Prevalence of mental health morbidity among the inmates of childcare homes under Social Justice Department, Government of Kerala

Background: Mental disorders are common, affecting more than 25% of all people at some time during their lives. Worldwide literature has shown that onset of common mental disorders occurs in childhood and adolescence. Children with mental health problems are often first seen and first treated in the education, social justice, or juvenile justice systems. In India, according to Juvenile Justice Act, 2000, such children are institutionalized in children’s and observation homes under Social Justice Department. This study aims at assessing the mental health status and estimating the prevalence of mental health morbidity among these children and adolescents.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted among the inmates of childcare homes under the Social Justice Department, Government of Kerala. Each individual district in the state was fixed as clusters. Out of the 14 districts, five districts were randomly selected. The childcare homes in each cluster were included. All the eligible children in the cluster during the visit were studied.Results: The median SDQ total score of the study participants was 15 (11, 21). The prevalence of mental health morbidity was estimated as 33.3% (95% CI: 26.86% - 40.31%) in the study population. There were 32 (15.9%) study participants with borderline SDQ score.Conclusions: The prevalence in the current study was more than that found in the general child population children across the world as well as in India, which in turn suggests the need of special care needed for these children and adolescents, especially in mental health.

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Evidence-Based Practice in School Mental Health

10.1093/oso/9780190886578.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Adolescent Psychopathology ◽

Real Life ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

School Based ◽

K 12

Schools have become the default mental health providers for children and adolescents, but they are often poorly equipped to meet the mental health needs of their students. The introduction tackles how to make students eligible for school-based services using the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Using the new DSM-5 as an organizing principle, this book then addresses the 12 most common mental disorders of childhood and adolescence, ages 3–18. While there are many books that address child and adolescent psychopathology, this book focuses on how to help students with mental disorders in pre-K–12 schools. Each chapter addresses the prevalence of a disorder in school-age populations, appropriate diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, comorbid disorders, rapid assessment instruments available, school-based interventions using multitiered systems of support, and easy-to-follow suggestions for progress monitoring. Unique to this book, each chapter has detailed suggestions for how school-based clinicians can collaborate with teachers, parents, and community providers to address the needs of youth with mental health problems so that school, home, and community work together. Each chapter ends with a list of extensive web resources and a real-life case example drawn from the clinical practice of the authors. The final chapter addresses two newly proposed diagnoses for self-harm in the DSM-5 and brings a cautious and sensible approach to assessing and helping students who may be at risk for serious self-injury or suicide.

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Common Mental Disorders and Substance Use in School Children of Eastern Nepal

Journal of Psychiatrists Association of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jpan.v8i1.26331 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 17-21

Author(s):

P Sharma ◽

N Thakur ◽

S Sharma ◽

M Pokharel

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

School Mental Health ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Common Mental Health Problems ◽

Current Scenario ◽

History Of

Introduction: School mental health is one of the important areas where early detection can lead to appropriate early intervention and burden of disease can be minimized. There is dearth of prevalence studies of common mental disorders on school going adolescents in Nepal. Considering this we aimed to study the prevalence of common mental health problems and substance use in school going adolescents. Material And Method: We evaluated 240 students for common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) using translated version of PHQ-4 and substance use single validated question after taking consent from school authorities and assent from students. Results: It was seen that 68.8 % students had psychological distress. 22.9 % and 27.5% of students had anxiety and depression respectively on screener and 23.3% students had use of substance at least once within a year. When compared male had significantly higher number of substance use as compared to female but no difference in PHQ-4 scores were seen when compared between gender and history of substance use. Conclusion: The study shows the current scenario of school going adolescents in Nepal and highlights the need of prevalence data on more generalizable setting.

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Preconception prediction of expectant fathers' mental health: 20-year cohort study from adolescence

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2017.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 58-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elizabeth Spry ◽

Rebecca Giallo ◽

Margarita Moreno-Betancur ◽

Jacqui Macdonald ◽

Denise Becker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Health Problems ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Future Research ◽

Expectant Fathers

We examined prospective associations between men's common mental disorders in the decades prior to offspring conception and subsequent paternal antenatal mental health problems. Data came from a prospective intergenerational cohort study which assessed common mental disorder nine times from age 14 to 29 years, and in the third trimester of subsequent pregnancies to age 35 years (N = 295 pregnancies to 214 men). Men with histories of adolescent and young adult common mental disorders were over four times more likely to experience antenatal mental health problems. Future research identifying modifiable perinatal factors that counteract preconception risk would provide further targets for intervention.Declaration of interestNone.

