scholarly journals The Seroprevalence of Human Toxoplasmosis in Oman

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
M.A. Idris ◽  
S.S. Al-Jaedy ◽  
S.H.S. Al-Dhahry
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Comparative Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference

The prevalence of Toxoplasma 1gG antibodies was studied in three age groups (children. blood donors and pregnant women) in Oman. The highest prevalence rate was shown by pregnant women (39.5%). followed by children (2l%) and lastly by blood donors ( I0. 5%). Prevalence rates were analyzed by age groups and showed no significant difference. Furthermore. a comparative sensitivity analysis between the three tests, ELISA 1gG. DA and MEIA Toxo 1gG was performed. There was no significant difference between them.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and trends of markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors: a 3-year hospital based-study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerold C. Alcantara ◽  
Farhan Khalaf M. Alenezi ◽  
Omar Hafiz Haj Ali
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Donor Retention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
New Donors

Background: Evaluating the trends and rates of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) among blood donors ensure that supplies of blood are safe and a proficient donor screening is in place. Hence, the study assessed the prevalence and trends of TTI markers among blood donors in Hail, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A retrospective review was done using donor records in a 3-year period from January 2013 to December 2015. All samples underwent to mandatory serological screening. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used appropriately. Distribution tables were developed to discern the trends that exist and compare the prevalence rates among different age groups. Significant level was set at 5% (p<0.05).Results: Of the 11,162 blood donors evaluated, 1.5% was found positive for TTI markers. The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HTLV I/II, syphilis and malaria were 1.2, 0.04, 0.07, 0.2 and 0.02%, respectively. No blood donor showed positive for HIV markers. Majority of the infections were evident among replacement donors (57.3%). Greater number was observed from the age group of 30-39 years. Statistically, there was no significant difference among the various age groups.Conclusions: The prevalence rate of TTIs in this study is comparably lower than in other regions of Saudi Arabia and some countries, with no significant variation among the different age groups. HBV continues to be the highest rate of infections inflicting blood donors. Methods to improve donor retention, encouragement and recruitment of new donors have to be identified. 

scholarly journals Population-based survey of HIV sero-status and vertical transmission among naive pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiekumo Igbida Buseri ◽  
Charity Ngozi Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study aims at investigating the seroprevalence of HIV infection among status naive pregnant women and probable vertical transmission in Sokoto, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 13,026 apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 14 and 45 years and 312 mother-baby pairs in 4 different hospital settings in Sokoto State, North West, Nigeria between March, 2011 and February, 2013. The babies were aged between 8 and 16 months. HIV screening was performed using qualitative rapid tests and ELISA and HIV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Measurement of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was carried out by the BD FACScount System. All seropositive pregnant women were immediately placed on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) throughout the duration of the pregnancy and beyond.Results: An overall 2.4% prevalence of HIV-1 infection among the pregnant women and 20.5% incident of mother-to-child transmission were found. Of the seropositive pregnant women, 75.0% were full-time house wives, 13.8% and 11.2% were traders and civil servants respectively; of which, 70.2% were within the ages of 14 and 27 years (youthful predominance). Pearson’s χ2analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in the Mean values in the 4 health facilities (χ2 =2.084, df=3, P-value=0.555). Similarly, no significant difference in HIV seropositivity in the demographic data of the pregnant women were observed (P>0.05). Infection was recorded in all age groups but there was no statistical significance between age groups and infection (P = 0.833). Of the 64 seropositive babies, 62 (92.5%) contracted HIV from antiretroviral therapy non-adherence mothers (χ2 =271.457, df=1, P<0.01), OR=1506.6 (95%CI=285.5-7950.4). Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of vertical transmission due to ART non-adherence. Intervention initiatives should, therefore, focus seriously on ART non-adherence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 49-57  

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi among riverine communities in the municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jansen Fernandes Medeiros ◽  
Victor Py-Daniel ◽  
Ulysses Carvalho Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Thick Blood Smear ◽  
High Prevalence

