scholarly journals Analysis of risk-factors associated with diarrhea prevalence among underfive children in Galkayo District Puntland State, Somalia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustaf A. Isack ◽  
Juma J. Nyamai ◽  
Atei Kerochi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Diarrhea Prevalence

Background: The study analysed risk factors associated with diarrhea prevalence among underfive children in Galkayo District Puntland State, Somalia.Methods: The study used analytical cross-sectional survey conducted in Galkayo, from February to March 2020. The inclusion criteria were caregivers with underfive children, and exclusion criteria were children over five years, caregivers who have no underfive children and children with chronic diarrhea. Sample of 385 was calculated using Yamane formula. Caregivers were randomly selected using simple random sampling after cluster sampling. The researcher administered structured questionnaires, collected data from eligible caregivers using interview guide and elicited on diarrhea perceptions. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS, qualitative data was identified common and sub-themes.Results: The study found diarrhea was affecting 30% of underfive children. The presence of two under-fives in the household was associated with high diarrhea prevalence [OR=1.93, 95% CI= (1.21, 3.08)]. Low educational level of underfive caregivers were associated with high diarrhea occurrence [OR=1.36, 95% CI= (0.68, 2.66)]. Households headed by non-biological mothers, diarrhea prevalence was high [OR=0.06, 95% CI= (0.00, 0.50) and OR=0.17, 95% CI= (0.03, 0.79)] respectively. Those children under the care of employed caregivers, diarrhea occurrence was high [OR=2.41 (0.99, 5.80)]. Poor personal hygiene (32%), sanitation (28%), and water quality (28%) were attributed to the cause of diarrhea among children.Conclusions: The study recommends, practice of child spacing, improve caregivers’ basic education to better understand risk factors and seek treatment, establish routine water quality surveillance at source and at household level, conduct awareness behaviour change by promotion of handwashing.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension Among Adults living in the City of Bandundu, Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo. A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Mukoso ◽  
Aliocha Nkodila ◽  
François Lepira ◽  
Pascal Bayauli ◽  
Yves Lubenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background and aim: In limited resource settings, reliable epidemiological data generated from hypertension high risk geographical areas or people is a prerequisite for the planning of proven and effective interventions. The aim of the present survey was to assess the prevalence, awareness, control and factors associated with hypertension in adults living in the port City of Bandundu, located in the southwestern part of DRC.Methods: a cross-sectional survey using a modified WHO STEPwise questionnaire for data collection during face-to face interviews was conducted from 1st May to 30th October 2018. A multistage cluster sampling method was used and inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years and informed consent. Information on demographic parameters, behavioral lifestyles, anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements was obtained. Hypertension was defined as an average of two BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or self-reported history of antihypertensive medication use. Independent factors associated with hypertension were identified using logistic regression analysis. P<0.05 defined the level of statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 34,5% (Women 36,6 %). Older age (p<0.001), subclinical atherosclerosis (p= 0.021), sleep duration <8 hours (p<0.002), diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), and obesity (p= 0.009) emerged as main cardiovascular risk factors associated with hypertension.Conclusion: Hypertension was characterized by a high prevalence, low rate of awareness and suboptimal BP control, high cardiovascular risk and associated sleep duration and obesity as modifiable risk factors.

scholarly journals Exposure to Messages on Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases in a Rural Province of Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bich Diep Pham ◽  
Bao Giang Kim ◽  
Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen ◽  
Van Minh Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Background. Providing messages on risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) plays an important role in preventing disease. Objectives. This study investigated how often adults living in a rural area in northern Vietnam heard about risks factor for NCD and where they obtained that information. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a multistage stratified cluster sampling to recruit 2970 participants. Data analyses were adjusted for all variables in a two-level multilevel Poisson regression model. Results. Overall, 77% of respondents had heard about NCDs, while 38.3 to 50% had been exposed to messages on risk factors of NCDs in the last month. Television, radio, and friends/neighbors were the most common sources of information. Most people exposed information no more than one or two sources. Factors associated with exposure to messages about risk were occupation, age group, education, and economic status. Conclusion. Intervention programs should focus on providing information primarily through television, considering influencing factors as well ensuring that messages reach target audiences.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Household Survey of Risk Behaviors Related to Viral Hepatitis among Adults in Sokoto-Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Shuaibu A. Hudu ◽  
Nabil S. Hamal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Razor Blade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Viral hepatitis is a deadly disease which can manifest as acute, chronic, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure and responsible for 1.34 million deaths globally, a number comparable to deaths caused by tuberculosis and higher than those caused by HIV. Objectives: The goal of this survey was to find the vastness of different risk factors associated with Viral Hepatitis and to describe the connection between these risk and sociodemographic factors among adults in Sokoto-Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was carried in nine local government areas in the state. A two-stage cluster sampling was utilized and adults who were living in the selected household were interviewed. A multivariate linear regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic indicators and different viral hepatitis risk factors. Results: Seven hundred and twenty eight respondents were recruited for this survey. Sharing nail cutters, body piercing, and razor blade use were the most pervasive risk factors among respondents. Males, married couples, respondents somewhere in the range of 27 and 40 years of age, and people with low educational achievement were more likely to be exposed to risk factors associated with Viral Hepatitis. Conclusion: The risk of viral hepatitis was moderately high among the survey subject. Consequently, explicit projects like forum, classes and persistent instruction on preventive measures for viral hepatitis ought to be custom fitted to these forums. These projects could be directed by government specialists like the Ministry of Health Sokoto and other support agencies and non-governmental organizations. 

