scholarly journals 2. A Comparison of the Composition of New and Evolved Comets

1977 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Donn
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Emission Intensity Ratio ◽  
Perihelion Passage ◽  
The Continuum

The intensity ratio of the continuum to the molecular emissions was estimated in the spectra of eight-five comets. These consisted of 34 new, 1/a (orig) < 100 x 10-6 AU-1, 31 more evolved with 102 < 1/a < 104, and 20 periodic comets, P < 103 years. In each age group the comets were divided into two distance intervals, the first observed at less than 1 AU from the sun and the second category observed at more than 1 AU. No significant difference among the patterns of relative intensity distribution among four age groups was found. No general evidence for a difference between pre- and post-perihelion observations was found although in a few cases a pronounced effect occurs. Four conclusions are drawn. (1) There is no readily apparent difference in continuum to emission intensity ratio between new and more evolved comets. (2) An intrinsic distribution of this characteristic does occur. (3) Periodic comets with weak continua derived from new comets with the same property. (4) No weakening of the continuum in general occurs following perihelion passage. The infrared evidence for Comet Encke suggests that the faintness of its continuum may be caused by a size distribution containing only particles larger than about 10 μm.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori infection in a National Referral Hospital in Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Chhabi Lal Adhikari ◽  
Guru Prasad Dhakal ◽  
Nongluck Suwisith ◽  
Sonam Dargay ◽  
Krishna P Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium causing chronic gastric infection and may cause gastric cancer. It was necessary to see the trend of infection, especially in symptomatic patients. This retrospective descriptive study was aimed to describe the characteristics of H. pylori infection in Bhutanese patients referred for an endoscopy to the National Referral Hospital, Thimphu. Methods: The sample of the study was randomized 380 medical records of the patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and Rapid Urea Test for symptomatic dyspepsia and peptic ulcer. Data was collected using a survey form designed by the researchers. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and either Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was very high (76.6%). The mean age of the infection was 42 with a range from 15 to 84 years. The highest prevalence of infection was observed in the age group 20-29 years (82.7%) and lowest in the oldest age group 70-84 years (66.7%). The analysis showed no significant difference in infection amongst age groups, gender, and endoscopic findings to the positive results at 5% significant level except for monthly prevalence (p<0.001). Gastritis was the commonest endoscopy finding (153/380) and gastro-duodenitis had the highest positivity rate (88.9%). Conclusion: The prevalence of infection was relatively high compared with previous studies. Young and middle-aged adults had a high prevalence and this group needs to be given priority for screening and eradication treatment considering limited resources to prevent associated gastric cancer in Bhutan.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Cullin-1 Expression in Preeclamptic Placenta and its Association with Pregnancy Termination Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Makbruri Makbruri ◽  
Isabella Kurnia Liem ◽  
Ahmad Aulia Jusuf ◽  
Tantri Hellyanti
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Very Preterm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cellular Factors ◽  
Termination Time

