A cross sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among college students aged 18-25 years in and around Calicut

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has a major impact on both developed and developing nations as it has become as a leading cause of death all over the World. In recent years an increasingly robust body of epidemiological evidence has highlighted the proliferation of CVD risk factors worldwide. The westernization of dietary habits, decreased levels of physical activity, increased childhood obesity and increased tobacco consumption accelerated by industrialization, globalization now threaten once low risk regions. The project aims to establish the need for screening, risk assessment, education and management in young adults. Objective of the study was to assess the risk behaviours in relation to smoking habits, alcohol use, sexual promiscuity among college going youth populace in southern part of Calicut.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among college students aged 18-25 years around Calicut city. Study was conducted during the months of June 1st and July 30th 2016. The colleges were selected using simple random sampling method and the partakers were interviewed after getting assent from the concerned institutions. The sample size was calculated as 200 from WHO Global health observatory data prevalence of tobacco usage as 51%.Results: Mean (SD) age of study population is 20.90 (±2.11). Majority of the study population were females (78.5%) and males were 21.5%. Prevalence of smoking found to be 4% and alcohol consumption was found to be 2.5% among study population. BMI of the study population is 21.04 (±3.73).Conclusions: The results of this survey are alarming that the college going youth population fail to understand the devastating consequences of risky behaviours. Hence, interventions must be designed to prevent high-risk behaviours among the vulnerable population.

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Neck circumference and clustered cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016048 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. e016048 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

José Castro-Piñero ◽

Alvaro Delgado-Alfonso ◽

Luis Gracia-Marco ◽

Sonia Gómez-Martínez ◽

Irene Esteban-Cornejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Composition ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectiveEarly detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity, is crucial to prevent adverse long-term effects on individuals’ health. Therefore, the aims were: (1) to explore the robustness of neck circumference (NC) as a predictor of CVD and examine its association with numerous anthropometric and body composition indices and (2) to release sex and age-specific NC cut-off values to classify youths as overweight/obese.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting23 primary schools and 17 secondary schools from Spain.Participants2198 students (1060 girls), grades 1–4 and 7–10.MeasuresPubertal development, anthropometric and body composition indices, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), cardiorespiratory fitness, blood sampling triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), glucose and inflammatory markers. Homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and cluster of CVD risk factors were calculated.ResultsNC was positively correlated with all anthropometric and body composition indices. NC was negatively associated with maximum oxygen consumption (R2=0.231, p<0.001 for boys; R2=0.018, p<0.001 for girls) and positively associated with SBP, DBP, TC/HDL-c, TG, HOMA, complement factors C-3 and C-4, leptin, adiponectin and clustered CVD risk factor in both sexes (R2from 0.035 to 0.353, p<0.01 for boys; R2from 0.024 to 0.215, p<0.001 for girls). Moreover, NC was positively associated with serum C reactive protein, LDL-c and visfatin only in boys (R2from 0.013 to 0.107, p<0.05).ConclusionNC is a simple, low-cost and practical screening tool of excess of upper body obesity and CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. Paediatricians can easily use it as a screening tool for overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. For this purpose, sex and age-specific thresholds to classify children and adolescents as normal weight or overweight/obese are provided.

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Associations of n-3 Fatty Acids and Fish Consumption with the Metabolic Syndrome in College Students (P18-022-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz039.p18-022-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicole Karazurna ◽

Caitlin Porter ◽

Jesse Stabile Morrell ◽

Sherman Bigornia

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

College Students ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Young Adults ◽

