scholarly journals Infrastructure evaluation of anganwadi centres in Kalaburagi city: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Baseer ◽  
Khusroo Ahmed Ansari ◽  
Anant A. Takalkar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Learning Capacity ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Set Up

Background: ICDS scheme represents one of the largest programmes, which is a symbol of India’s commitment to its children, providing pre-school education on one hand and breaking the today vicious cycle of malnutrition, morbidity, reduced learning capacity and mortality on the other hand.Methods: The present study was taken up to assess the infrastructure and services of anganwadi centers. Community based cross sectional observational study was conducted by involving 92 anganwadi centers in Kalaburagi city.Results: Out of 92 AWCs studied, 52 (56.5%) were belonged to Government set up whereas 40 i.e.; 43.5% were on rental basis. Safe drinking water was available in 81 i.e.; 88% of AWCs, toilet facility was available in 34 i.e.; 37% of AWCs. Adequate outdoor space was available in 54 i.e.; 58.7% of AWCs. Adequate indoor space was available in 72 i.e.; 78.3% of AWCs. Adequate kitchen space was available in 65 i.e.; 70.7% of AWCs. Adequate food storage facility was available in 70 i.e.; 76.1% of AWCs and in 22 i.e.; 23.9% it was not adequate. In 30 i.e.; 32.6% of AWCs, source of fuel use was LPG.Conclusions: Safe drinking water was available in majority of AWCs. Almost one third of anganwadi have inadequate space. Majority of anganwadi have maintained sufficient number of registers. Outdoor and indoor game kits and equipment’s were available at majority of AWCs.

scholarly journals A KAP study on water, sanitation and hygiene among residents of Parla village, Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Hothur ◽  
Sreedevi Arepalli ◽  
Anusha Doddoju Veera Bhadreshwara
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Background: Ensuring access to safe drinking water and sanitation for rural people is the key catalyst for economic and human growth. However extreme poverty inhibits a significant portion of rural population from getting access to sanitation facilities and safe drinking water services. The study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and Practices (KAP) with regard to water, sanitation and hygienic practices and to identify the socio-demographic factors in relation.Methods: A cross-sectional study sample comprising of 236 households was conducted in the rural field practice area after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval. Proportionate sample of 20% households were taken from each ward and houses were selected by systematic random sampling method. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding water, sanitation and hygiene were assessed using pretested semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Out of 236 households majority interviewed were females 169 (71.6%), illiterate (54.2%) and unskilled workers 122 (51.7%) belonging to class V socio-economic status 165 (69.9%). Household lavatory is absent in 114 (48.3%) households. Out of 122 (51.7%) households having sanitary lavatories only 59 (48.4%) were fully utilizing them remaining 63 (51.6%) households were going to open defecation even though sanitary lavatory was present. A significant association between defecation practice and socio-economic status, education were observed.Conclusions: This study shows that even though they have sufficient knowledge on water purification, Sanitation and hygiene this was not translated into practice because of poor attitude.

scholarly journals Access to Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: A Cross-Sectional Study among the Maasai in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1535-1539
Author(s):  
Boniphace Jacob ◽  
Method Kazaura
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

ABSTRACTSafe water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) are among key components to prevent and control waterborne diseases such as cholera, schistosomiasis, and other gastrointestinal morbidities in the community. In 2018, there was cholera outbreak in Ngorongoro district that was fueled by inadequate and unsafe water as well as poor sanitation and hygiene. We used an analytical cross-sectional study first to determine the proportion of households with access to WaSH and second to assess factors associated with coverage of household’s access to WaSH. Methods included interviewing heads of the household to assess the availability of safe drinking water, use of unshared toilet/latrine by household members only, and the availability of functional handwashing facility. Eight percent of households had access to WaSH. Access to household’s WaSH was positively associated with household’s monthly income, education of heads of the household, and water use per person per week. To control water-related morbidities, there is a need to improve access to reliable safe drinking water, expand alternatives of households to earn more incomes, and enhance proper sanitation and hygiene services to rural areas and marginalized groups like the Maasai of Ngorongoro in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Drinking water hygiene practices in caregivers of under 6 year children: a cross sectional study in urban Lucknow, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3829
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Manar ◽  
Shivendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Prashant Kumar Bajpai ◽  
Shikhar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Water Container ◽  
Purification Methods ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Safe drinking water is the basic necessity for humans. Due to water borne diseases, most of the children get malnourished. The present study was conducted to know about knowledge and practices on drinking water hygiene and to find the association between knowledge and drinking water hygiene practices among caregivers of under 6 year children.Methods: It is a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the field practice area of a medical college in urban Lucknow. We included 250 respondents in our study. The data were analyzed using Institutional SPSS-24.0 (IBM Corp., Chicago, USA).Results: The present study showed that about 91.6 percent of study participants showed concern about safe drinking water hygiene. About 90.8 percent of study participants thought that water container needs cleaning and about 95.6 percent thought that water container needs covering. Surprisingly 65.6 percent of the participants did not use any type of water purification method. People thought that they should use drinking water purification methods, but in reality, much less percentage (34.4%) of people in the study uses any type of purification method (p<0.001).Conclusions: Although most of the participants showed their concern about safe drinking water hygiene, purification, etc., most of them still do not use any purification methods putting their children are at risk of many diseases.