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Cutaneous Mycoses among Boarding Secondary Schools Students in Coast Region, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Emmanuel B. Deogratias ◽  
Kennedy D. Mwambete
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Coast Region

Aims: To determines the prevalence and risk factors for cutaneous mycoses (CMs) among boarding secondary schools’ students in Coast Region, Tanzania Study Design: It was a cross-sectional survey-based study involving boarding secondary schools’ students. Cluster sampling technique was employed for data collection using semi-structured questionnaire. Place and Duration of Study: It involved students from both government and private boarding secondary schools in a period between January and June 2020. Methodology: The study involved 320 students (equal number of females and males). The questionnaire inquired on these key issues: contraction of CMs and/or other skin related infections, and risk factors associated with CMs, previous exposure to antifungal agents, reasons for the use, duration of use and its outcome. Obtained information was analyzed using the SPSS version 20. Multivariate and logistic regression were employed to determine association among investigated variables. Differences among the variables were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: Prevalence of CMs among the students was 61.5% (n = 197/320). Higher proportion of students in government schools had CMs as compared to private ones (35.9% vs. 25.6%; p <0.01). The former schools were twice more likely to contract CMs (OR = 2.43, 95%CI: 1.53-3.86, p <0.01) than those in private schools. Correlations existed between students’ ages and recurrence of CMs (Pearson’s R = 0.044; p<0.01); and between students’ bodyweights and prevalence of CMs (R= 0.139; p = 0.02). Association existed between non-adherence to antifungal treatment and prevalence of CMs (p = 0.001). Conclusion: High prevalence of CMs was revealed among students, which was relatively higher among males than females. Risk factors for CMs included poor personal hygiene and sanitary conditions, students’ ages and bodyweights. Education on risk factors for CMs among the respondents is required for earlier, prevention and control. Further studies involving larger samples size are highly recommended.

Risk Factors for Illicit Drug Use Among Malaysian Male Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8_suppl) ◽  
pp. 48S-56S
Author(s):  
Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani ◽  
Jane Ling Miaw Yn ◽  
Thamil Arasu Saminathan ◽  
Tania Gayle Robert Lourdes ◽  
Rushidi Ramly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Adolescents

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of illicit drug use and its associated factors among male adolescents in Malaysia. Data of 13 135 adolescents were extracted from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2017, a cross-sectional survey among school-going adolescents in Malaysia aged between 13 and 17 years, using a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling. A complex sample design analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were applied. The overall prevalence of lifetime illicit drug use among male adolescents was 6.6%. The multivariable model showed that illicit drug use among male adolescents were associated with younger age, rural school area, marital status of parent, current smoker, ever having sex, truancy, involved in physical fight, and lack of peer support. The findings from this study can assist community and relevant authorities in their efforts to combat illicit drug usage among adolescents using intervention programs that diminishes risk factors and enhances the protective factors.

scholarly journals Caries Prevalence Evolution and Risk Factors among Schoolchildren and Adolescents from Valencia (Spain): Trends 1998–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6561
Author(s):  
Teresa Almerich-Torres ◽  
José María Montiel-Company ◽  
Carlos Bellot-Arcís ◽  
José Enrique Iranzo-Cortés ◽  
José Carmelo Ortolá-Siscar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Icdas Ii

The aim of this study was to determine the caries status and risk factors in the schoolchildren of Spain’s Valencia region in 2018 and to compare them to the 20-year evolution of caries indicators in the region. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1722 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 15 using cluster sampling. Caries status, using International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) criteria, and sociodemographic variables were recorded. To ensure the comparison with previous studies using WHO caries criteria, the cut-off point was established at ICDAS II code 4. Caries prevalence was found to be 37.4% and the decayed and filled teeth index (dft) was 1.23 at 6 years for deciduous dentition (DD). In permanent dentition (PD) at 12 years, caries prevalence was 30.1% with a 0.66 decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT), and at 15 years, prevalence was 44.6% and DMFT was 1.21. Socioeconomic status poses a major risk factor for caries prevalence in deciduous dentition; it is 1.8 times higher in the lowest socioeconomic group. Deciduous dentition status has worsened in the most recent eight-year period, whereas in permanent dentition the 12- and 15-year values are similar to those of the 2010 survey. Evolution analysis suggests that community dental care programs be enhanced, involving preventive activities staring at the first year and targeting disadvantaged groups.