INTRODUCTION: Estimate the prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi infection and calculate the parasitic infection rate (PIR) in simuliid black flies in the municipality of Lábrea, State of Amazonas, Brazil. METHODS: Prevalence was measured using the thick blood smear method collected from the fingers and was related to age, sex and occupation. Simuliidae were collected with a suction apparatus, then stained with hematoxylin and dissected to verify the PIR. RESULTS: The average prevalence rate of M. ozzardi among the 694 individuals examined was 20.7%. Infection was higher in men (27.6%) than in women (14.3%) (p < 0.001) and occurred in most age groups, with the highest prevalence in the following age groups: 38-47 (40%), 48-57 (53.1%) and >58 (60.5%). The highest prevalence rates were observed in the retired (64%), followed by farm workers (47.1%). Infection by M. ozzardi was only identified in Cerqueirellum amazonicum (Simuliidae) with a PIR of 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high prevalence of M. ozzardi in the riverine communities of Lábrea due to the lack of policies regarding the treatment of microfilaremic individuals in the region and an abundance of competent vectors for M. ozzardi.

scholarly journals Standardization of Aspergillus IgG diagnostic cutoff in Nigerians

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612110501
Author(s):  
Rita O. Oladele ◽  
Akaninyene A. Otu ◽  
Oluwaseyi J. Balogun ◽  
Oladayo M. Babalola ◽  
Augustina O. Nwosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Background and objectives: Commercial Aspergillus IgG antibody assays have become pivotal in the current diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). However, diagnostic cutoffs have been found to vary from manufactures’ recommendations in different settings. This study aimed to establish the Aspergillus IgG reference range among Nigerians and determine a diagnostic cutoff for CPA. Methods: Sera from 519 prospectively recruited healthy blood donors and 39 previously confirmed cases of CPA were analysed for Aspergillus IgG levels using the Bordier test kit (Bordier Affinity Products SA, Crissier, Switzerland). Accuracy versus cutoff profile and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were analysed for both CPA cases and controls using the R-Studio (2020), (Window desktop, version 4.0.2 software with R packages “nnet” and “ROCR”). Results: Among healthy blood donors, 141 (27.2%) were aged 16–25 years with median (interquartile range, IQR) of 22 (20–24) years; 304 (58.6%) were aged 26–40 years with median (IQR) of 32 (29–36) years; while 74 (14.2%) were aged 41–60 years with median (IQR) of 46 (44–49.75). Median IgG level in respective age groups were 0.069 (0.009–0.181), 0.044 (0.014–0.202) and 0.056 (0.01–0.265) with no significant difference found in the three age categories ( p = 0.69). The overall diagnostic cutoff for the diagnosis of CPA was 0.821 with an accuracy of 97.1% and area under the curve (AUC) = 0.986. Conclusion: The optimal diagnostic cutoff for diagnosing CPA in Nigerians using the Bordier kit was 0.821 which is lower than the manufacturer’s recommended cutoff of 1.0. The determination of this cutoff among Nigerians will significantly enhance accurate identification of CPA and assessment of its true burden in Nigeria.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the epidemiology of Treponemal Infection in the Volta Region of Ghana: A Five-Year Multisite Parallel Population-Based Analysis vis-à-vis the Sentinel Survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester Yao Lokpo ◽  
Ellis Owusu-Dabo ◽  
John Gameli Deku ◽  
Verner Ndudiri Orish ◽  
Gideon Kye-Duodu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Treponemal Infection ◽  
Volta Region ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract Abstract Background: Treponemal infection is contagious and one of the oldest blood-borne infections, with great public health consequences. This study aimed to comparatively describe the five–year (2013-2017) regional epidemiology of Treponemal infection using pregnant women in the Sentinel Survey and apparently healthy blood donors as proxy for the general population at the four sentinel sites in the Volta Region of Ghana. Method: We analysed retrospectively data from 17,744 prospective blood donors aged between 18 to 58 years and 7,805 pregnant women in a Sentinel Survey who fell within the 15 and 49 years age bracket at Hohoe, Ho, Tongu and Krachi-West sentinel sites in the Volta Region. Data extracted included age, gender, date of blood donation and Treponena pallidum chromatographic immunoassay results from the blood banks of the four study sites. Published reports of Sentinel Surveys conducted at the four sentinel sites from the years 2013-2017 were retrieved. Results: The cumulative five-year prevalence of Treponemal infections among the pregnant women in the Sentinel Survey and prospective blood donors was 0.38% and 2.38% respectively. Site-specific prevalence for population-base/Sentinel survey was 4.6%/0.4%, 2.0%/0.2%, 1.3%/0.8 and 1.2%/0.2 for Hohoe, Ho, Krachi-West and Tongu respectively. Treponemal infection rates among the younger age groups (15-24years) were 0.31% in the sentinel survey and 2.22% in the general population. Significant gender disparity in Treponemal infection exist with male preponderance. Conclusion: The regional prevalence of Treponemal infection in the Sentinel Survey is lower compared to the general population. Therefore, the use of pregnant women as proxy for population estimate could lead to underestimation of the burden in the study jurisdiction.

