Knowledge, attitude and practice of people regarding rabies in rural area of Jammu: a cross sectional study

Background: Rabies although a fatal disease, remains a disease of low public health priority. India, about 18,000 to 20,000 cases is reported every year. Awareness about rabies is very poor among Indian population particularly in rural areas, due to which India and Bangladesh belongs to a high incident countriesMethods: Present study was descriptive and cross sectional in nature conducted in village Sai of block R.S. Pura. Data was collected by face to face interview of 200 participants using a pre structured questionnaire.Results: Knowledge about rabies was intermediate as majority of the people (78.5%) have heard about the diseases. About 144 persons enumerated hydrophobia as the most common symptom. Only 48.5% of the study participants knew that it is important to wash the wound with soap and running water and 53.5% respondents were in favor of consulting a doctor. 123 (61.5%) persons understood that rabies can be prevented by proper treatment of animal bite.Conclusions: Our study found that most of the respondents knew that dogs were mainly responsible for transmitting rabies. The recommended first aid for rabies is immediate flushing and washing of the wound with soap and water for a minimum of 15 minutes. This study revealed that most people placed the responsibility for controlling the dog population on the government.

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Menopause-Specific Quality of Life among Emirati Women

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17010040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 40 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Linda Smail ◽

Ghufran Jassim ◽

Anam Shakil

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Sexual Symptoms ◽

Study Participants

To investigate the quality of life (QOL) of menopausal Emirati women aged 40–64 years and determine its relationship with their sociodemographic characteristics. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 Emirati women using multistage stratified clustered random sampling. The participants were interviewed face-to-face using a structured questionnaire comprising sociodemographic variables, reproductive characteristics, and the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire. The most common symptom among the study participants was ‘aching in the muscles’. The participants had a moderate level of bothersome symptoms; in addition, vasomotor symptoms were reported by 61%, while sexual symptoms were only reported by one-third of the participants. There were no significant differences between the menopausal status in any of the four domains of the MENQOL questionnaire. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the mean scores of the four MENQOL domains and all predictors. This study highlights the importance of educating women about menopause and its symptoms.

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Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) on Human and Bovine Tuberculosis Among Cattle Owners in Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34849/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Amare Bihon ◽

Solomon Zinabu ◽

Yimer Muktar ◽

Ayalew Assefa

Keyword(s):

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Animal Products ◽

Face To Face ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

The People ◽

Route Of Transmission ◽

Almost All ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a re-emerging disease occurring worldwide and causing multi-billion-dollar loss and human death annually. The situation is worse in developing countries like Ethiopia, where lower knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the people is imminent. Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 349 study participants were addressed through face to face interview. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-squares analysis were used to observe the data and the association between outcome (KAP) and predictor variables. Results: Out of the 349 respondents interviewed, 223 (63.9%) of them were males, while 126 (36.1%) were females. The KAP measuring interview indicated that almost all (97.4%) of the participants know human tuberculosis, while 84(24.1%) are aware of bovine tuberculosis cause and mode of transmission. Inhalation was reported as a common route of transmission for human TB (41.1%). In contrast, 50% of the respondent mentioned inhalation, contact, and ingestion of raw animal products as the main route of TB transmission from animal to human. Among those who have heard of bTB, only 56 (66.7%) of respondents consider bovine tuberculosis as a significant threat to public health. Conclusion: The study showed that there is a lower KAP on bovine TB among cattle owners. Therefore, community awareness promotion and health education on human and bovine TB should be operated under a “One Health” umbrella.

