scholarly journals COVID-19 patients with hypothyroidism: a retrospective cohort study from a dedicated COVID hospital of Mumbai, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1752
Author(s):  
Chinmay N. Gokhale ◽  
Smita S. Chavhan ◽  
Balkrishna B. Adsul ◽  
Maharudra A. Kumbhar ◽  
Kirti V. Kinge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Common

Background: India was one of the leaders in terms of COVID-19 cases across year 2020. Hypothyroidism is one of the common morbidities that may influence prognosis of infectious diseases. However, some previously published literature had suggested that hypothyroidism may not be affecting outcomes of COVID-19 disease. Objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing hypothyroidism and further suggesting determinants of worse outcomesMethods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out at one of largest Dedicated COVID-19 Hospital in Mumbai, India. Of the 16306 patients that got admitted at this hospital in year 2020, all those having hypothyroidism were included. Bivariate analysis was performed using Chi-square test and Multivariate analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression.Results: A total of 251 patients were having pre-existing hypothyroidism (1.54%). More females had hypothyroidism (73.7%) while death rate was more in males (26.3%). ICU admissions (27.5%) and death proportions (18.3%) were significantly more in hypothyroidism. Diabetes and hypertension were common concomitant Co-morbidities and odds ratios for death for diabetes group, hypertension group and diabetes+hypertension group were 4.9, 8.1 and 4.4 respectively in comparison to those having exclusive hypothyroidism.Conclusions: This study deals with an important topic of co-existing Hypothyroidism in COVID-19 patients and we can conclude that patients with Hypothyroidism must be considered to be at risk of severe outcomes. Furthermore, age, male gender and presence of concomitant Co-morbidities increase the risk of worse outcome.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Patient Compliance during Clear Aligner Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3103
Author(s):  
Lan Huong Timm ◽  
Gasser Farrag ◽  
Martin Baxmann ◽  
Falk Schwendicke
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Perceived Satisfaction ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Clear Aligner ◽  
Age Range

Compliance is highly relevant during clear aligner therapy (CAT). In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed compliance and associated covariates in a large cohort of CAT patients. A comprehensive sample of 2644 patients (75.0% females, 25.0% males, age range 18–64 years, median 27 years), all receiving CAT with PlusDental (Berlin, Germany) finished in 2019, was analyzed. Covariates included demographic ones (age, gender) as well as self-reported questionnaire-obtained ones (satisfaction with ones’ smile prior treatment, the experience of previous orthodontic therapy). The primary outcome was compliance: Based on patients’ consistent use of the mobile application for self-report and aligner wear time of ≥22 h, patients were classified as fully compliant, fairly compliant, or poorly compliant. Chi-square test was used to compare compliance in different subgroups. A total of 953/2644 (36.0%) of patients showed full compliance, 1012/2644 (38.3%) fair compliance, and 679/2644 (25.7%) poor compliance. Males were significantly more compliant than females (p = 0.000014), as were patients without previous orthodontic treatment (p = 0.023). Age and self-perceived satisfaction with ones’ smile prior to treatment were not sufficiently associated with compliance (p > 0.05). Our findings could be used to guide practitioners towards limitedly compliant individuals, allowing early intervention.

scholarly journals Urinary manifestations in African American and Caucasian inflammatory bowel disease patients: a retrospective cohort study

BMC Urology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Herbert ◽  
Emily Teeter ◽  
Landen Shane Burstiner ◽  
Ralfi Doka ◽  
Amor Royer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), like ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are associated with urinary extra-intestinal manifestations, like urolithiasis and uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). The literature reviewed for this study identifies an increased association of CD and urolithiasis against the general population as well as UC. Furthermore, the rates in which urinary comorbidities manifest have not been well characterized in cross-race analyses. The purpose of this study is to establish the prevalence of common urinary extra-intestinal manifestations in CD and UC and to further determine at what rate these affect the African American and Caucasian populations. Methodology This is a retrospective cohort study using de-identified data collected from a research data base that included 6 integrated facilities associated with one tertiary healthcare center from 2012 to 2019. The electronic chart records for 3104 Caucasian and African American IBD patients were reviewed for frequency of urolithiasis and uncomplicated UTI via diagnosed ICD-10 codes. Comparison between data groups was made using multivariate regressions, t-tests, and chi square tests. Results Our study included 3104 patients of which 59% were female, 38% were African American, and 43% were diagnosed with UC. Similar proportions of UC and CD diagnosed patients developed urolithiasis (6.0% vs 6.7%, p = 0.46), as well as uncomplicated UTIs (15.6% vs. 14.9%, p = 0.56). Similar proportions of African American and Caucasian patients developed urolithiasis (5.4% vs 7.0%, p = 0.09), but a higher proportion of African Americans developed uncomplicated UTIs (19.4% vs 12.6%, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion We found similar rates of urolithiasis formation in both UC and CD in this study. Furthermore, these rates were not significantly different between African American and Caucasian IBD populations. This suggests that UC patients have an elevated risk of urolithiasis formation as those patients with CD. Additionally, African Americans with IBD have a higher frequency of uncomplicated UTI as compared to their Caucasian counterparts.