scholarly journals High-resolution age-specific mapping of the two-week illness prevalence rate based on the National Health Services Survey and geostatistical analysis: a case study in Guangdong province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuchun Wen ◽  
Xiaoliang Huang ◽  
Lifen Feng ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Health Resource ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Health Resource Allocation ◽  
Age Structured

Abstract Background The two-week illness prevalence rate is an important and comparable indicator of health service needs. High-spatial-resolution, age-specific risk mapping of this indicator can provide valuable information for health resource allocation. The age-prevalence relationships may be different among areas of the study region, but previous geostatistical models usually ignored the spatial-age interaction. Methods We took Guangdong province, the province with the largest population and economy in China, as a study case. We collected two-week illness data and other potential influencing predictors from the fifth National Health Services Survey in 2013 and other open-access databases. Bayesian geostatistical binary regression models were developed with spatial-age structured random effect, based on which, high-resolution, age-specific two-week illness prevalence rates, as well as number of people reporting two-week illness, were estimated. The equality of health resource distribution was further evaluated based on the two-week illness mapping results and the health supply data. Results The map across all age groups revealed that the highest risk was concentrated in the central (i.e., Pearl River Delta) and northern regions of the province. These areas had a two-week illness prevalence > 25.0%, compared with 10.0–20.0% in other areas. Age-specific maps revealed significant differences in prevalence between age groups, and the age-prevalence relationships also differed across locations. In most areas, the prevalence rates decrease from age 0 to age 20, and then increase gradually. Overall, the estimated age- and population-adjusted prevalence was 16.5% [95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI): 14.5–18.6%], and the estimated total number of people reporting illness within the two-week period was 17.5 million (95% BCI: 15.5–19.8 million) in Guangdong Province. The Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient (resulted in 0.3526) showed a moderate level of inequality in health resource distribution. Conclusions We developed a Bayesian geostatistical modeling framework with spatial-age structured effect to produce age-specific, high-resolution maps of the two-week illness prevalence rate and the numbers of people reporting two-week illness in Guangdong province. The methodology developed in this study can be generalized to other global regions with available relevant survey data. The mapping results will support plans for health resource allocation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Typhoid Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Specialist Hospital Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Kefas Hellamada Kwala ◽  
Aminu Innocent Asika
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stool Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Typhoid fever is one of the major and common health problem worldwide. Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi may be a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in both the mother and fetus in developing countries, where sanitation facilities, personal and food hygiene are inadequate. Thus, the present research was a cross-sectional study of Salmonella infection among pregnant women in Specialist Hospital Yola, Nigeria. The objectives of this study is to determine the prevalence of typhoid infection among pregnant women in Adamawa state in relation to age, educational level, occupation and location, explore factors associated with the infection and to provide information on its prevention and control strategies. Serological analyses (Widal test) and bacteriological analyses (stool culture) were carried out and compared among 313 participants. The results obtained showed that 209 (66.77%) of the participants were seropositive for typhoid fever, whereas 188 (60.06%) were positive based on bacteriological technique. Participants between age groups; 26-35 years old had the highest prevalence of 64.10%.There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between the prevalence of typhoid fever among the various age groups of the pregnant women examined. In relation to Educational level, participants with Non-formal education had the highest prevalence of typhoid infection 75.00%. There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between the prevalence of typhoid fever based on the educational level of the pregnant women examined.  Based on occupation of the participants, women who were involved in farming recorded the highest prevalence rate of 88.37%.There was statistically significant difference (P< 0.05) between the prevalence of typhoid fever and the occupation of the pregnant women examined. With respect to the location of the participants, subjects belonging to Semi-urban areas recorded the highest prevalence of 80.98%. There was statistically significant difference (P< 0.05) between the prevalence of typhoid fever and the location of the pregnant women examined. Pregnancy state makes the women more vulnerable to typhoid fever by affecting the physiology of pivotal organs, as such causing complications in pregnant women therefore early and prompt diagnosis of the infection is essential.

