scholarly journals A five year retrospective study of paediatric tuberculosis patients registered in Nanded Municipal Corporation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2016
Author(s):  
Pralhad Sureshrao Potdar
Keyword(s):  
Control Programme ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Paediatric Tuberculosis

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most serious infections in the world contributing one third of the world’s population. Near about 11% of the childhood mortality and morbidity caused by tuberculosis worldwide, especially in developing countries. The aims and objectives of this study were to study retrospectively the clinical profile and treatment outcome of paediatric TB cases treated under RNTCP.Methods: An observational record based study was conducted among paediatric patients registered under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in NANDED city to know their disease profile from 2011- 2015.Results: In this study, the mean age of the study subjects was 10.58 years, most of them were in the 11-14 year age group (62.9%) followed by 6-10 years (25%) and 0-5 years (12.1%) respectively. with a female to male ratio of 6.1: 3.8. There were more cases of tuberculosis among female children with significantly more girls (61.4%) than boys (38.6%) {χ2=8.924, p< 0.01154 (S)} and 46.2% of them had extra pulmonary TB. Out of total (132), pulmonary TB cases were (53.8%) and among the extra pulmonary TB cases, tuberculous lymphadenitis (26.5%) was the commonest form for all ages followed by Abdominal Koch’s in 9.1%. Category I and II was started on 91.7% and 8.3% patients respectively. Overall, treatment completion rate was 82.5% and the default rate was 2.3% with a cure rate of 15.2%. More than one fourth of the study subjects gave a history of contact with tuberculosis patient.Conclusions: The probable reason for more prevalence of TB among females may be due to, neglected female child’s nutrition and health status in society. Paediatric tuberculosis still continues to be a major problem in 1-5 years of age who are undernourished and belonging to lower socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Treatment outcome of TB patients in a district of north India: a three year study

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 457-61
Author(s):  
P Padda ◽  
V Gupta ◽  
S Devgan ◽  
S Chaudhary ◽  
G Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
North India ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Northern India ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Positive Smear ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Cure Rates

Background   Tuberculosis (TB), still remains a public health problem of great concern. It was estimated that 8.6 million people developed TB and 1.3 million died from it. India has the highest TB burden in the world. DOTS ensures high cure. Therefore the present study was planned to assess the outcome of DOTS treatment among pulmonary and extra pulmonary TB patients reporting at DOTS centers of the district Materials and methods: A record based study using the routine program data of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme was conducted in one of twenty two districts of state of Punjab, situated in northern India. Records of all the patients registered from 1st January 2011 till 31st December 2013 were analysed using descriptive statistics. The differences between proportions were compared using tests of significance. Results:  A total of 2571 new cases of Tuberculosis were registered during the study period of three years, out of which 44.8%, 22.9% and 32.3% were diagnosed to be new smear positive, smear negative and suffering from Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB)  and a total of 369 retreatment cases were registered. Cure rates were highest among patients suffering from EPTB when compared to those of smear positive and smear negative. The proportion of defaulters among smear positive failures was highest, followed by smear positive after default and lowest in smear positive relapses. Conclusion Cure rates were higher among EPTB cases whereas default rate was more among patients suffering from pulmonary TB. Therefore higher level of motivation of cases by health and non-health personnel is required as untreated or under treated pulmonary TB cases are responsible for transmission of the disease in the community. Default rates could be decreased by concrete efforts in the form of strict supervision and monitoring. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v5i1.12376

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in dialysis patients: a nine-year retrospective analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Unsal ◽  
Elbis Ahbap ◽  
Taner Basturk ◽  
Yener Koc ◽  
Tamer Sakaci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Introduction: Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) among dialysis patients may be difficult because of increased frequency of extra-pulmonary presentations, atypical clinical manifestations, and non-specific symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of clinical presentations and outcome in dialysis patients during a nine-year period. Methodology: A total of 651 patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) for at least three months in our unit between 2001 and 2010 were studied. Dialysis and follow-up were performed in our tertiary care center located in the eastern region of Turkey. Diagnosis of TB was established by combining clinical, radiological, biochemical, microbiological, and histological findings. Choice of anti-TB drug used, the results of therapy, and patient outcome were noted. Results: Out of 651 dialysis patients studied, 322 (49.4%) were on PD and the remainder on HD (50.6%). Twenty-six (4%) of the 651 dialysis patients were diagnosed with TB (15 PD, 11 HD), 5 of whom were diagnosed by microbiological assessment, 9 by pathological assessment, and 12 by clinical and radiological findings. Mean age at diagnosis was 41.5 ± 16.5 years and the female/male ratio was 1.18. Three patients had a history of pulmonary TB. Extra-pulmonary involvement was observed in 17 (65.4%) patients. All patients were treated with rifampicin isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and pyridoxine. Four patients died during the study. Conclusion: TB occurred in dialysis patients and extra-pulmonary TB was more commonly identified than pulmonary TB. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was the most frequent form of extra-pulmonary TB in our cohort.