Fish Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Age Related

Abstract Objectives Evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) and fish consumption may reduce the risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in older adults. We previously reported that MetS components are prevalent among college students. Identifying modifiable risk factors of developing MetS and its components in young adults will inform potential targets to reduce the risk of age-related health conditions. Our objectives were to measure the cross-sectional impacts of n-3 FA and fish consumption on ≥2 or ≥3 MetS criteria and individual criteria among college students. Methods The College Health and Nutrition Assessment Survey is an on-going cross-sectional study at a public New England college. We examined data from Jan 2008 – May 2017. After excluding those with missing data our final sample size was n = 4271 for n-3 FA & n = 2072 for fish intake analyses. Diet was assessed by a 3 day food record; MetS criteria were collected in fasted state. We expressed n-3 FAs as g/1000 kcals/d. Servings of fish/week was obtained via an online survey. Individuals were categorized as consuming ≥ 2 servings/week or not. MetS was defined as meeting ≥ 3 criteria: elevated glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure, waist circumference, and low HDL. Analyses were conducted by logistic regression. Results The average n-3 FA intake was 0.4 g/1000 kcal/d ± 0.25 & 40% consumed ≥ 2 servings of fish/week. Prevalence estimates for meeting ≥ 2 criteria was 18.8% and 4.8% for MetS. In sex- and energy- adjusted models, n-3 FA consumption was inversely associated with MetS (OR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.71) and ≥2 MetS criteria (OR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.49, 0.91). Associations were no longer significant after considering additional confounders. Fish consumption was not significantly associated with MetS or ≥2 criteria in any model. Further n-3 FAs and fish consumption was not associated with any individual MetS criteria. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study among college students, n-3 FA and fish consumption were not significantly associated with MetS outcomes. Further research is needed in this population using longitudinal study designs to understand long-term impact of n-3 consumption on the development of MetS and associated cardio metabolic risk factors in young adults. Funding Sources New Hampshire Agriculture Experiment Station and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project 1010738.

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Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in five major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the Korean population: a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2014

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014070 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. e014070 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yoon Jung Kim ◽

Ji Sung Lee ◽

Juri Park ◽

Dong Seop Choi ◽

Doo Man Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽

Korean Women ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Obesity And Diabetes

ObjectivesTo examine trends in socioeconomic inequalities in major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among the Korean population.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA nationally representative population survey database.ParticipantsA total of 42 725 Koreans, aged 25–64 years, who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) II (2001) to VI (2013–2014).Main outcome measuresTrends in socioeconomic inequalities in five major CVD risk factors (smoking, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia).ResultsGender differences were noted in the time trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking, obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Among men, low socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with higher prevalence of smoking, but not with obesity, diabetes or hypertension. The magnitudes of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking, obesity and diabetes remained unchanged, and the magnitude of the inequality in hypertension decreased over time. However, among women, low SES was associated with higher prevalence of smoking, obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Time trends towards increasing socioeconomic inequalities, measured by income, in smoking, obesity and diabetes were found in women. Unlike the other CVD risk factors, hypercholesterolaemia was not associated with socioeconomic inequality.ConclusionsSES had a stronger impact on major CVD risk factors among Korean women than men. Moreover, socioeconomic inequalities in smoking, obesity and diabetes worsened among Korean women over time. Public policies to prevent smoking, obesity and diabetes in women with lower SES are needed to address inequalities.

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Physical activity and dietary habits of Filipino college students

Kinesiology ◽

10.26582/k.50.1.11 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 57-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elizabeth Acampado ◽

Madonna Valenzuela

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

College Students ◽

Food Intake ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Student Population ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Survey Questionnaire ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

No published study has been tracked to date on the physical activity (PA) and dietary habits (DH) of Filipino college students. Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to determine (1) the prevalence of regular PA among college students in a Philippine setting and (2) the reasons for either adherence to PA or for being inactive, (3) to describe DH of the students, (4) to compare PA involvement and DH across year levels, and (5) to correlate PA and diet behaviors. Data were collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. Results showed that only 32.8% of the 1,706 students in this study engaged in regular PA. There were greater proportions of inactivity at higher-year levels (62.5%, 66.5%, 76.5%, and 84.8% in the first, second, third and fourth year, respectively). The major reason for inactivity was lack of time, while the students’ PA adherence was largely due to predisposing factors such as knowledge about PA, beliefs in benefits and enjoyment of PA, and confidence in performing physical activity. About one of every three students in each year level had below-average to poor dietary habits, meaning they seldom eat proper types of food. Findings of this study indicate the need for an intervention that will effectively increase regular PA and ensure proper food intake in the student population.