scholarly journals Risk factors for transmission of foodborne illness in restaurants and street vendors in Jakarta, Indonesia

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. VOLLAARD ◽  
S. ALI ◽  
H. A. G. H. VAN ASTEN ◽  
I. SUHARIAH ISMID ◽  
S. WIDJAJA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Food ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Hygienic Measures

In a previous risk factor study in Jakarta we identified purchasing street food as an independent risk factor for paratyphoid. Eating from restaurants, however, was not associated with disease. To explain these findings we compared 128 street food-vendors with 74 food handlers from restaurants in a cross-sectional study in the same study area. Poor hand-washing hygiene and direct hand contact with foods, male sex and low educational level were independent characteristics of street vendors in a logistic regression analysis. Faecal contamination of drinking water (in 65% of samples), dishwater (in 91%) and ice cubes (in 100%) was frequent. Directly transmittable pathogens including S. typhi (n=1) and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (n=6) were isolated in faecal samples in 13 (7%) vendors; the groups did not differ, however, in contamination rates of drinking water and Salmonella isolation rates in stools. Poor hygiene of street vendors compared to restaurant vendors, in combination with faecal carriage of enteric pathogens including S. typhi, may help explain the association found between purchasing street food and foodborne illness, in particular Salmonella infections. Public health interventions to reduce transmission of foodborne illness should focus on general hygienic measures in street food trade, i.e. hand washing with soap, adequate food-handling hygiene, and frequent renewal of dishwater.

Conflict Avoidance in Old Age

GeroPsych ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Oberhauser ◽  
Andreas B. Neubauer ◽  
Eva-Marie Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Conflict Avoidance ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. Conflict avoidance increases across the adult lifespan. This cross-sectional study looks at conflict avoidance as part of a mechanism to regulate belongingness needs ( Sheldon, 2011 ). We assumed that older adults perceive more threats to their belongingness when they contemplate their future, and that they preventively react with avoidance coping. We set up a model predicting conflict avoidance that included perceptions of future nonbelonging, termed anticipated loneliness, and other predictors including sociodemographics, indicators of subjective well-being and perceived social support (N = 331, aged 40–87). Anticipated loneliness predicted conflict avoidance above all other predictors and partially mediated the age-association of conflict avoidance. Results suggest that belongingness regulation accounts may deepen our understanding of conflict avoidance in the second half of life.

scholarly journals Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Agune Ashole Alto ◽  
Wanzahun Godana ◽  
Genet Gedamu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gamo Gofa

Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. The data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi Info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out by using binary logistic regression. Significance was declared by using p value of <0.05 and AOR with 95% confidence intervals. Results. The response rate of this study was 93.3%. The overall diarrhea prevalence was 27.5% (CI = (24.06, 30.97)) which was 18.9% (CI = (14.94, 23.2)) in implemented and 36.2%. (CI = (30.41, 41.59)) in nonimplemented woredas. Children whose age was between 12 and 23 months (AOR = 1.6) and greater than 24 months (AOR = 5), availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 4), disposal of waste in open field (AOR = 9.7), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 6.5), using only water for handwashing (AOR = 6), children who started complementary feeding less than 6 months (AOR = 5.6) and greater than 6 months (AOR = 5.2), and utensils used to feed children such as bottle (AOR = 3.9) were the factors positively associated with diarrhea. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of under-five diarrhea was 27.5%. The prevalence was low in CLTSH woredas as compared with non-CLTSH woredas. The study showed that handwashing facility, using only water for handwashing, open refuse disposal, and unimproved source of drinking water among under-five had a statistically significant association with diarrhea occurrence in CLTSH nonimplemented areas. Integrated efforts are needed from the Ministry of Health together with the WASH Project in improving drinking water, handwashing facilities, and solid waste disposal practices.

