% respectively). 19 patients (32.76%) had pneumonia, 16 patients (27.56%) had Urinary Tract Infection while 12 patients (20.70%) had sepsis. Although sepsis was less prevalent compared to pneumonia/ Urinary Tract Infection, deaths due to sepsis was very high.Conclusion: The incidence of bacterial infections in chronic kidney disease patients is still high despite all the improvements in infection control and dialysis practices, and still lots is left to be done to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by infections in chronic kidney disease patients.

scholarly journals The costs of urinary tract infection therapy with implementation of pharmacoeconomic guidelines at the clinic for infectious diseases of the Clinical center of Vojvodina

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 647-655
Author(s):  
Sandra Stefan-Mikic ◽  
Sinisa Sevic ◽  
Radoslava Doder ◽  
Dejan Cvjetkovic ◽  
Natasa Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

Beckground/Aim. The Serbian health system does not have strict guidelines for the treatment of bacterial infections. The choice of treatment is empirical which is not necessarily the same compared to the treatment guidelines from countries with a developed pharmacotherapeutic practice. In this study we compared the difference between the current treatment and the treatment taking into account the latest pharmacotherapeutic and pharmacoeconomic guidelines in order to estimate clinical efficiency of antibacterial drugs that were given as a therapy of urinary tract infections and to evaluate pharmacoeconomic aspect of this therapy as well. Methods. Our study included 100 patients that were randomly chosen and divided into 2 groups. The first group was treated in an ordinary way, while the second one was treated strictly in accordance with the guidelines (British National Formulary - BNF, and Senford Guide). In both groups of the patients we compared length of hospitalization, combination of the used antibiotics, progress as a whole in clinical picture, laboratory analyses and the price of the whole treatment. Results. Analyzing these values independently and according to statistical tests we proved that there were no significant differences between two groups with regard to the progress in a clinical picture as a whole and the length of hospitalization. According to this analysis, however suggested treatment based on guidelines showed a saving of 34.48% in comparison with the usual system of therapy. Conclusion. Efficacy of current treatment of urinary tract infection and the treatment according to foreign guidelines is the same, but the costs of the treatment are lower if the guidelines of developed health care systems are applied.

Cerebrospinal fluid findings in infants with pertussis or parapertussis1)

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina T. Chu ◽  
Jesse Groh ◽  
Andrea T. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
The Mean

AbstractPertussis has been increasing in frequency and can cause protean manifestation in infants, often resulting in extensive laboratory evaluation.We examined the prevalence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) anomalies in infants with pertussis and parapertussis over a 5-year period.In total, 239 of 1489 children (16.1%) had a positive PCR for pertussis or parapertussis. Eighty-three percent were infants; the mean age of the 39 years who received a lumbar puncture (LP) was 43 days. Reasons for performing LP included apnea (62%), toxic appearance (38%), fever (26%), and altered mentation (10%); several had >1 indication for LP. Twenty-four (62%) children had elevated CSF protein. No child had hypoglycorrhachia, bacterial meningitis, bacteremia, or intracranial hemorrhage; one child had a urinary tract infection and five had pneumonia. Seven children had brain imaging performed; one had a subarachnoid hemorrhage and six had normal studies. Elevated age-normalized CSF protein was a common finding in infants with pertussis, potentially due to transfer across a damaged or immature blood-brain barrier. This finding was seen in the absence of concomitant bacterial infections or detectable intracranial anomalies.While the diagnostic evaluation and clinical management of a toxic-appearing infant should not be limited by a positive pertussis or parapertussis PCR, it is useful for physicians to be cognizant that elevated CSF protein can be seen in association with these infections.

scholarly journals Urinary tract infection among the outpatients of a diagnostic center in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-356
Author(s):  
Sonia Rustom ◽  
Rimi Farhana Zaman ◽  
Priyanka Barua ◽  
Hamida Khanum
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Center ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Common

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the common bacterial infections occurring in the community and in hospitals of Bangladesh. A total of 300 urine samples were tested for UTI among which 100 were from children (age 1-15 years), 100 from adult female (16-75 years) and 100 from adult male (16-75 years). Out of 300, 126 samples were found positive for UTI (42%). The highest prevalence was observed among adult female (64%) followed by male and children (31% each). According to age groups, the highest prevalence was observed in female aged 16-35 years (70.73%) followed by female of 36-55 years (62.5%) and 56-75 years (52.63%). The highest prevalence for children was observed in age group 11-15 years (33.33%) and for adult male, it was 16-35 years (34.88%). The highest prevalence for adult female and male was observed in summer (66.67% and 38% respectively). The current study confirmed that Bangladeshi women and children are more vulnerable to UTI than Bangladeshi men. Regardless of age, women were more prone to UTI and the prevalence was highest in summer. Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 347-356, 2020

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