scholarly journals A study on prevalence of various risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases in urban and rural areas of Dharwad region

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5101
Author(s):  
Murari Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Pushpa S. Patil ◽  
Umesh R. Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Tobacco Usage

Background: Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is routinely carried out in developed countries. The aim was to study the prevalence of risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases in urban and rural areas of Dharwada population.Methods: A total of 652 subjects (male-328; female-324) with an age group 15-64 years from rural and urban areas of Dharwad population were selected for the present study. Pregnant women, severe chronic illness, bedridden patients and subjects who refused to participate in the study were excluded from the study. Age-sex, religion educational status, and occupation, type of family, socioeconomic status followed by a questionnaire on the use of tobacco, alcohol were collected and tabulated.Results: Subjects with tobacco smoking habit were 30 (9.2%) in the urban area which was more in comparison to 11 (3.4%) in the rural area. In the urban area, tobacco usage was more among males (62.9%) and unemployed (55.9%) and it was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). In the rural area, tobacco usage was more among 40-64 years age group (39.4%), males (61.6%), literates (39.4%), employed (48.8%) and lower socioeconomic group (39.2%) and it was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The alcohol consumption habit among the study subjects was more in the age group of 40-64 years in both urban (18.3%) and rural (9.6%) area and they were found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Consumption of tobacco, alcohol is the major risk factor in the management of cardiovascular diseases in the urban and rural population.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Prevalence of RTI/STI Symptoms and Treatment Seeking Behaviour among the Married Women in Urban and Rural Areas of Delhi

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anjana Verma ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Meena ◽  
Bratati Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background. In developing countries, women are at high risk for several reproductive health problems especially RTI/STIs. Since all RTIs/ STIs are preventable and most of them are curable, it is pertinent to study the determinants of the health seeking behaviour.Objectives. To compare the prevalence and treatment seeking behaviour about RTI/STI symptoms among the married women of reproductive age group (18–45 years) living in urban and rural area of Delhi.Methods. A cross-sectional study was done among the married women of reproductive age group residing in Pooth Khurd, a village in North West district of Delhi, and Delhi Gate, an urban locality situated in central Delhi.Results. In this study, the prevalence of RTI/STI symptoms was found to be similar in both urban (42.3%) and rural area (42%). In urban area, 73% sought treatment, while in rural area only 45.6% sought treatment. Prevalence of the symptoms was found to be higher among the study subjects who were not using any contraceptive method, had history of abortion, and were with lower educational status, in both urban and rural areas. Treatment seeking behaviour was significantly higher among the educated women, contraceptive users, and older age group women in both rural and urban area.

scholarly journals The seasonal variability of the amount of global solar radiation reaching the ground in urban and rural areas on the example of Warsaw and Belsk

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Kinga Nelken ◽  
Kamil Leziak
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Urban Station ◽  
Reverse Relationship ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to determine the contemporary differences in the inflow of global solar radiation in Warsaw (urban station) and Belsk (rural station). The meteorological data used comprised daily sums of global solar radiation (in MJ•m−2) and the duration of sunshine (in hours) for the period 2008 2014. On clear days in spring and summer, the rural area receives more solar radiation in comparison to the urban area, whereas in autumn a reverse relationship occurs. On cloudy days in all seasons, the rural area receives more solar radiation than the urban area, and the relationship is the strongest in winter. Differences between urban and rural areas on cloudy days are smaller than those observed on clear days.

scholarly journals Assessment of Women participation in Agriculture in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnan Tharani ◽  
Mohamed Sameem Roshan Akther ◽  
Nanthakumaran Ananthini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Women Participation

