scholarly journals Seroprevalence and trends of markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors: a 3-year hospital based-study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerold C. Alcantara ◽  
Farhan Khalaf M. Alenezi ◽  
Omar Hafiz Haj Ali
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Donor Retention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Donors

Background: Evaluating the trends and rates of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) among blood donors ensure that supplies of blood are safe and a proficient donor screening is in place. Hence, the study assessed the prevalence and trends of TTI markers among blood donors in Hail, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A retrospective review was done using donor records in a 3-year period from January 2013 to December 2015. All samples underwent to mandatory serological screening. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used appropriately. Distribution tables were developed to discern the trends that exist and compare the prevalence rates among different age groups. Significant level was set at 5% (p<0.05).Results: Of the 11,162 blood donors evaluated, 1.5% was found positive for TTI markers. The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HTLV I/II, syphilis and malaria were 1.2, 0.04, 0.07, 0.2 and 0.02%, respectively. No blood donor showed positive for HIV markers. Majority of the infections were evident among replacement donors (57.3%). Greater number was observed from the age group of 30-39 years. Statistically, there was no significant difference among the various age groups.Conclusions: The prevalence rate of TTIs in this study is comparably lower than in other regions of Saudi Arabia and some countries, with no significant variation among the different age groups. HBV continues to be the highest rate of infections inflicting blood donors. Methods to improve donor retention, encouragement and recruitment of new donors have to be identified. 

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of IgG against conformational and linear capsid antigens of parvovirus B19 in Italian blood donors

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. MANARESI ◽  
G. GALLINELLA ◽  
A. M. MORSELLI LABATE ◽  
P. ZUCCHELLI ◽  
D. ZACCARELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Capsid Proteins ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Linear Epitopes

Serum samples from 446 Italian blood donors between 18 and 65 years of age were analysed for the presence of IgG against parvovirus B19 capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 including conformational and linear epitopes. The overall prevalence of IgG against parvovirus B19 capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 against at least one antigen type was 79·1%. No significant difference was found between men and women. In the 18–27 years age group, 77·0% of the population had experienced infection with the virus, reaching 88·5% in the 48–57 years age group. The overall prevalence of IgG was 78·0% against conformational VP1+VP2 antigens, 74·9% against conformational VP2, 70·9% against linear VP1 and 23·3% against linear VP2 in the analysis of the IgG response against different conformational and linear epitopes of VP1 and VP2. Although IgG against conformational VP1+VP2, conformational VP2 and linear VP1 was present in more than 60% of subjects in all age groups, IgG against VP2 linear antigens was present in only 32% of subjects in the 18–27 years age group and then decreased to 20·5% in the 28–37 years age group. A different trend was noted when IgG positivity against linear and conformational epitopes was analysed separately in men and women. A significant increase was found in seroprevalence of IgG against VP2 conformational antigens with increasing age in males and a significant decrease in seroprevalence of IgG against VP2 linear antigens in women with increasing age.

scholarly journals The Seroprevalence of Human Toxoplasmosis in Oman

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
M.A. Idris ◽  
S.S. Al-Jaedy ◽  
S.H.S. Al-Dhahry
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Comparative Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference

The prevalence of Toxoplasma 1gG antibodies was studied in three age groups (children. blood donors and pregnant women) in Oman. The highest prevalence rate was shown by pregnant women (39.5%). followed by children (2l%) and lastly by blood donors ( I0. 5%). Prevalence rates were analyzed by age groups and showed no significant difference. Furthermore. a comparative sensitivity analysis between the three tests, ELISA 1gG. DA and MEIA Toxo 1gG was performed. There was no significant difference between them.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Clinically Relevant Candida Species in Postmenopausal Women with Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sarah Al Halteet ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Hadi ◽  
Mohamed Hassan ◽  
Mohamed Awad
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vitek 2