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Student and educator perspectives on virtual institutional introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE)

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-021-02698-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Omar A. Almohammed ◽

Lama H. Alotaibi ◽

Shatha A. Ibn Malik

Keyword(s):

Pharmacy Practice ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Training Experience ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Virtual Training ◽

Care Experience ◽

Face To Face ◽

Practice Experience ◽

Face To Face Learning ◽

The Government

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has required governments around the world to suspend face-to-face learning for school and university students. Colleges of pharmacy are faced with the challenge of training students in hospitals that are under considerable pressure at this time. The government of Saudi Arabia has moved all classes and training online to limit the spread of the virus. This study describes the experience of the Introductory and Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE and APPE) students and preceptors engaged in the virtual IPPE training. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to describe and appraise the implemented virtual IPPE training from the experiences of IPPE and APPE students, and their preceptor. The IPPE students described their experiences in close-ended questionnaires, while APPE students in open-ended questionnaires, and the preceptor described the experiences in narrative. The study focused on highlighting the advantages, opportunities, challenges, and shortcomings of the virtual training. Results Two preceptors and seven APPE students participated in the preparation and administration of the virtual training. The IPPE students’ experiences, based on 87 respondents, were mostly positive. Although IPPE students enjoyed the time flexibility that allowed the learning of new skills and reflection on previous experiences, 15% experienced difficulty finding quiet places with a reliable internet connection or had difficulty working on team-based activities. Moreover, some were anxious about the lack of adequate patient-care experience. On the other hand, the APPE students found the experience enriching as they gained experience and understanding of academic workflow, gained skills, and overcame the challenges they faced during this virtual training experience. Conclusions Future training programs should be organized to overcome the challenges and to maximize the benefits of training experiences. Schools of pharmacy may benefit from the training materials constructed, prepared, and administered by APPE students to improve IPPE students’ learning experiences and outcomes.

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Exploring the Impact of Crises on Food Security in Lebanon: Results from a National Cross-Sectional Study

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13168753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 8753

Author(s):

Maha Hoteit ◽

Youssef Al-Atat ◽

Hussein Joumaa ◽

Suheir El Ghali ◽

Rania Mansour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Assessment System ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The People ◽

Food Consumption Score ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

This study aims to explore the prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among Lebanese households since the ordeals of COVID-19, economic crisis, and Beirut port explosions. At the core of the study, a mobile application entitled Nutrition Assessment System (NAS) that simplified the data collection was used as toolkit and a technical test was carried out in all Lebanese governorates between November 2020 and March 2021. Findings show that food insecurity is an immediate problem for households in Beirut and in many governorates in Lebanon. Nine in every 16 households ate less than 2 meals per day and more than 70% of them skipped their meals to spare food. Even though half the population studied had a low food consumption score, 82.4% of the people were not relying on livelihood coping strategies. However, more than three out of ten of these households relied on at least three food-based coping strategies. In addition, as for the livelihoods, this assessment found that most Lebanese households reported a drop in income along with an expansion in debt incurrence in the last 24 months to be able to buy food. Improving food security in Lebanon requires effort not only on the part of the government, but through regional and international actions.

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THE RACE TOWARDS THE UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE AND FACTORS INFLUENCING RADIOGRAPHERS CAREER CHOICE IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA

Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences ◽

10.48153/jrrs/2021/xowy5343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 6-10

Author(s):

Geofery Luntsi

Keyword(s):

Professional Development ◽

Career Choice ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthcare Sector ◽

Health Coverage ◽

Rural Settlements ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The People ◽

Social Amenities

Background: There is a human resource crisis in the healthcare sector in Nigeria. This is because of the existing inequitable distribution of the available meagre workforce which is itself not helped by the increasing and currently trending brain drain. Purpose: This study aimed at assessing the factors that influence radiographers choice of career in rural settlements in Northeastern Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Radiographers in Northeastern Nigeria. A 21-item, self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was distributed over a six (6) month period, where 130 questionnaires were distributed. The questionnaire consisted of two sections; a: on demography; b: on factors (attractors and detractors) for career choice in rural areas. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data; descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 was used. Results: A total of 91 questionnaires were retrieved, giving a response rate of 70%. There were 56 (61.5%) males and 35 (38.5%) females. About 82 (90.1 %) had B.Sc and 9 (9.9 %) had M.Sc as their highest qualification. The major attractors for accepting rural jobs were improved remuneration 97 (86.8%) and opportunity for continuous professional development 72 (79.1%). While major detractors were, the cultural and traditional beliefs of the people in rural areas 23 (25.3%) and the lack of social amenities/poor infrastructure 22 (24.2%). Conclusion: The attractors for radiographers to rural areas in this study were; improved remuneration, availability of equipment, professional development, availability of social amenities and security among others. To recruit and retain radiographers in the rural areas, government, recruitment agencies and employers should in addition to good remuneration motivate the radiographers by providing adequate power, security, rural posting allowances, good functional equipment and a working and learning environment.