An attempt was made to assess the women contribution towards agriculture in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka. 60 farm family households' women were randomly selected from rural and urban area of Kovilkulam AI region of Vavuniya district in Sri Lanka and the data were collected by constructed questionnaire. The objectives of this study are to identify the factors contributing women participation in agriculture, to identify the constraints faced by the women in participating agriculture and to evaluate the women participation in decision making activity in agriculture. Minitab 15 and MS excel were used for data analysis. The level of women participation in agricultural activities was found out using chi-square test and the factors contributing for women participation in agricultural activities were identified using multiple regression analysis in urban and rural areas separately (α=0.05). The results revealed that 90% of the rural women respondents and 50% of the urban respondents participated in the agricultural activities which is a significant difference. The mean values of women participation in agricultural activities in urban and rural areas were 77 hours and 836 hours per annum respectively. The multiple regression model for women participation in urban area found that the participation of women negatively correlated with status of employment, age and education level (p=0.000). In rural area, age and educational level were negatively influencing on women participation in agricultural activities (p=0.000). R-square values of fitted regression models were 72 % and 91% in urban and rural area respectively 72% and 91% variation in respective women participation were explained by these models. The obstacles for the women in participation in agricultural activities were reported as lack of knowledge and training in agriculture field, family burden, cultural and social barriers and physical constraints. 60% of women from rural areas and 90% of women from urban areas were involved in decision making especially in the selection of crops and varieties for planting and livestock rearing. Enhancing the awareness and the technical knowledge to the women in the field of agriculture would contribute to increase income from agriculture at household level, district level and finally at national level. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-3: 159-162

scholarly journals Rural and urban prevalence of sexual assault against women in an African population

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-635
Author(s):  
Adeleke NA ◽  
Adebimpe WO ◽  
Farinloye EO ◽  
Olowookere AS
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Sexual assault is about the most dehumanizing form of gender based violence against women worldwide. Nigeria and many other countries in Africa do not have National data on women sexual assault. This survey is aimed at generating data on sexual assault against women in Osun state, Nigeria. Objective: To determine the patterns of sexual assault against women in Urban and Rural areas of Osun State in South western Nigeria. Methodology: A cross section survey using interviewer administered questionnaire was carried out among selected 1,200 women aged 15 years and above in urban and rural areas, between August and December 2014. The questionnaire was patterned after WHO Multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence data instrument. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 23.75 ±(13.22) years in rural area, in the urban area it was 27.69 ±(10.23) years. 46 % and 54 % were married in urban and rural areas respectively. The prevalence of completed rape was 10.0 % in urban and 9.2 % in rural, while that of attempted rape was 31.4 % and 20.0 % in the urban and rural area respectively. Women in the rural areas experienced repeat sexual assault and suffered non-genital injuries more the in urban area. Having partner and living in urban area were associated with female sexual assault. Conclusions: Sexual assault against women constitutes public health issue in Osun state with rural women incurring greater negative health consequences. Primary prevention strategies should focus at young men and women in both rural and urban areas of the state. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.628-635

scholarly journals Invertebrate fauna of Norway spruce (Picea abies) saplings and its connection with the nitrogen, sulphur and phenolics concentration of the needles

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Laine ◽  
Juhani Itämies ◽  
Markku Orell ◽  
Sisko Kvist
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The composition of the invertebrate fauna living on young Norway spruce (Picea abies) branches was studied in northern Finland both in urban and rural areas during the summer months of 1988. Attention was given to the total nitrogen, sulphur and phenolics concentration of the needles. The material consisted of 52627 invertebrates from 300 separate spruce saplings. Mites formed the majority of the invertebrates. Most numerous were Ameronothrus dubinini, Diapterobates humeralis and Ceratoppia bipilis. Springtails and spiders were also numerous. The invertebrate abundances were highest in the urban areas of Isko and Linnanmaa, where the sulphur and nitrogen concentration of the needles was high and the phenolics/nitrogen ratio low. The lowest invertebrate abundances were found in Rusko, the most urban area, and Taivalkoski, the most rural area. Nitrogen and sulphur concentrations were highest at Rusko and lowest at Taivalkoski. Possible reasons for the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative study to determine self-medication practice and pattern in urban and rural areas of Etawah district