The incidence of diabetes mellitus has increased in Saudi Arabia, which has raised the risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). This study highlights the prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species among postmenopausal women with diabetes with symptoms of VVC in Taif, a city in Saudi Arabia. Several diagnostic tools were used to differentiate the yeast isolates, including microscopic examination, culture morphology on CHROM agar, further confirmation with the VITEK 2 system, and ITS1 and ITS4 region sequencing. Antifungal susceptibility of the selected Candida species was determined using the VITEK 2 system (bioMérieux Inc., USA). Out of the 550 high vaginal swabs investigated, 86 specimens were Candida species positive (15.6%) with a significant difference according to age; the positivity in the 45–50 years’ age group (12%) was higher than that in the 51–55 years’ age group (3.6%). Candida albicans was the most common causative agent in 51 samples (59.3%), followed by C. glabrata in 21 samples (24.41%) and C. krusei in 14 samples (16.27%), with no significant differences between the age groups. Three isolates, including two C. albicans and one C. krusei, exhibited resistance against all the tested antifungal agents. CHROM agar and VITEK 2 were accurate phenotypic tools to identify Candida species with 100% sensitivity and specificity and were consistent with the phylogenetic characterization. The data emphasized the importance of identifying Candida species and their antifungal susceptibility among postmenopausal women with diabetes, highlighting the potential risk posed by diabetes in this age group.

scholarly journals Age Related Variation in Feminine Handwriting among Population Groups of Delhi, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vijit Deepani ◽  
A.K Kapoor ◽  
Monika Saini
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Related Variation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Micro Features ◽  
Lower Loop

Background: Handwriting is a uniquely human trait which progresses and evolves during lifetime and declines with age. The aim of the present paper is to assess variation in handwriting features with age among female writers of select population groups of Delhi, India (for roman script). Method: A total of 405 handwritten samples were obtained from female (n=405) writers in the age range of 14-60 years. Writers were stratified into three age groups (≤ 18 years, 19-38 years and ≥39 years) in accordance to population group. Macro- and micro-features of handwriting were extracted from the scanned handwritten samples. These features were subjected to statistical analysis in the objective driven research. Result: The mean difference among age groups for pen pressure, height of handwriting and handwriting connectivity was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Significant difference was also observed among age groups for all micro-features of handwriting selected in the present study, namely, nature of ‘i’ – dot (p < 0.001), nature of lower loop of ‘g’ (p < 0.01); nature of‘d’- stem (p < 0.01), nature of ‘m’-hump (p < 0.05) and ‘r’- shape (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed that there was a significant variation in both macro- and micro- features of handwriting with respect to age of the writer. Pen pressure, height of handwriting and handwriting connectivity were prominent macro-features that addressed age related variation in handwriting. In addition, significant variation was observed among age groups for all micro-features of handwriting selected in the present study. The present study has immense forensic significance as it can assist to analyze age of the writer on the basis of handwriting characteristics.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori infection in a National Referral Hospital in Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Chhabi Lal Adhikari ◽  
Guru Prasad Dhakal ◽  
Nongluck Suwisith ◽  
Sonam Dargay ◽  
Krishna P Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium causing chronic gastric infection and may cause gastric cancer. It was necessary to see the trend of infection, especially in symptomatic patients. This retrospective descriptive study was aimed to describe the characteristics of H. pylori infection in Bhutanese patients referred for an endoscopy to the National Referral Hospital, Thimphu. Methods: The sample of the study was randomized 380 medical records of the patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and Rapid Urea Test for symptomatic dyspepsia and peptic ulcer. Data was collected using a survey form designed by the researchers. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and either Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was very high (76.6%). The mean age of the infection was 42 with a range from 15 to 84 years. The highest prevalence of infection was observed in the age group 20-29 years (82.7%) and lowest in the oldest age group 70-84 years (66.7%). The analysis showed no significant difference in infection amongst age groups, gender, and endoscopic findings to the positive results at 5% significant level except for monthly prevalence (p<0.001). Gastritis was the commonest endoscopy finding (153/380) and gastro-duodenitis had the highest positivity rate (88.9%). Conclusion: The prevalence of infection was relatively high compared with previous studies. Young and middle-aged adults had a high prevalence and this group needs to be given priority for screening and eradication treatment considering limited resources to prevent associated gastric cancer in Bhutan.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Cullin-1 Expression in Preeclamptic Placenta and its Association with Pregnancy Termination Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Makbruri Makbruri ◽  
Isabella Kurnia Liem ◽  
Ahmad Aulia Jusuf ◽  
Tantri Hellyanti
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cellular Factors ◽  
Termination Time