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of Acute Poisoning in Children at a Teaching Hospital in Lalitpur

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaya Kumar Dhakal ◽  
D Shrestha ◽  
A Shakya ◽  
SC Shah ◽  
H Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Poisoning In Children

Introduction: Acute poisonings are one of the common cause of emergency visits and hospital admissions and is potentially preventable cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. The objectives of this study were to identify the common type of poisoning in children, to determine types of poisoning according to age and to find out the common age group in which the incidence of poisoning was high.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive observational study done in a teaching hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal in patients aged 1 month to 18 years who visited the emergency department and were admitted to hospital with history of alleged poisoning from 2009 July to 2014 January.Results: Fifty patients were included. Drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common cause of poisoning. Drugs and kerosene below 10 years of age and organophosphorus and drugs above 10 years of age were common types of poisoning. Maximum numbers (50%) of children with poisoning cases were below five year of age. Mean duration of hospital stay was 2.1days and mean age of poisoning was 7.8 years with a male(54%) predominance. Majority of poisoning occurred at home (84%) and 68% of patients were symptomatic at presentation to hospital with 84% of patients presenting to hospital within six hours.Conclusion: This study showed that drugs, kerosene and organophosphorus were most common forms of poisoning. Young children were most vulnerable for acute poisoning.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.10139J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):100-103 

scholarly journals Association of type of tuberculosis with treatment outcome among paediatric tuberculosis patients in Bhopal city

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4205
Author(s):  
Sheloj Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Paediatric Tuberculosis

Background: Tuberculosis causes ill-health among millions of people each year and ranks as the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide, after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).The younger the child, the more are the chances of complications and death from the disease. The objective of the study was to find out the association of type of tuberculosis with the treatment outcome of paediatric TB patients registered under RNTCP in Bhopal city.Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in all tuberculosis treatment units (TU) of Bhopal city. All paediatric patients in the age group of 0 to 14 years diagnosed as TB and registered under RNTCP and fulfilling inclusion criteria during January 2013 to June 2013 were included in the study. Data regarding paediatric TB patients was collected by using a structured questionnaire. Information was also obtained in two subsequent visits of the patient, one at the end of intensive phase to know the response of treatment and other at the end of the treatment for treatment outcome. The data was analysed on statistical software SPSS vs.20.Results: The present study was conducted on 165 paediatric Tuberculosis patients who were registered for DOTS treatment under RNTCP. Pulmonary TB is common in all the age group of <1 and 1-10 years. Out of 165 paediatric patients,93.33% of patients were treatment completed in which 54.54% were pulmonary cases and 45.45% were extra pulmonary while 4.84% were declared cured, thus showing statistically significant association (X2=9.758 and p=0.04, df=4) between type of Tuberculosis and treatment outcome.Conclusions: Pulmonary TB is common in the age groups of <1 and 1-10 years while in 11-14 years of age group extra pulmonary TB is more common. There is statistically significant association between type of Tuberculosis and treatment outcome. 

scholarly journals Newer initiatives in revised national tuberculosis control programme and its current implementation status

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Soyam ◽  
Pallavi Boro
Keyword(s):  
Control Programme ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
National Tuberculosis Control Programme ◽  
Tuberculosis Control Programme ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
National Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Reduction Of Mortality

The Revised National Tuberculosis Control programme has continuously innovative and progressive in addressing issues related to Tuberculosis control in India. With the implementation of RNTCP, India has taken huge stride in reduction of mortality and morbidity due to TB. The programme has actively incorporated various new ideas, innovations and information communication technology to curb this menace. These newer initiatives provide unprecedented opportunities to control Tuberculosis more efficiently if it implemented effectively. India has made enormous progress towards TB control through their honest effort. Innovations will effectively leverage India’s endeavour. Programme must continue and sustain these efforts to make India TB free.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.11945 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 1-8   

scholarly journals Paediatric tuberculosis diagnosis using Mycobacterium tuberculosis real-time polymerase chain reaction assay: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Oladipo Babafemi ◽  
Benny P. Cherian ◽  
Beatrice Ouma ◽  
Gilbert Mangua Mogoko
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Paediatric Tuberculosis