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Nishant Singh ◽  
Naresh Pal Singh ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Jain ◽  
Vaibhav Singh ◽  
Shailendra Chaurasiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: According to William Osler, a great feature which distinguishes man from animals is the desire to take medicine. Self-medication is an age old practice. According to World Health Organization guidelines “self-medication is defined as use of medicinal products by the individuals to treat self-recognized disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continuous use of a medication prescribed by a physician for chronic or recurring diseases or symptoms.Methods: It was a cross sectional study, which was conducted among residents of urban and rural areas of Etawah district, Uttar Pradesh by using 40×5 cluster sampling. The data was collected by using pre designed, semi-structured questionnaire. Proforma included socio- demographic profile, practice of self- medication and pattern of self-medication.Results: Most of the participants who indulged in self-medication in urban areas 69.5% and rural areas 65% belong to the age group 20-39 years. Majority of the participants (51.0%) in urban areas belonged to the nuclear family while most of the participants (50%) belonged to joint family followed by nuclear family (40%) in rural areas. most common reason for self-medication in urban area was the availability of old prescription which is present in 30.0% (60) of subjects but in rural area most common reason for self-medication was high fee of doctor which was 29.0% (58).Conclusions: Most common age group indulged in self-medication was 20-39 years. Most common reason for self-medication was availability of old prescription at home while in rural area, high fees of doctor was the common reason for self-medication.

scholarly journals Identification of Risk Factors for Diabetes Disability Among Bangladeshi Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhuyan KC
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
National Level ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The paper was to throw some light on the risk factors for diabetes disability among Bangladeshi adults of 18 years and above residing in both urban and rural areas. In investigating the adults, it was decited to cover 50.1% males and 49.9% females to maintain the national level of sex ratio in the sample. The respondents were interviewed when they were visiting some diagnostic centres in urban and semi-urban areas. The percentage of diabetic respondents included in the sample was 67% and 25.5% of them were suffering for 10 years and above, 6.4% were disable against 4.8% total disable respondents in the sample, and obese adults were 30.2%. Diabetic disable adults in the sample were 4.3%. The most responsible variable for diabetes disability was obesity followed by longer duration of diabetes, sedentary activity, smoking habit, being housewife, being married, etc. These variables were identified on the basis of risk ratio and correlation coefficients of variables and discriminant function scores. Beside these variables, rural people, Muslims, adults of ages 40-50 years, illiterate people had more risk of facing the problem of diabetes disability.

scholarly journals Identification of Risk Factors for Diabetes Disability among Bangladeshi Adults

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
K.C. Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
National Level ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The paper was to throw some light on the risk factors for diabetes disability among Bangladeshi adults of 18 years and above residing in both urban and rural areas. In investigating the adults, it was decided to cover 50.1% males and 49.9% females to maintain the national level of sex ratio in the sample. The respondents were interviewed when they were visiting some diagnostic centres in urban and semi-urban areas. The percentage of diabetic respondents included in the sample was 67% and 25.5% of them were suffering for 10 years and above, 6.4% were disable against 4.8% total disable respondents in the sample, and obese adults were 30.2%. Diabetic disable adults in the sample were 4.3%. The most responsible variable for diabetes disability was obesity followed by longer duration of diabetes, sedentary activity, smoking habit, being housewife, being married, etc. These variables were identified on the basis of risk ratio and correlation coefficients of variables and discriminant function scores. Beside these variables, rural people, Muslims, adults of ages 40 – 50 years, illiterate people had more risk of facing the problem of diabetes disability.