scholarly journals Effect of Good Hygiene Sanitation and Personal Hygiene Depot Management of Refill Drinking Water on the Quality of Drinking Water Reviewed from Most-Probable-Number Coliform in Kediri

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Indasah Indasah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Hygiene Management

Drinking water is a basic human need and must meet health requirements. Drinking water depots are a means of filling drinking water which is in the process of processing raw water using treatment and sterilization system. Drinking water depots as providers of drinking water must also meet the requirements of sanitation hygiene and personal hygiene management must also be maintained so that the water produced meets health requirements. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sanitation hygiene and personal hygiene management of refill drinking water depots on the quality of drinking water in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform in Kediri. The research design used was analytic observational with cross sectional approach. The population of all refill drinking water depots in Kediri is 57, with the sampling technique that is Simple Random Sampling, where a portion of refill drinking water depots in Kediri are 50. Data is collected by check list, questionnaire and laboratory examination. The results showed that most of the hygiene sanitation of the drinking water depot had fulfilled the requirements of 77%, the drinking water personal hygiene depot was good as much as 85% and those who met the drinking water requirements were 70%. The results of the hygiene feasibility analysis showed the value of Sig 0.000<0.05 (R=0.935) means that there was an effect of hygiene sanitation quality with water quality in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform. While the personal hygiene value of Sig 0.001 <0.05 (R = 0.528) indicates that there is a personal hygiene influence with water quality in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform. The results of Logistic Regression test showed that there were effects of sanitation hygiene and personal hygiene management of refill drinking water depots with water quality in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform with a significance value = 0.000 <a 0.05. This shows that the hygiene and the better personal hygiene at refill drinking water depots is increasingly fulfilling water quality requirements in terms of the Most Probable Number Coliform

scholarly journals Prevalence and influencing risk factors of eczema among preschool children in Urumqi city: a cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haonan Shi ◽  
Guangsheng Wan ◽  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Jia Zhu ◽  
Lan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Eczema is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with impaired quality of life. We identified indoor environmental risk factors, to provide strong evidence for the prevention and control of eczema in preschool children. Methods Using a cross-sectional study with stratified random cluster sampling, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey among 8153 parents of children aged 2–8 years in 60 kindergartens in six districts of Urumqi city during August 2019. Results Among 8153 preschool children, 12.0% of the children have been diagnosed with eczema. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that caesarean section (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.36), being an only child (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18–1.57), presence of mould or moisture in the mother’s home before pregnancy (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.17–2.00), presence of flies or mosquitoes in the dwelling currently (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10–1.55), pets kept in the child’s home currently (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01–1.51), presence of pets during child’s first year (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.14–1.85), and family history of eczema (OR = 3.53, 95% CI: 2.98–4.19) are the risk factors for the development of eczema, whereas ethnicity other than the Han Chinese (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.96) is a protective factor for eczema. Conclusion Preschool children in Urumqi are at a high risk of eczema, particularly those of the Han Chinese ethnicity. Parents should be attentive to the indoor living environment of children and take actions to reduce indoor humidity, pest control and elimination, and avoid raising pets to reduce the risk of development of eczema in children.

scholarly journals Helminthic Infestation of Grass Root Level Students in a Selected Madrasha of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Rahat Bin Habib ◽  
ARM Luthful Kabir ◽  
Md Abdur Rouf ◽  
Md Sk Shahid Ullah ◽  
Md Nazmul Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Survey Evaluation

In Bangladesh, 4 million students study in 64000 madrasha, which represent 7% of all students, most of these are unregistered. There is little evaluation of helminthic infestation by any authority. It is believed that madrasha students came from vulnerable part of society. : Present Sheikh Hasian government declared on equivalency of their certificate therefore it is important to study on them and evaluate their helminthic infestation. May be this is one of the first study on helminthic infestation on grass root level madrasha students in Bangladesh. We conducted the study to evaluate on helminthiasis to find out current situations, to identify the risk factors and for intervention to control of helminthic infestation.  This cross sectional study was conducted on 164 from 1000 residential students by simple random sampling. Face to face interview and anthropometric measurement were conducted by semistructured open ended questionnaire from those students. Out of hundred-sixty four students all were male, age range from 06-18 years, ova found 75% students in their stool sample, 71% have multiple helminthasis, Ascaris Lumbricoids (AL) was the most (28%) prevalence, in polyparasitism 58% were Ascaris Lumbricoids and Trichuris Trichuria (AL+TT), anal itching found 68% students which indicate pin worm, no antihelminthic intake 76% students within 6 months. Teachers and parent’s health education help to prevent helminthasis. Regular survey, evaluation is needed to identify the risk factors of helminthasis for intervention, monitoring, guidance and training of students and teachers to improve their personal hygiene practice. Moreover need to intake of regular antihelminthic for dewarming  to build a healthy green Bangladesh. Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 44-47

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