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An Overview of International Literature on School Interventions to Promote Mental Health and Well-being in Children and Adolescents

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health ◽

10.2174/1745017901511010016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 16-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mauro Giovanni Carta ◽

Teresa Di Fiandra ◽

Lorenzo Rampazzo ◽

Paolo Contu ◽

Antonio Preti

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Well Being ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

International Literature ◽

Special Issue ◽

School Interventions ◽

Health And Wellbeing

Introduction:Mental disorders are the largest cause of the burden of disease in the world. Most of the burden affecting adult life has its onset during childhood and adolescence. The European Pact for Mental Health and Wellbeing calls for immediate action and investments in the mental health of children and adolescents. Schools may be the ideal location for promoting health and delivering healthcare services, since schools are a location where young people usually spend their daytime and socialize, schools are easily accessible to families, can provide non-stigmatizing health actions, and form links with the community.Aims and Goals of this Special Issue:This issue is developed within the framework of the Joint Action on Mental Health promoted by the European Commission. This special issue presents a set of systematic reviews on the evidence of the international literature on school interventions for the promotion of the mental health and wellbeing of children and adolescents. It is focused on five topical main areas: promoting general health and wellbeing; programs targeting specific mental disorders and conditions and integration of adolescents with mental health problems; Bullying; Sport; Alcohol and Drugs. An additional paper on the results of the largest epidemiological study conducted in some European countries on the prevalence and relative risk factors of mental disorders in school-age completes the issue.Conclusion:These reviews are a first contribution to address future European research and interventions, in particular about the multiple ways through which European policies could support the schooling and wellbeing of children and adolescents.

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Elderly health care in the Family Health Strategy and the prevalence of common mental disorders

Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia ◽

10.1590/1809-9823.2016.15004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 21-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Venício Aurélio Onofri Júnior ◽

Vinícius Spazzapan Martins ◽

Maria José Sanches Marin

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Medical Records ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Patient Flow ◽

Family Health ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Strategy ◽

Family Health Strategy

The aims of the present study were to characterize the reasons for medical appointments and treatment procedures of elderly people in the Estratégia Saúde da Família ("Family Health Strategy") (ESF), with emphasis on mental health, as well as to identify the prevalence of common mental disorders, and compare this with the approaches described in medical records. A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 219 elderly persons was performed by reviewing medical records and applying a Self-Response Questionnaire (SRQ-20). For this population the average number of appointments per year was three, 42.3% of appointments were to obtain a medical prescription, and 70.9% of medical procedures involved the provision of medical prescriptions. There were eight referrals to specialized mental health services. The most prescribed psychiatric drugs were anxiolytics (55%), and antidepressants (29.7%). A total of 19.6% of the elderly persons had scores above seven in the SRQ-20. It was observed that a large proportion of mental disorders were not detected, and there was a failure in the procedures adopted. More investment in patient flow and the definition of assistance criteria for this population is required.

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Innovative Ways to Promote Children’s Mental Health: Developing Accessible and Sustainable School Mental Health Services in Pakistan

Annals of King Edward Medical University ◽

10.21649/akemu.v24i1.2345 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 565-567

Author(s):

Nazish Imran

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Health Services ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

School Mental Health ◽

World Health ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Young Population ◽

The Third ◽

Health Organization

According to World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10-15% of children and adolescents worldwide suffer from mental health problems.(1) The WHO also highlights that “Lack of attention to mental health of children & adolescents may lead to mental disorders with lifelong consequences, undermines compliance with health regimens and reduces the capacity of societies to be safe and productive”. (2) More than half of all mental disorders have an onset in childhood and adolescence with suicide being the third leading cause of death among adolescents. (1), (3) Child & adolescent mental health thus needs to be considered & emphasized as an integral component of overall health & growth of young population. Youth with positive mental health have positive self-efficacy beliefs, are productive and able to tackle developmental challenges adequately.

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Poverty hits children first?

Die Psychiatrie ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1669555 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (02) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. M. Fegert ◽

D. Harsch ◽

M. Kölch

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Economic Crisis ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

Children First

SummaryPoverty is a risk factor for mental health problems during childhood and adolescence in general. The economic crisis (2007–2013) seemed to have intensified poverty in families within the most affected countries, esp. in the southern countries of Europe. Within a selective literature review, existing data on the risk of poverty, mental disorders in parents and further risk factors on mental health of children are analyzed. Direct effects like limited access to mental health care system may exist, but are not proved in general. From a developmental perspective, effects of the crisis seem more indirectly mediated by well-known risk factors for psychiatric disorders of children and adolescents: substance abuse in families, mental disorders of parents and loss of perspectives within families are risk factors both on mental health of a child but also for a low educational level which would be a resilience factor. There is evidence that an increase of child abuse and neglect (adverse childhood experiences, ACE) was linked to the economic crisis. Long-term effects e.g. due to ACE may be observed in later times, when children are grown-up.