scholarly journals Results of subclavian to carotid artery bypass for occlusive disease of the common carotid artery: A retrospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Illuminati ◽  
Giulia Pizzardi ◽  
Francesco G. Calio′ ◽  
Federica Masci ◽  
Rocco Pasqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Occlusive Disease ◽  
The Common

A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study of Blunt Traumatic Injury to the Common or Internal Carotid Arteries

Injury ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Jacob-Brassard ◽  
Mohammed Al-Omran ◽  
Barbara Haas ◽  
Avery B. Nathens ◽  
David Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
The Common ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries

scholarly journals Characteristics of peripheral white blood cells in COVID-19 patients revealed by a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunliang Tong ◽  
Anqi Cheng ◽  
Xueting Yuan ◽  
Xuefeng Zhong ◽  
He Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
New City ◽  
Hematological Changes ◽  
Peripheral White Blood Cells

Abstract Background Peripheral hematological changes in severe COVID-19 patients may reflect the immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Characteristics of peripheral white blood cells as early signals were needed to be investigated for clarifying its associations with the fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed and the hospitalized COVID-19 patients were recruited in wards of Sino-French New City Branch of Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Characteristics of peripheral white blood cells in survivors and non-survivors were analyzed. Comparison among patients with different level of eosinophils was performed. Results Of 198 patients included in this study, 185 were discharged and 13 died. Levels of eosinophils, lymphocytes and basophils in non-survivors were significantly lower than those in survivors. Death rate in low eosinophils group was higher and no patient died in normal eosinophils group (16.7% vs 0, P < 0.001). The proportion of patients in low eosinophils group who used glucocorticoids was higher than in normal eosinophils group, but glucocorticoids usage was not an indicator for death in subgroup analysis in low eosinophils patients. Moreover, positive correlation was found between the counts of lymphocytes and eosinophils in patients with glucocorticoids use but not in patients without the treatment. Conclusions Hematological changes differed between survivors and non-survivors with COVID-19. Lymphopenia and eosinopenia could be predictors for poor prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Initial counts of eosinophils may guide us in usage of glucocorticoids for COVID-19 treatment.

scholarly journals Profiling lower extremity injuries sustained in a state police population: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Lyons ◽  
Mick Stierli ◽  
Ben Hinton ◽  
Rodney Pope ◽  
Robin Orr
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Officer ◽  
Human Research Ethics ◽  
State Police ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Background Tactical populations, such as military, firefighter and law enforcement populations, are known to suffer a relatively high number of musculoskeletal injuries, with the lower extremity of notable concern. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the profile of lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries within a state police agency. Methods Injury data were collected by an Australian state police force over a 7-year period (2009–2016) and records not meeting the definition for lower extremity musculoskeletal injury were excluded. Statistical analyses were descriptive, with frequencies, means and standard deviations calculated where applicable. Chi-square analysis was performed to compare injury profiles by gender. Ethics approval was granted by Bond University Human Research Ethics Committee (Research Protocol 15360). Results Of the initial 65,579 incident records, 12,452 (19%) related to lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries. The knee was the most commonly injured site (31.4%) with sprains/strains (42.3%) the most common nature of injury and arresting offenders (24.2%) the most common activity at time of injury. Slips/trips/falls (37.8%) was found to be the most common cause of injury. Variations were found between genders, most notably within the injury activity (p < .001). 27.1% of male officers were injured when arresting offenders compared to 16.5% for female officers. Walking/running contributed to 17.9% of female officer incidents compared to 9.3% for male officers. The mean number of hours worked prior to injury occurrence was 6.00 ± 3.56 h with significantly more injuries occurring in the middle third of the shift (4.34–8.67 h, p < 0.001). Conclusions While the proportion of injuries that affected the lower extremity was lower for police, the leading sites of injuries (knees and ankles) were similar to those of military and fire and rescue populations. Variations between genders suggest there may need to be differences in return-to-work rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Association between neutropenia and death rate of bacterial neonatal sepsis