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) awareness among young women of central India

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183853 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 3960

Author(s):

Jaya Patel ◽

Shailesh Rai

Keyword(s):

Young Women ◽

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽

Central India ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The People ◽

Study Participants ◽

Ovarian Syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) associated with multiple presentation in females although it is common disorder but due to lack of knowledge females often delays in getting confirm diagnosis and treatment. PCOS remains a syndrome and as such no single diagnostic criterion is sufficient for clinical diagnosis. Objective: To assess the knowledge about PCOS in young women.Methods: Cross sectional study was performed on 400 women of age group 18-30 years either studying in Colleges or working in Indore city. Written informed consent was obtained and simple random technique was applied for selection of study participants. Pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed through percentages and frequencies using Excel. Relevant statistical test was applied was applied and p value was calculated where ever required and considered statistically significant when it is <0.05.Results: Among 400 participants, only 41% of the women were aware of the term PCOS. 46% of the subjects who were aware about the organ system involved in this disease. Most of the people know about this disorder through friends or relatives. 49% of the women knew about the various signs and symptoms associated with PCOS.Conclusions: The results of present study show that very few of the young women understand what this disease is and what are the earliest symptoms that should alarm them to consult a physician. Discussion with the girls in college authors came to know that most of the people are considering menstrual pain and irregularities as a part of their physiological process and do not consider consulting a doctor.

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Medico-legal Study of Suspected Homicide Cases in a Teaching Hospital in Eastern Nepal

Health Renaissance ◽

10.3126/hren.v9i1.4356 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 15-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A Karn ◽

S Jha ◽

BK Yadav ◽

D Thakur

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Human Being ◽

Dominant Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Firearm Injury ◽

Firearm Injuries ◽

Crime Detection ◽

The Government

Introduction: Homicide means killing of one human being as a result of conduct of another human being. This study of medico-legal and epidemiological details of homicidal cases would help in enhancement of various stakeholders in law enforcing agencies with the view to benefit the process of scientific crime detection and proper administration of justice at large. Objective: To identify the various medico-legal and epidemiological factors involved in homicide. Materials and method: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in fatal homicide victims brought for medico-legal autopsy in BPKIHS, during the period of 15th April 2009 to 14th July 2010.Data were collected using pre tested questionnaire by direct interview to the visitors of victim, information from the police record along with postmortem examination of the victim. Results: Out of the total 50 cases, the ratio of male to female victim was 4:1. More than half of the victims were of age 21-40 years (52%). More of the homicide victims were of rural areas (56%) and illiterate (32%). Injuries by sharp weapon were most common cause of death (36%) very closely followed by firearm injuries (34%). Most of the victim remained totally deprived of any medical help (60%). Conclusion: The homicide victims in eastern Nepal constituted illiterate adult male from rural area a dominant group. Sharp weapons were commonly employed in this region for homicide. Fatality of the victim can be highly minimized if medical and surgical interventions are be promptly prearranged. Proper counselling for developing positive attitude and controlling the aggression in youth have to be Promoted at large by the government. Keywords: Homicide; Medico-legal; sharp weapon injury; firearm injury DOI: 10.3126/hren.v9i1.4356Health Renaissance, 2011: Vol.9 No.1:15-19

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Physical Strength Perception of Older Caregivers in Rural Areas

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55100692 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (10) ◽

pp. 692

Author(s):

Muñoz-Bermejo ◽

Villafaina ◽

Collado-Mateo ◽

Postigo-Mota ◽

Adsuar

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Daily Living ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physical Strength ◽