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a systemic syndrome occurring in 3–5% of pregnancies, caused by disorders of cellular factors resulting in the disruption of trophoblast differentiation and invasion which is important for the placental development and maintaining pregnancy. Cullin-1 is a protein that plays a role in the process of maintaining pregnancy, development, and trophoblast invasion in the placenta. Until now, there have been no studies linking the expression of cullin-1 in preeclamptic patients with the timing of pregnancy termination. AIM: This study analyzed cullin-1 expression in preeclamptic patients and their relationship to the timing of pregnancy termination was carried out. METHODS: Placental samples were taken from preeclampsia patients consisting of three gestational age groups, then immunohistochemical staining was performed to see the dynamics of expression and distribution in each age group of pregnancy and to find out their relationship with the timing of pregnancy termination. RESULTS: Cullin-1 was expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts. The lowest cullin-1 level was obtained in the very preterm age group, and the highest was found in the moderate preterm gestational age group. There was a significant difference between cullin-1 optical density (OD) expression and termination time of pregnancy, and there was a significant difference (OD) in cullin-1 preeclamptic patients with very preterm gestational age with moderate preterm gestational age. CONCLUSION: Cullin-1 was expressed both in syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts and was associated with the timing of pregnancy termination.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Age and Change in Velocity During a Baseball Training Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712092793
Author(s):  
Christopher Antonacci ◽  
Thomas R. Atlee ◽  
Peter N. Chalmers ◽  
Christopher Hadley ◽  
Meghan E. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Background: Pitching velocity is one of the most important metrics used to evaluate a baseball pitcher’s effectiveness. The relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program has not been determined. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program. We hypothesized that pitching velocity would significantly increase in all adolescent age groups after a lighter baseball training program, without a significant difference in magnitude of increase based on age. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Baseball pitchers aged 10 to 17 years who completed a 15-week training program focused on pitching mechanics and velocity improvement were included in this study. Pitchers were split into 3 groups based on age (group 1, 10-12 years; group 2, 13-14 years; group 3, 15-17 years), and each group trained independently. Pitch velocity was assessed at 4 time points (sessions 3, 10, 17, and 25). Mean, maximum, and mean change in pitch velocity between sessions were compared by age group. Results: A total of 32 male baseball pitchers were included in the analysis. Mean/maximum velocity increased in all 3 age groups: 3.4/4.8 mph in group 1, 5.3/5.5 mph in group 2, and 5.3/5.2 mph in group 3. While mean percentage change in pitch velocity increased in all 3 age groups (group 1, 6.5%; group 2, 8.3%; group 3, 7.6%), the magnitude of change was not significantly different among age groups. Program session number had a significant effect on mean and maximum velocity, with higher mean and maximum velocity seen at later sessions in the training program ( P = .018). There was no interaction between age and program session within either mean or maximum velocity ( P = .316 and .572, respectively). Conclusion: Age had no significant effect on the magnitude of increase in maximum or mean baseball pitch velocity during a velocity and mechanics training program in adolescent males.

scholarly journals Existing comorbidities in people with osteoarthritis: a retrospective analysis of a population-based cohort in Alberta, Canada

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e033334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A Marshall ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
Cheryl Barnabe ◽  
Karen Yee ◽  
Peter D Faris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Physician Visits ◽  
Significant Difference

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of comorbidities among people with osteoarthritis (OA) using administrative health data.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.SettingAll residents in the province of Alberta, Canada registered with the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan population registry.Participants497 362 people with OA as defined by ‘having at least one OA-related hospitalization, or at least two OA-related physician visits or two ambulatory care visits within two years’.Primary outcome measuresWe selected eight comorbidities based on literature review, clinical consultation and the availability of validated case definitions to estimate their frequencies at the time of diagnosis of OA. Sex-stratified age-standardised prevalence rates per 1000 population of eight clinically relevant comorbidities were calculated using direct standardisation with 95% CIs. We applied χ2 tests of independence with a Bonferroni correction to compare the percentage of comorbid conditions in each age group.Results54.6% (n=2 71 794) of people meeting the OA case definition had at least one of the eight selected comorbidities. Females had a significantly higher rate of comorbidities compared with males (standardised rates ratio=1.26, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.28). Depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hypertension were the most prevalent in both females and males after age-standardisation, with 40% of all cases having any combination of these comorbidities. We observed a significant difference in the percentage of comorbidities among age groups, illustrated by the youngest age group (<45 years) having the highest percentage of cases with depression (24.6%), compared with a frequency of 16.1% in those >65 years.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the high frequency of comorbidity in people with OA, with depression having the highest age-standardised prevalence rate. Comorbidities differentially affect females, and vary by age. These factors should inform healthcare programme and delivery.