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Elly Noer Rochmah ◽  
Ekawaty Lutfia Haksari ◽  
Sri Mulatsih
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Bacterial Sepsis ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Death Risk ◽  
Crucial Problem

Background Neonatal sepsis remains a crucial problem with highmorbidity and mortality. Not less than four million neonates dieevery year, 99% of which occur in developing countries withinfection as the main cause (36%) of death. The prognosticfactors of bacterial neonatal sepsis vary. However the death ratein neonatal sepsis with neutropenia is suspected to be higher thanthat in non-neutropenic condition.Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify whetherneutropenia would increase the death risk of bacterial neonatalsepsis.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Subjectswere neonates at Instalasi Maternal Perinatal (IMP) of Dr. SardjitoHospital in Yogyakarta who met the eligibility criteria. Duringthe five-year period Qanuary 2002- January 2007), out of 1821cases of suspected neonatal sepsis, 365 (16.7%) were found tohave bacterial cause in the culture of body's fluid (blood, urine,and cerebrospinal). Out of these 16.7% patients suffering fromneutropenia, 39.6% patients died, whereas 9.1 o/o patients weresurvive [RR 4.72, (95% CI: 2.49 to 8.93), P < 0.01].Conclusion Neonates suffering bacterial sepsis with neutropeniahad death risk 4.7 times higher than those who did not haveneutropenia.

scholarly journals To Study Demographics as Risk Factor for Mortality Associated with COVID-19 : A retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1519-1523
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh Bakshi ◽  
Neetu Sharma ◽  
Jasbir Singh ◽  
Sandeep Batish ◽  
Vijay Sehga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

Objectives : Novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 has emerged as a pandemic, claiming over 1,431,513 lives ( till Nov. 27,2020 ) worldwide involving 191 countries . The objective of the study is to evaluate age and gender as a risk factor for COVID -19 related mortality . Material and Methods : It is a retrospective cohort study , where the database of indoor COVID-19 positive patients was assessed for the study. Evaluation of the role of age and gender in mortality of COVID infection by comparing dataset of 2,142 indoor COVID positive patients with two outcome groups namely ,death and discharged groups was done. Results: The age comparison between two groups namely, death and discharged groups showed a median age of 60 years (IQR 50-70) for patients who died and 52 years (IQR 36–62) for the patients who recovered from COVID (p value-<0.001). There were 9 (0.65%) pediatric patients (<12 yrs) in the group of patients who recovered .For gender analysis (n=2129), COVID patients who died were 32.5%( n=692) ,out of which 63.6%(n=440) were males and 36.4%(n=252) were females. COVID positive patients in discharged group were 67.5%(n=1437),out of which 61.2%(n=880) were males and 38.8%(n=557) were females. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for mortality risk based on gender for COVID -19 infection (chi square value of 1.09, p value=.296) and the relative risk of death in males and females who died of COVID was 1.052 (95% CI=0.92-1.204). Conclusion: COVID-19 infection is showing predilection for male gender in both death and discharged group but the males and females are equally susceptible to the risk of death .

scholarly journals Accuracy of CT Evaluation for Cervical Spine Clearance in the Ground Level Fall Population – A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Culhane ◽  
Alan Parr ◽  
Philippe Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Neurologic Deficit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ct Findings

Abstract BackgroundClinically occult cervical spine (CS) injuries are well described in blunt trauma, however delay in identifying these injuries and clearing the CS can result in morbidity. Our study examines the ground level fall (GLF) population to analyze whether computed tomography (CT) alone can rule out unstable injury in this group with lower force mechanism.MethodsThis is a single center, retrospective cohort study. Cases of GLF between 6/1/2012 through 12/31/2019 were queried. Characteristics of GLF and non-GLF patients were compared. Significance for categorical data was calculated with Chi Square, Student’s t-test for continuous data, and Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal data. CT negative CS injuries were identified. Binary classification tests were calculated for the ability of CT to identify CS injury using a generalized linear regression model with binomial distribution and identity link.Results69 (2.0%) of patients had CS injury without acute CT abnormality. Of these, 11 (0.3%) required surgery and were considered unstable. All patients who required surgery had a neurologic deficit. Negative predictive value (NPV) of CT for unstable CS injury was 99.7%. The combination of acute CT findings and neurologic deficit ruled out unstable CS injury with 100% NPV.ConclusionIn the GLF population, CT alone rules out unstable CS injury with high, but not perfect NPV. The combination of absence of acute CT findings and acute neurologic deficits rules out unstable CS injury with 100% NPV.

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