Health Area ◽

The People ◽

Total Dependence ◽

Older Caregivers

Background and objective: In an aging population, it is increasingly common for older adults to take care of other older adults. Caregiving tasks may be conditioned by the aging process. This study aims to analyze the perceived physical strength of older caregivers and its impact on the functional capacity to engage in caregiving activities. Methods: A discretionary sampling of caregivers (N = 107), ≥65 years old, in the rural health area of Badajoz (Spain) participated in this cross-sectional study. Measurements included questions about the caregiver’s role (experience, years, hours, difficulties, demands) and their perceived physical strength, ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL), need for help or difficulty for caring. Results: Older caregivers from rural areas perceived a lack of physical strength (71%). These caregivers need more help, have more difficulties, and show less ability to perform ADL. Furthermore, around 80% of the people who had a lack of strength were caring for people with severe or total dependence. There is a direct correlation between the perceived lack of physical strength and the ability to perform basic (r = 0.382, p < 0.01) and instrumental (r = 0.370, p < 0.01) activities. Conclusions: Therefore, the perception of strength and the characteristics of the cared for person may be crucial variables to successfully conduct caregiving tasks.

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Food Fortification: The Level of Awareness among Kenyan Consumers

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2020/8486129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Amaya Aura Linda ◽

Florence Kyallo ◽

Judith K. Okoth ◽

Peter Kahenya ◽

Anselimo Makokha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Food Fortification ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Government ◽

Study Participants

More than half of the morbidity and mortality cases among children in Kenya are as a result of micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs). Food fortification is considered by the Government of Kenya as a feasible strategy for addressing MNDs. Worldwide, fortification has been proven to be effective since it does not require any change in dietary habits. Success of large-scale food fortification however may depend on consumer awareness of the fortification benefits. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 counties to collect information on fortification awareness using structured questionnaires. 1435 respondents were selected using the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling method. Data were analyzed using Stata version 14.0 and statistical significance p<0.05. The study participants were described using descriptive statistics. The association of sociodemographic characteristics and awareness of fortification was performed using binary logistic regression analysis. The median age of the study participants was 35 years. Only 28% of the respondents were aware of the term “fortification.” Of the respondents, about 27% heard of food fortification through radio. Vernacular radio emerged as the most preferred channel for communicating fortification information among 24.9% of the respondents. Although awareness of vitamins (32%) and minerals (1.5%) was limited, most (76%) respondents reported of existence of health risks for lacking micronutrients. Awareness of food fortification was significantly associated with respondents’ occupation (p< 0.001), household size (p=0.012), education levels (p<0.001), and age (p=0.025). There is need for a wider use of broadcast media sources to modify information and education materials to promote fortification awareness among Kenyan consumers.

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Knowledge, attitude, and practices on disposal methods of expired and unused medicines among students in public academic institutions in Lusaka, Zambia

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212371 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 774

Author(s):

Martin Kampamba ◽

Trevor Cheela ◽

Christabel Nang’andu Hikaambo ◽

Steward Mudenda ◽

Kennedy Saini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Academic Institutions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Take Back ◽

Study Participants ◽

Expired Medicines

Background: Unsafe disposal of unused and expired household medicines is a public health problem and mostly occur because of a lack of knowledge towards suitable medicine disposal methods. Thus, we aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices on the disposal methods of unused and expired medicines among students in public academic institutions in Lusaka, Zambia.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 385 students from three higher learning academic institutions were interviewed face to face using a structured questionnaire from 10th May to 24th June 2019. The cleaned data was then transferred to statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25.0 for analysis.Results: The mean age of the participants was 23 (SD±2.9). Out of the 385 participants, 215 (55.8%) did not know much about medical waste and 345 (89.6%) of them did not have any previous information regarding proper and safe disposal of unused and expired medicine. However, 351 (91.4%) of the participants appropriately responded that unsafe disposal of unused and expired medicine poses a threat to human health and can harm the environment. Throwing unused and expired medicine in household garbage/bin was the most frequently used disposal practice followed by flushing them in toilet/sink as responded by 231 (60.0%) and 128 (33.3%) of participants respectively. Only 17 (4.42%) reported returning unused and expired medicines to the nearest pharmacy. Conclusions: The majority of the study participants used unsafe methods to dispose of unused and expired medicine. However, most of the participants acknowledged that unsafe disposal of unused and expired medicines is a public health problem and proposed the need to introduce drug take-back programs in the communities.

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