scholarly journals TIME TRENDS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI PREVALENCE IN ITAJAÍ - SC: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 25 YEARS BASED ON ENDOSCOPIC DATABASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangio FERRARI ◽  
Elisa Cantú Germano DUTRA ◽  
Henrieli Correia ZANARDI ◽  
Bruno Lorenzo SCOLARO ◽  
Odemari Miranda FERRARI
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. Currently, the prevalence in developed countries is 40%, but this value increases considerably in developing countries, which can reach rates bigger than 90%. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the mean and annual prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients from Itajaí during the period from July 1992 to April 2016, as well as the gender and age groups most affected. METHODS: After consent of the clinical director of the Gastroclinica Itajaí and confidentiality commitment about the research, the database of the Endoscopy Service of the clinic was evaluated. All the patients who underwent their first upper digestive endoscopy with urease test and/or histological analysis were included. The data were submitted to statistical analysis of prevalence by gender, age group and years of study, with subsequent correction through the confidence interval. RESULTS: The mean prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection thru all years of study was 50.07%. With the calculation of the annual prevalences, it was evident the gradual reduction of infection in the population of Itajaí, that was 81.3% in 1992, declining to 33% in the year of 2016. When classifying the prevalence of infection by gender, it was higher in males (53.59%), and gender distribution by age group showed no statistically significant difference among genders between the ages of 40 and 80 years. In relation to the age group, the highest prevalence was in the group between 40 and 49 years. CONCLUSION: Although this study is retrospective and based on endoscopic database analysis, without access to clinical data of patients such as prior use of proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics to endoscopy, its results are important because they may reflect the current panorama of Helicobacter pylori infection in the city under study, where it has been presenting a gradual reduction of prevalence over the years, with current rates similar to that of developed countries (33%). Future studies are needed to confirm our data.

Character introductions in oral narratives of Swedish–German bilingual preschoolers

2020 ◽  
pp. 014272371989744
Author(s):  
Josefin Lindgren ◽  
Valerie Reichardt ◽  
Ute Bohnacker
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Information Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Old Swedish ◽  
As Effects ◽  
Two Age Groups

Closely related Swedish and German both mark information status of referents morphologically, though little is known about its acquisition. This study investigates character introductions in the narratives of 4- and 6-year-old Swedish–German bilinguals ( N = 40) in both languages, elicited with MAIN Cat/Dog. We analyse effects of age group, language and animacy (human vs nonhuman characters) on the type of referring expression (indefinite NP and pronoun), as well as effects of language proficiency and exposure on the use of indefinite NPs for each language. We also explore which syntactic constructions indefinite NPs occur in. A significant difference was found between the two age groups, but not between languages. No effect was found of language skills or exposure. Four-year-olds used more pronouns and a lower proportion of indefinite NPs than 6-year-olds. Pronouns were more frequent for the human character than for nonhuman animate characters. Whilst animacy (humanness) promoted the use of pronouns, it did not affect the choice of morphological form for lexical NPs (indefinite/definite). The age groups differed in how indefinite NPs were used. Four-year-olds produced fewer narrative presentations (where a character is introduced as part of a typical story opening, e.g. Once upon a time there was a cat) than 6-year-olds, and more labellings (with only an NP, or a clausal predicative, e.g. That’s a cat). Qualitative analyses suggest that the children’s indefinite NPs in labelling constructions can be both referential (when setting the narrative scene), and type-denoting (when naming referents in individual pictures). Whilst the children’s abilities to introduce story characters develop measurably from 4 to 6 years in Swedish and German, appropriateness of character introductions not only depends on whether an indefinite NP is chosen, but also on the syntactic construction this indefinite NP is used in.

scholarly journals Placental Vascular Obstructive Lesions: Risk Factor for Developing Necrotizing Enterocolitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Dix ◽  
Matthias Roth-Kleiner ◽  
Maria-Chiara Osterheld
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe neonatal disease affecting particularly preterm infants. Its exact pathogenesis still remains unknown. In this study, we have compared the prevalence of vascular obstructive lesions in placentae of premature newborns which developed NEC and of a control group. We further compared separately the findings of placentae of infants of less than 30 weeks of gestation, the age group in which NEC occurs most frequently. We found signs of fetal vascular obstructive lesions in 65% of the placentae of preterm patients developing NEC, compared to only 17% of the placentae of preterm patients in the control group. In the age groups below 30 weeks of gestation, 58.5% of placentae of later NEC patients presented such lesions compared to 24.5% in the control group. The significant difference between NEC and control group suggests a strong association between fetal vascular obstructive lesions and NEC. Therefore, we propose that fetal vascular obstructive lesions might be considered as a risk factor for the development of NEC in premature infants.