scholarly journals Coagulation Tests’ Normal Values in a Cameroonian Adult Population

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Standard Techniques

Coagulation tests are routine analyses most prescribed in routine medical practices. Africans tend to use the thresholds of other races since they don’t have their own normal values. This was a prospective descriptive study carried out at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital to determine normal values for coagulation’s tests. We included 160 venous samples from healthy blood donors, aged 18 to 56 years. Standard techniques were used for the measurement of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen levels in all samples. The median prothrombin time was 13.01 s (10.2.-15.2) with a significant difference between males (PT=13,2s(11,1-15,5)) and females (PT=13,0s(10,1-15,2)), p=0,02 but not significant between the age groups (p=0,31).The median of APTT and fibrinogen were 32.4 s(22.2.-40.5), 2.8 g/L (1.5-4.2) and not significant between sex and age groups, p=0,34 and 0,14 respectively. Although the sample size does not allow for generalized conclusions, nevertheless, these findings provide indications to normal ranges for these coagulation tests among healthy adult Cameroonians. Furthermore, it may be relevant to consider the gender when interpreting coagulation tests in Cameroonian settings.

scholarly journals Five Year Retrospective and Current Prevalence of Malaria in Bunkure Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. S. Bukhari ◽  
A. M. Yayo ◽  
N. T. Dabo ◽  
M. Safiyanu ◽  
A. Ado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Primary Health Care Facility ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Malaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide, particularly in Africa, with Nigeria having the greatest number of cases. This study evaluated a five-year (2012-2016) retrospective and a current trend (August-December 2017) of malaria prevalence in Bunkure Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. Methods: The retrospective review was conducted by extracting data on malaria cases from the Summary Record Book at Bunkure Primary Health Care Facility. In the current survey, a total of 400 participants were examined using peripheral blood sample obtained by venous puncture to estimate the current malaria prevalence. All data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: In the retrospective period, a total of 12,387 suspected malaria patients were diagnosed using Rapid Diagnostic Test kit, out of which 9,746 (78.7%) were positive for malaria. The infection was higher in females (45.27%) and in subjects above or equal to 5years of age. There was no significant difference in prevalence between the gender (P= 0.322) and the age groups (P = 0.630). Of the 400 participants examined, 193 were found positive for malaria, representing a prevalence rate of (48.3%), much lower than the prevalence rate in the retrospective period (78.7%). The higher prevalence of the infection was found in males (32.25%) and the age group between 5-12 years (14.25%). The difference in prevalence was statistically not significant between the genders (p = 0.87) and the age groups (p = 0.142). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, there was a significant decline (P < 0.05) in trend of malaria prevalence in the study area, which may be attributed to the effectiveness of the ongoing control interventions in the locality. This study indicates the need for continuous monitoring of malaria prevalence using both microscopy and RDT for assessment of impact of malaria intervention in the area.

β-Thromboglobulin in Antecubital Vein Blood - The Influence of Age, Sex and Blood Group

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1159-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
H A Dewar ◽  
T Marshall ◽  
D Weightman ◽  
V Prakash ◽  
P J Boon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Satisfactory Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

SummarySamples of blood for estimation of beta-thromboglobulin (B. T. G.) in normal subjects have been obtained both from blood donors at the end of their donation and from other volunteers by standard venepuncture. The former was a satisfactory method in males only.By standard venepuncture females have on average lower values than males and in the pre-menopausal age groups the difference is statistically significant.Mean values vary little up to 59 years after which they rise slowly but steadily. There is no significant difference in the mean B. T. G. values between the ABO blood groups.

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