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Ageing and the prevalence and treatment of mental health problems

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291712003042 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (10) ◽

pp. 2037-2045 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

M. Jokela ◽

G. D. Batty ◽

M. Kivimäki

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Old Age ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Health Problems ◽

Cohort Effects ◽

The Past ◽

Time Period

BackgroundAgeing is an important factor in the development of mental health problems and their treatment. We assessed age trajectories of common mental disorders (CMDs) and psychotherapy utilization from adolescence to old age, and examined whether these trajectories were modified by time period or birth cohort effects.MethodBritish Household Panel Survey (BHPS) with an 18-year follow-up between 1991 and 2009 (n = 30 224 participants, aged 15–100 years, with an average 7.3 person-observations per person). CMDs were assessed with the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Psychotherapy treatment utilization during the past year was self-reported by the participants. The modifying influences of time period and cohort effects were assessed in a cohort-sequential longitudinal setting.ResultsFollowing a moderate decrease after age 50, the prevalence of GHQ caseness increased steeply from age 75. This increase was more marked in the 2000s (GHQ prevalence increasing from 24% to 43%) than in the 1990s (from 22% to 34%). Psychotherapy utilization decreased after age 55, with no time period or cohort effects modifying the age trajectory. These ageing patterns were replicated in within-individual longitudinal analysis.ConclusionsOld age is associated with higher risk of CMDs, and this association has become more marked during the past two decades. Ageing is also associated with an increasing discrepancy between prevalence of mental disorders and provision of treatment, as indicated by lower use of psychotherapy in older individuals.

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Prevalence of common mental disorders among Dutch medical students and related use and need of mental health care: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh.2012.025 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Roxanne Gaspersz ◽

Monique H.W. Frings-Dresen ◽

Judith K. Sluiter

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Medical Students ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Health Services ◽

Mental Health Care ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess common mental disorders and the related use and need for mental health care among clinically not yet active and clinically active medical students. Methods: All medical students (n=2266) at one Dutch medical university were approached. Students from study years 1–4 were defined as clinically not yet active and students from study years 5 and 6 as clinically active. An electronic survey was used to detect common mental disorders depression (BSI-DEP), anxiety (BSI-ANG), stress (4DSQ) and post-traumatic stress disorder (IES). The use of mental health services in the past 3 months and the need for mental health services were asked for. The prevalence of common mental disorders, the use and need for mental health services and differences between groups were calculated. Results: The response rate was 52%: 814 clinically not yet active and 316 clinically active students. The prevalence of common mental disorders among clinically not yet active and clinically active students was 54% and 48%, respectively. The use of mental health services was 14% in clinically not yet active and 12% in clinically active students with common mental disorders (n.s.). The need for mental health services by clinically not yet active and clinically active students was 52% and 46%, respectively (n.s.). Conclusions: The prevalence of probable common mental disorders are higher among clinically not yet active than among clinically active students. The need of mental health services exceeds use, but is the same in the two groups of students.

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Influence of military component and deployment-related experiences on mental disorders among Canadian military personnel who deployed to Afghanistan: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018735 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. e018735 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David Boulos ◽

Deniz Fikretoglu

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Suicide Ideation ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Difference

ObjectiveThe primary objective was to explore differences in mental health problems (MHP) between serving Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) components (Regular Force (RegF); Reserve Force (ResF)) with an Afghanistan deployment and to assess the contribution of both component and deployment experiences to MHP using covariate-adjusted prevalence difference estimates. Additionally, mental health services use (MHSU) was descriptively assessed among those with a mental disorder.DesignData came from the 2013 CAF Mental Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey of serving personnel (n=72 629). Analyses were limited to those with an Afghanistan deployment (population n=35 311; sampled n=4854). Logistic regression compared MHP between RegF and ResF members. Covariate-adjusted prevalence differences were computed.Primary outcome measureThe primary outcomes were MHP, past-year mental disorders, identified using the WHO’s Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and past-year suicide ideation.ResultsResF personnel were less likely to be identified with a past-year anxiety disorder (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.72 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.90)), specifically both generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder, but more likely to be identified with a past-year alcohol abuse disorder (AOR=1.63 (95% CI 1.04 to 2.58)). The magnitude of the covariate-adjusted disorder prevalence differences for component was highest for the any anxiety disorder outcome, 2.8% (95% CI 1.0 to 4.6); lower for ResF. All but one deployment-related experience variable had some association with MHP. The ‘ever felt responsible for the death of a Canadian or ally personnel’ experience had the strongest association with MHP; its estimated covariate-adjusted disorder prevalence difference was highest for the any (of the six measured) mental disorder outcome (11.2% (95% CI 6.6 to 15.9)). Additionally, ResF reported less past-year MHSU and more past-year civilian MHSU.ConclusionsPast-year MHP differences were identified between components. Our findings suggest that although deployment-related experiences were highly associated with MHP, these only partially accounted for MHP differences between components. Additional research is needed to further investigate MHSU differences between components.

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