A study of manual toothbrushing skills in children aged 3 to 11 years

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mentes ◽  
Julide Atukeren
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

The aim of the study was to evaluate toothbrushing management and ability of children in relation to age and gender. The study population consisted of 75 children and were divided into three equal groups as 3-5, 6-8 and 9-11 years of age.The grip type during toothbrushing was recorded on videotape.The most preferred grip types were distal (73%) followed by power (43%) and oblique grips (29%). There were a statistically significant differences between age groups and the grip types (p&lt;0.001) but no significant difference was seen between boys and girls in grip preferences (p&gt;0.05).The mean duration of toothbrushing was shorter in 3-5 years of age group (28 seconds) than the 6-8 and 9-11 age groups (35 and 47 seconds respectively).

Detection of respiratory and enteric shedding of bovine coronaviruses in cattle in Northwestern Turkey

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hasoksuz ◽  
A. Kayar ◽  
T. Dodurka ◽  
A. Ilgaz
Keyword(s):  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Northwestern Turkey ◽  
Significant Difference

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is an important cause of diarrhoea in calves, winter dysentery in adult cattle and respiratory tract disease in feedlot cattle. Serum, faecal and nasal swab samples were collected from a total of 96 cattle with clinical signs in 29 barns of 23 villages in Northwestern Turkey. The cattle were subdivided into 3 distinct age groups (0-30 days old, 4-12 months old and 2-7 years old). An indirect antigen-capture ELISA and an antibody-detection ELISA as well as geometric mean BCoV antibody titres were used to detect BoCV shed in the faeces and in the nasal secretions, respectively. Relationships between BCoV shedding and age group, seroconversion and clinical signs in cattle were also analysed. The rate of faecal shedding of BoCV was 37.1% (13/35) in 0-30 days old calves, 25.6% (10/39) in 4-12 months old feedlot cattle and 18.2% (4/22) in 2-7 years old cows. The overall rate of BCoV faecal shedding was 28.1% (27/96) in the cattle examined. Only one animal in the 4-12 months old age group was found to shed BoCV nasally. The analysis showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) with respect to faecal shedding between the clinical signs and the age groups. BCoV antibody titre in 50% of all cattle was ≤ 100 as detected by ELISA while 27.1% of the cattle had high titres ranging between 1,600 and 25,600. The seroconversion rate was 7.3% (7/96) in animals shedding BoCV in the faeces and 42.7% (41/96) in cattle negative for faecal shedding as detected by ELISA, and 20.8% of cattle with no seroconversion shed BCoV in the faeces. There was no statistically significant association between seroconversion and nasal or faecal BCoV shedding. These findings confirm the presence of BCoV infections in Turkey. Further studies are needed to isolate BCoV strains in Turkey and to investigate their antigenic and genetic properties.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Relationship between the Maxillary Sinus and the Canine Root tip using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Khojastepour ◽  
Najmeh Movahhedian ◽  
Mohadeseh Zolghadrpour
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Type I ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vertical Distance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Abstract Background: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the frequency and amount of extension of the maxillary sinus to the anterior region and to evaluate the vertical distance between the maxillary sinus floor and canine apices.Methods: Cone beam computed tomographic images of 300 individuals (154 males and 146 females) over 20 years (with mean age of 35.12 ± 8.40 years) were evaluated. The subjects were categorized into three age groups (20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 years). When maxillary sinus extended to the canine area, the vertical distance between them were recorded and their relationship were classified into three types: I (> 2 mm distance), II (2 mm < distance or in-contact) and III (interlock). Results: 413 out of 600 maxillary sinuses (68.8%) were extended into the canine area or beyond. Among them, 15 maxillary sinuses pneumatized into the incisor area (2.5%). The prevalence of the maxillary sinuses extended to the anterior region of the jaw was not significantly different between genders, but it was significantly less frequent in older age group and more frequent in the left side. The mean amount of anterior extension of maxillary sinus (mm) was significantly lower in older age group. Type I was the most frequent vertical relationship between the maxillary sinuses and canine apices with no significant difference in gender, side and age groups.Conclusions: Most of the maxillary sinuses extended to the canine area. Maxillary sinus extended into incisor area with the frequency of 2.5% . The amount of extension of the maxillary sinus to the anterior region and its vertical distance with canine apices decreased in older age group.

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