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a systemic syndrome occurring in 3–5% of pregnancies, caused by disorders of cellular factors resulting in the disruption of trophoblast differentiation and invasion which is important for the placental development and maintaining pregnancy. Cullin-1 is a protein that plays a role in the process of maintaining pregnancy, development, and trophoblast invasion in the placenta. Until now, there have been no studies linking the expression of cullin-1 in preeclamptic patients with the timing of pregnancy termination. AIM: This study analyzed cullin-1 expression in preeclamptic patients and their relationship to the timing of pregnancy termination was carried out. METHODS: Placental samples were taken from preeclampsia patients consisting of three gestational age groups, then immunohistochemical staining was performed to see the dynamics of expression and distribution in each age group of pregnancy and to find out their relationship with the timing of pregnancy termination. RESULTS: Cullin-1 was expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts. The lowest cullin-1 level was obtained in the very preterm age group, and the highest was found in the moderate preterm gestational age group. There was a significant difference between cullin-1 optical density (OD) expression and termination time of pregnancy, and there was a significant difference (OD) in cullin-1 preeclamptic patients with very preterm gestational age with moderate preterm gestational age. CONCLUSION: Cullin-1 was expressed both in syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts and was associated with the timing of pregnancy termination.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Age and Change in Velocity During a Baseball Training Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712092793
Author(s):  
Christopher Antonacci ◽  
Thomas R. Atlee ◽  
Peter N. Chalmers ◽  
Christopher Hadley ◽  
Meghan E. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Background: Pitching velocity is one of the most important metrics used to evaluate a baseball pitcher’s effectiveness. The relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program has not been determined. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program. We hypothesized that pitching velocity would significantly increase in all adolescent age groups after a lighter baseball training program, without a significant difference in magnitude of increase based on age. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Baseball pitchers aged 10 to 17 years who completed a 15-week training program focused on pitching mechanics and velocity improvement were included in this study. Pitchers were split into 3 groups based on age (group 1, 10-12 years; group 2, 13-14 years; group 3, 15-17 years), and each group trained independently. Pitch velocity was assessed at 4 time points (sessions 3, 10, 17, and 25). Mean, maximum, and mean change in pitch velocity between sessions were compared by age group. Results: A total of 32 male baseball pitchers were included in the analysis. Mean/maximum velocity increased in all 3 age groups: 3.4/4.8 mph in group 1, 5.3/5.5 mph in group 2, and 5.3/5.2 mph in group 3. While mean percentage change in pitch velocity increased in all 3 age groups (group 1, 6.5%; group 2, 8.3%; group 3, 7.6%), the magnitude of change was not significantly different among age groups. Program session number had a significant effect on mean and maximum velocity, with higher mean and maximum velocity seen at later sessions in the training program ( P = .018). There was no interaction between age and program session within either mean or maximum velocity ( P = .316 and .572, respectively). Conclusion: Age had no significant effect on the magnitude of increase in maximum or mean baseball pitch velocity during a velocity and mechanics training program in adolescent males.

scholarly journals Existing comorbidities in people with osteoarthritis: a retrospective analysis of a population-based cohort in Alberta, Canada

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e033334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A Marshall ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
Cheryl Barnabe ◽  
Karen Yee ◽  
Peter D Faris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Physician Visits ◽  
Significant Difference