scholarly journals Inequalities in access to safe drinking water in Peruvian households according to city size: an analysis from 2008 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Hernández-Vasquéz ◽  
Carlos Rojas-Roque ◽  
Denise Marques Sales ◽  
Marilina Santero ◽  
Guido Bendezu-Quispe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
City Size ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Latin American Region

Abstract Background Peru is one of the countries with the lowest percentage of population with access to safe drinking water in the Latin American region. This study aimed to describe and estimate, according to city size, socioeconomic inequalities in access to safe drinking water in Peruvian households from 2008 to 2018. Methods Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data using data from the 2008–2018 ENAHO survey. Access to safe drinking water, determined based on the presence of chlorinated water supplied by the public network, as well as socioeconomic variables were analyzed. A trend analysis from 2008 to 2018, and comparisons between 2008 versus 2018 were performed to understand and describe changes in access to safe drinking water, according to city size. Concentration curves and Erreygers concentration index (ECI) were estimated to measure inequalities in access to safe drinking water. Results In 2008, 47% of Peruvian households had access to safe drinking water, increasing to 52% by 2018 (p for trend < 0.001). For small cities, access to safe drinking water did not show changes between 2018 and 2008 (difference in proportions − 0.2 percentage points, p = 0.741); however, there was an increase in access to safe drinking water in medium (difference in proportions 3.3 percentage points, p < 0.001) and large cities (difference in proportions 12.8 percentage points, p < 0.001). The poorest households showed a decreasing trend in access to safe drinking water, while the wealthiest households showed an increasing trend. In small cities, socioeconomic inequalities showed an increase between 2008 and 2018 (ECI 0.045 and 0.140, p < 0.001), while in larger cities, socioeconomic inequality reduced in the same period (ECI: 0.087 and 0.018, p = 0.036). Conclusions We report a widening gap in the access to safe drinking water between the wealthiest and the poorest households over the study period. Progress in access to safe drinking water has not been equally distributed throughout the Peruvian population. Promoting and supporting effective implementation of policies and strategies to safe drinking water, including equity-oriented infrastructure development and resource allocation for most vulnerable settings, including emerging small cities, is a priority.

scholarly journals REXIC project: retrospective cross-sectional study of documentation of informed consent for research biobanking in a public research and teaching hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Nobile ◽  
Elena Garavelli ◽  
Barbara Gagliardi ◽  
Silvia Giovanelli ◽  
Paolo Rebulla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Single Standard ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Design And Methods

<em>Background</em>. The Center for Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Milan, Northern Italy, is the headquarter of the POLI-MI biobank. It co-ordinates the biobank activities of the Fondazione Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan. Such activities require specific safeguarding of donors’ rights and protection of sensitive and genetic data. The Fondazione Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico has set up a project on informed consent with the aim of developing awareness and understanding of this issue. Within this project, it has been decided to evaluate how consent for biobanking material is expressed. <em>Design and methods.</em> The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality and completeness of consent to biobanking in the POLI-MI biobank. This was a retrospective study carried out in 2012 on samples of consent declarations collected by biobank units in 2011. Some units used a single, standard consent model available from a previous POLI-MI biobank workgroup. Other units used models which had been previouly formulated. Evaluation was made using a form that indicated the essential elements of consent. <em>Results</em>. A total of 48 consent declarations were collected using the single, standard model and 84 were collected using other models. The consent declarations that used the single, standard model were found to be the most complete and were filled in better than other models. <em>Conclusions</em>. Progressive adoption of a simple, standard consent model is expected to improve the quality of consent acquisition. Regular audit of the compliance of consent practices with ethical and legal requirements is mandatory to improve the quality of research biobanking.

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