scholarly journals Kadar glukosa darah dan tekanan darah pada penduduk pedesaan dan perkotaan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasmini Tasmini ◽  
Arta Farmawati ◽  
Sunarti Sunarti ◽  
Pramudji Hastuti ◽  
Ahmad Hamim Sadewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRAK Sebagian besar penduduk di daerah pedesaan bertaraf ekonomi menengah ke bawah, memiliki keterbatasan akses informasi, dan memiliki mata pencaharian berbeda dibanding penduduk kota. Bantar Kulon merupakan daerah pedesaan dan Kronggahan adalah daerah perkotaan di Yogyakarta. Mengingat terjadinya pergeseran pola penyakit dari penyakit menular ke penyakit tidak menular serta adanya pengaruh lingkungan dan gaya hidup terhadap terjadinya penyakit degeneratif, dilakukan pengkajian mengenai faktor risiko sindroma metabolik di dua daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan kadar glukosa darah puasa (GDP) dan tekanan darah (TD), serta keluhan/ penyakit utama pada penduduk di daerah pedesaan dan perkotaan. Sebanyak 71 orang dari Bantar Kulon dan 91 orang dari Kronggahan diperiksa kadar GDP menggunakan GCU Multi-Function Monitoring System (EasyTouch®). Tekanan darah diperiksa menggunakan sphygmomanometer raksa dan otomatis. Faktor risiko GDP dan TD kedua lokasi ditampilkan dalam bentuk deskriptif berdasarkan cut-off (GDP: ≥100mg/dL; TD: ≥140/90 mmHg). Uji t atau Mann Whitney U dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaaan nilai variabel antar kedua lokasi. Hasil dinyatakan berbeda bermakna jika p<0,05. Data keluhan kesehatan ditampilkan secara deskriptif. Tidak ada perbedaan kadar GDP antara desa dan kota (p=0,385). Persentase subjek yang memiliki GDP ≥ 100 mg/dL lebih banyak di kota dibanding desa (42,3% vs 26,4%). Persentase hipertensi berdasarkan pemeriksaan lebih tinggi di kota dibanding desa (50,5% vs 33,8%). Berdasarkan wawancara, keluhan/ penyakit tertinggi pada kedua wilayah adalah hipertensi sebanyak 23 orang (33,82%) di desa dan 30 (32,97%) di kota. Disimpulkan bahwa faktor risiko GDP di atas normal lebih banyak ditemukan di desa sedangkan hipertensi lebih banyak ditemukan di kota. Keluhan/ penyakit utama di kedua wilayah adalah hipertensi.KATA KUNCI kadar glukosa darah; penyakit metabolik; hipertensi; pedesaan; perkotaan             ABSTRACT Most people living in rural areas are from lower to middle income class, have limited access to information, and have different occupations compared to those in urban areas. In Yogyakarta, Bantar Kulon is a rural area, while Kronggahan is an urban area. Currently, the pattern of disease is shifting from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases with environment and lifestyle factors as determinants. Thus, it is necessary to study the trends of risk factors for metabolic syndrome in both areas. This study aimed to seek the difference of  fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure (BP), and major complaints/illness between rural and urban areas. 71 people from Bantar Kulon and 91 people from Kronggahan were examined for FBG levels using GCU Monitoring System (EasyTouch®). Blood pressures were checked using sphygmomanometer. Risk factors for FBG and BP were presented as frequencies based on cut-offs (FBG: ≥100mg/dL; BP: ≥140/90 mmHg). T-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the difference in variables between both areas. Results were significantly different if p <0.05. Health complaint data were displayed descriptively. There was no difference in FBG level between rural and urban areas (p = 0.385). The percentage of subjects with  FBG ≥ 100 mg / dL was higher in Kronggahan than in Bantar Kulon (42.3% vs 26.4%). Based on examination, percentage of hypertension was higher in urban than rural areas (50.5% vs. 33.8%). Based on interviews, the top complaint/ disease in both areas was hypertension. The number of subjects who were diagnosed with hypertension were 23 (33,82%) and 30 (32,97%) from Bantar Kulon and Kronggahan respectively. Impaired fasting glucose was more common in Bantar Kulon (rural area) while hypertension is more common in Kronggahan (urban area). The main complaint / disease in both regions is hypertension.KEYWORDS blood glucose; metabolic syndrome; hypertension; rural area; urban area

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Ehrlichia canisin dogs from the Pantanal of Mato Grosso State, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Gabriela Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Andréia Lima Tomé Melo ◽  
Jonas Moraes-Filho ◽  
Rute Witter ◽  
Marcelo Bahia Labruna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Pcr Targeting

The present study evaluated the presence of EhrlichiaDNA in the blood samples of 320 dogs from the urban and rural areas of the municipality of Poconé, Pantanal region, Mato Grosso state, by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), targeting the ehrlichial dsbgene. Risk factors for infection in dogs were also evaluated. Forty-eight (15%, 95% CI: 11.4-19.5%) dogs were positive: 25 (15.6%, 95% CI: 10.4-22.2%) from the urban area and 23 (14.4%, 95% CI: 9.3-20.8%) from the rural area (P > 0.05). Partial DNA sequence obtained from PCR products of 18 samples from the urban area and 16 samples from the rural area were 100% identical to E. canis from Brazil and the USA. This study reports the first E. canis molecular detection in dogs from the northern Pantanal region.

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