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Risk Factors Associated With Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study of 963 College Students

Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics ◽

10.1016/j.jmpt.2009.12.005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 88-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

David P. Gilkey ◽

Thomas J. Keefe ◽

Jennifer L. Peel ◽

Osama M. Kassab ◽

Catherine A. Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

College Students ◽

Back Pain ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

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Role of Inflammation on the Control of the Arterial Hypertension among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions ◽

10.31579/2641-0419/035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 01-05

Author(s):

Ylber Jani ◽

Atila Rexhepi ◽

Bekim Pocesta ◽

Ahmet Kamberi ◽

Fatmir Ferati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vital Role ◽

Good Evidence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Population ◽

Independent Association ◽

Current Guidelines

BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that hypertension is a pro-inflammatory disease and that the immune system plays a vital role in mediating hypertensive outcomes, end organ damages . and modulation of hypertensive pathology [2]. Patient with MetS usually present increased levels of C-reaktive protein (CRP) wich is a prototypic marker of inflammation [5], however the data of the influence of incresed levels of CRP on the control of the aterial hypertension in patients with MetS, are scarce. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the incresed CRP levels influence on the control of the aterial hypertension in patients with MetS. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter observational cross-sectional study. The study population recruited from a coule of outpatient clinic between june 2018 and june 2019. The population study consisted of 420 patients with MetS aged ≥ 18 years, divided in two groups:211 with level of CRP>3mg/l , and 209 participans with CRP level <3mg/l. RESULTS: Among those with CRP level > 3mg/l(N=211) controlled BP according to evidence and current guidelines, was achieved in 23.6% of participans, whereas among those with CRP level <3mg/l(N=209) controlled BP was achived in 48.3%; p=0.000). There was independent association of CRP levels >3mg/l with uncontrolled BP (OR=3.1, 95%CI 2.06 - 4.75). There were signifiacant association of uncontrolled BP with: uncontrolled glycemia (OR =1.4,95%CI 0.97-1.84); increased BMI (OR=4.4; 95%CI 3.02-4.05) and five risk factors for MetS.(OR=2.3, 95%CI 1.93-2.81). CONCLUSIONS: We think,we brought some good evidence,in our present study ,that patients with MetS and higher CRP level have a higher prevalence of unconrolled BP.

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Prevalence and correlates of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Nigerian ART-naive HIV population: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019664 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e019664 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Udeme E Ekrikpo ◽

Effiong E Akpan ◽

John U Ekott ◽

Aminu K Bello ◽

Ikechi G Okpechi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectivesHIV infection environment presents a classic example of the interplay between infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors abound in the HIV population even before initiation of antiretrovirals (ARVs) and predispose them to the development of stroke and myocardial infarction. This work focuses on determining the prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors among ARV-naive HIV individuals in southern Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of ARV-naive patients initiating care at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital HIV clinic cohort to determine the prevalence and correlates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and dyslipidaemia.ResultsThe sample consisted of 4925 assessed for hypertension, 5223 for obesity, 1818 for DM and 926 for dyslipidaemia. Hypertension prevalence was 26.7% (95% CI 25.5% to 28.0%) with a male preponderance (p=0.02). DM was found in 5.6% (95% CI 4.5% to 6.7%), obesity in 8.3% (95% CI 7.6% to 9.1%) and dyslipidaemia in 29.1% (95% CI 26.1% to 32.1%) with a high prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein-c (42.6%). Hypertension was independently associated with age (OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.05), p<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.06 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.08), p<0.001), obesity with age (OR 1.02 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.03), p<0.001), male gender (OR 0.38 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.49), p<0.001) and CD4 count (OR 2.63 (95% CI 1.96 to 3.53), p<0.001) while dyslipidaemia was associated with BMI (OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.10), p=0.03).ConclusionThe prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors is high in this ART-naive HIV population. An integrated approach of HIV and NCD screening/treatment may be relevant for centres in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Law enforcement and cardiovascular risk: Findings of a cross-sectional study from Rural Karnataka