Abstract Background Rapid and accurate diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis (TB) is key to manage the disease and to control and prevent its transmission. Collection of quality sputum samples without invasion methods from paediatrics (age < 16 years) with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains a challenge. Thus, the aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the overall accuracy of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based assay, for routine diagnosis of MTB in different samples from paediatrics with active pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis using mycobacterial culture as the gold standard in clinical microbiology laboratories. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the diagnostic test accuracy of RT-PCR based assay for the detection of MTB in paediatric clinical samples. A systematic literature search was performed for publications in any language. MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were among 9 bibliographic databases searched from August 2019 until November 2020. Bivariate random-effects model of meta-analysis were performed to generate pooled summary estimates (95% CIs) for overall accuracy of RT-PCR based assay compared to mycobacterial culture as the reference standard. Results Of the 1592 candidate studies, twenty-one eligible studies met our inclusion criteria. In total, the review and meta-analysis included 5536 (3209 PTB and 2327 EPTB). Summary estimates for pulmonary TB (11 studies) were as follows: sensitivity 56 (95% CI 51–62), specificity 97 (95% CI 96–98) and summary estimates for extra-pulmonary TB (10 studies) were as follows: sensitivity 87 (95% CI 82-91)) specificity 100 (95% CI 99–100). There was significant heterogeneity in sensitivity and specificity among the enrolled studies (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggested that the RT-PCR based assay could be a useful test for the diagnosis of paediatrics TB with high sensitivity and specificity in low-income/high-burden and upper medium income/low-burden settings. From the study, RT-PCR assay demonstrated a high degree of sensitivity for extra-pulmonary TB and good sensitivity for pulmonary TB which is an important factor in achieving effective global control and for patient management in terms of initiating early and appropriate anti-tubercular therapy. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018104052

scholarly journals Journey of Tuberculosis Control in India: From then till now

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Forhad Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Private Practitioners ◽  
Tuberculosis Control Programme ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Elimination Programme ◽  
History Of

The history of Tuberculosis control in India dates back to 1951 with mass vaccination with BCG and it started as a National Programme in 1962. Radical changes in the form of DOTS were incorporated with the start of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in 1997. Since then, TB control efforts have witnessed many changes in the form of daily DOTS, Injection free regimen for both drug sensitive & drug resistant TB, moving from fixed Categories of treatment regimen to Individualized treatment regimen based on prior Universal Drug susceptibility testing. Flexibility has been incorporated in the programme to accommodate Private practitioners in the form of various incentives. Introduction of Active case finding strategy has helped in early diagnosis leading to prompt treatments. Engagement of Community and leaders from all sectors and various organizations has helped to reach all communities in this fight against TB. India hopes to End TB by 2025 with rechristening the programme to National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) and bringing in the much needed changes & flexibilities in the programme.

scholarly journals Ulcerative Lupus Vulgaris on the Wrist

2021 ◽  
pp. 428-431
Author(s):  
Takahiro Mizuta ◽  
Miyuki Kato
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Lupus Vulgaris ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Unique Site ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
History Of

We report a case of ulcerative lupus vulgaris (LV) in a unique site, which facilitated the detection of internal organ tuberculosis (TB). A 68-year-old Japanese man presented with a reddish ulcerated painless lesion on his right wrist that had initially appeared 4 weeks earlier as a nontender nodule. There was no recent history of fever, weight loss, or cough. The results of tissue culture, PCR, and contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography were consistent with the diagnosis of ulcerative LV with underlying pulmonary TB and tuberculous lymphadenitis. The patient was started on anti-TB therapy. After 1 month of therapy, epithelialization of the ulcer was noted.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Factors Leading to Causation of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis among Cases Registered under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme in East Sikkim – A Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 440-444
Author(s):  
Forhad Akhtar Zaman ◽  
Vijay Kumar Mehta ◽  
Shraddha Deokota
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
National Tuberculosis Control Programme ◽  
Tuberculosis Control Programme ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Tuberculosis Control

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a curable and preventable disease. Emergence of multi drug resistance TB (MDR TB) threatens to undo the progress made towards control of TB. While treatment is available for MDR TB, it is of a long duration and is also more expensive and toxic. Understanding the various factors that are associated with MDR TB may help to formulate and implement effective preventive practices for control of MDR TB. We wanted to assess the various epidemiological factors among MDR TB cases registered under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in East Sikkim and study the current & past TB treatment including adverse drug reactions. METHODS A community-based case control study was conducted over 4 months in the eastern district of Sikkim. MDR TB cases registered under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in the first two quarters of 2019 were compared with matched healthy controls. Data was collected by a door to door survey using a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire and analysed on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20. RESULTS A total of 62 cases (14 non-respondents) of MDR TB were identified and were matched with 63 controls. 30.5 % cases were young adults in the age group 15 to 25 years, 66 % of the cases reported being currently unemployed, 16 % were homemakers, 11 % of cases fell below poverty line. A higher proportion of cases as compared to controls reported a habit of skipping a meal, poor housing conditions and comorbidities than controls. A known history of contact with a case of tuberculosis was given by 11.3 % cases; 18 % cases gave a previous history of TB; about 51 % cases reported a delay in diagnosis which delayed treatment initiation. CONCLUSIONS Previous history of TB with history of relapse / failure, contact of MDR TB emerged as the most significant risk factors and presence of comorbid conditions like diabetes & hypertension can be used to indicate higher risks of drug resistance. KEYWORDS Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, MDR TB, Case control, Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Sikkim

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