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of comorbidities among people with osteoarthritis (OA) using administrative health data.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.SettingAll residents in the province of Alberta, Canada registered with the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan population registry.Participants497 362 people with OA as defined by ‘having at least one OA-related hospitalization, or at least two OA-related physician visits or two ambulatory care visits within two years’.Primary outcome measuresWe selected eight comorbidities based on literature review, clinical consultation and the availability of validated case definitions to estimate their frequencies at the time of diagnosis of OA. Sex-stratified age-standardised prevalence rates per 1000 population of eight clinically relevant comorbidities were calculated using direct standardisation with 95% CIs. We applied χ2 tests of independence with a Bonferroni correction to compare the percentage of comorbid conditions in each age group.Results54.6% (n=2 71 794) of people meeting the OA case definition had at least one of the eight selected comorbidities. Females had a significantly higher rate of comorbidities compared with males (standardised rates ratio=1.26, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.28). Depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hypertension were the most prevalent in both females and males after age-standardisation, with 40% of all cases having any combination of these comorbidities. We observed a significant difference in the percentage of comorbidities among age groups, illustrated by the youngest age group (<45 years) having the highest percentage of cases with depression (24.6%), compared with a frequency of 16.1% in those >65 years.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the high frequency of comorbidity in people with OA, with depression having the highest age-standardised prevalence rate. Comorbidities differentially affect females, and vary by age. These factors should inform healthcare programme and delivery.

scholarly journals 2. A Comparison of the Composition of New and Evolved Comets

1977 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Donn
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Emission Intensity Ratio ◽  
Perihelion Passage ◽  
The Continuum

The intensity ratio of the continuum to the molecular emissions was estimated in the spectra of eight-five comets. These consisted of 34 new, 1/a (orig) < 100 x 10-6 AU-1, 31 more evolved with 102 < 1/a < 104, and 20 periodic comets, P < 103 years. In each age group the comets were divided into two distance intervals, the first observed at less than 1 AU from the sun and the second category observed at more than 1 AU. No significant difference among the patterns of relative intensity distribution among four age groups was found. No general evidence for a difference between pre- and post-perihelion observations was found although in a few cases a pronounced effect occurs. Four conclusions are drawn. (1) There is no readily apparent difference in continuum to emission intensity ratio between new and more evolved comets. (2) An intrinsic distribution of this characteristic does occur. (3) Periodic comets with weak continua derived from new comets with the same property. (4) No weakening of the continuum in general occurs following perihelion passage. The infrared evidence for Comet Encke suggests that the faintness of its continuum may be caused by a size distribution containing only particles larger than about 10 μm.

scholarly journals TIME TRENDS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI PREVALENCE IN ITAJAÍ - SC: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 25 YEARS BASED ON ENDOSCOPIC DATABASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangio FERRARI ◽  
Elisa Cantú Germano DUTRA ◽  
Henrieli Correia ZANARDI ◽  
Bruno Lorenzo SCOLARO ◽  
Odemari Miranda FERRARI
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. Currently, the prevalence in developed countries is 40%, but this value increases considerably in developing countries, which can reach rates bigger than 90%. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the mean and annual prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients from Itajaí during the period from July 1992 to April 2016, as well as the gender and age groups most affected. METHODS: After consent of the clinical director of the Gastroclinica Itajaí and confidentiality commitment about the research, the database of the Endoscopy Service of the clinic was evaluated. All the patients who underwent their first upper digestive endoscopy with urease test and/or histological analysis were included. The data were submitted to statistical analysis of prevalence by gender, age group and years of study, with subsequent correction through the confidence interval. RESULTS: The mean prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection thru all years of study was 50.07%. With the calculation of the annual prevalences, it was evident the gradual reduction of infection in the population of Itajaí, that was 81.3% in 1992, declining to 33% in the year of 2016. When classifying the prevalence of infection by gender, it was higher in males (53.59%), and gender distribution by age group showed no statistically significant difference among genders between the ages of 40 and 80 years. In relation to the age group, the highest prevalence was in the group between 40 and 49 years. CONCLUSION: Although this study is retrospective and based on endoscopic database analysis, without access to clinical data of patients such as prior use of proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics to endoscopy, its results are important because they may reflect the current panorama of Helicobacter pylori infection in the city under study, where it has been presenting a gradual reduction of prevalence over the years, with current rates similar to that of developed countries (33%). Future studies are needed to confirm our data.

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