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v8i3.16582 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 49-54

Author(s):

Carolin Elizabeth George ◽

Norman Gift ◽

Devashri Mukherjee ◽

Tatarao Maddipati

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Framingham Risk ◽

Police Personnel

Background: Police personnel experience job-related factors that put them at risk of heart disease. Close encounter with difficult situations and unpredictability of working hours posethem with high stress which can increase the chance of heart disease. Aims and Objective: The current study aims to find out the prevalence of individual and aggregated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and a10 year risk prediction of a fatal or non-fatal cardiac events using the Framingham risk score.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 60 police personnel of Devanahalli Taluk in Bangalore rural district. The study comprised a pre tested semi structured questionnaire; body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements, and random plasma glucose estimation. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated for Framingham risk score with individual CVD risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression was done to measure the association of CVD risk factors with Framingham risk score.Results: The prevalence of aggregated cardiovascular risk was high, 85% of them had a combination of 2 or more risk factors. Greater age (> 50 years), smoking, waist circumference, waist hip ratio and presence of hypertension were significantly associate with high 10 year CVD risk categories. Age and systolic blood pressure showed a significant positive correlation with CVD risk.Conclusion: An alarming 40% of the police personnel had a high risk of a fatal or non-fatal cardiac event in the next 10 years. This warrants the need for regular CVD risk factor screening and targeted health education programs along with lifestyle modification counselling.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(3) 2017 49-54

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Characteristics related to fish consumption and the risk of ichthyozoonosis in a Colombian population

Revista de Salud Pública ◽

10.15446/rsap.v21n6.69898 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Jenniffer Alejandra Castellanos-Garzon ◽

Alvaro Daschner ◽

Maria Pustovrh ◽

Carmen Cuellar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Fish Consumption ◽

Medical Records ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The City

Objective This study aimed to determine the dietary habits related to fish consumption and the risk factors associated with acquiring an ichthyo-zoonotic disease.Materials and Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out by means of a structured survey administered to 150 individuals in the city of Cali, Colombia.Results Epidemiological variables regarding fish consumption and preparation were contrasted with the medical records of the respondents. The median fish consumption in the surveyed population was three times a month, with raw or salted/marinated fish once a month. A positive correlation between fish consumption and allergic conditions was confirmed. There was no infectious or parasitic history associated with the data on fish consumption.Conclusions A relationship between fish consumption and allergies was confirmed. Further research is necessary to establish the possible pathogens associated with hypersensitivity, such as parasites of the Anisakidae family.

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A Cross-Sectional Study of Risk Factors for Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children 8–13 Years of Age in Suzhou, China

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2014/198461 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xueping Zhu ◽

Weichang Chen ◽

Xiaoli Zhu ◽

Yueping Shen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Trend Test ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parental History ◽

History Of ◽

Study Population ◽

Irritable Bowel

To determine the prevalence and risk factors of IBS in children 8–13 years of age in Suzhou city, a cross-sectional study was conducted on children in grades 1 through 6 in public elementary schools in three districts of Suzhou. A multistage stratified random-sampling survey was conducted in a primary investigation using standardized questionnaires. Rome II criteria were used to confirm IBS and their risk factors were analyzed. Of 8,000 questionnaires 7,472 responded satisfactorily for a response rate of 93.4%. IBS was diagnosed in 10.81%. A decrease in the prevalence of IBS was significantly associated with advancing age and grade in school (trend test,P<0.05). The prevalence of IBS in females was higher but not significantly different than males. The significant risk factors for IBS included young age (OR = 0.94), food allergy (OR = 1.53), gastroenteritis during childhood (OR = 1.29), eating fried food (OR = 1.62), anxiety (OR = 1.49), psychological insults in early childhood (OR = 1.47), and parental history of constipation (OR = 1.81; allP<0.05). IBS prevalence of 10.81% in study population warrants preventive measures such as encouraging dietary changes, preventing gastroenteritis and childhood psychological insults.

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