scholarly journals Epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of denture stomatitis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meisan Ali Bukhari ◽  
Mashael Abdullah Algahtani ◽  
Faisal Abdullah Alsuwailem ◽  
Rakan Mishaal Alogaiel ◽  
Safa Hejji Almubarak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunological Response ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Primary Parameter ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Candida Albicans Infection ◽  
Bacterial Plaque

Multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis, which increases the risk of tissue infection and inflammation. These factors include poor oral hygiene, trauma secondary to poorly fitting prostheses, resin porosity, and bacterial plaque accumulation. Our present review discusses the epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of denture stomatitis based on data from current studies in the literature. The prevalence of denture stomatitis is significantly variable among the different studies, as previously discussed. However, the cumulative incidence of denture stomatitis among their participants ranged between 17-77%. These hugely variable rates have been attributed to the nature of data collection, diagnostic criteria, sample size, and patient demographics. Studies also show that the condition is more prevalent among elderly females. However, not many studies have reported this correlation, indicating the need for future studies. Candida albicans infection is the primary parameter in the etiology and pathogenesis of the condition. However, other factors related to the patient (like status of immunological response) and dentures (like hygiene) were also reported. Therefore, the management of denture stomatitis should be based on applying adequate interventions. Besides, using antifungal medications is also necessary to eradicate organism.

Dermatophytes: role of host genetics in the development of illness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Immunological Response ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Infection Susceptibility ◽  
Dermatophyte Species ◽  
Dermatophyte Infection

Because dermatophytes and their hosts are so different, infection susceptibility is most likely the consequence of changes on both sides, as well as reciprocal adaptation. In addition, some studies have revealed a role for host genetics in the development of illness, including possible Mendelian inheritance patterns for dermatophytosis tendency. This paper emphasizes the complexity of the genetic link between dermatophytes and their natural and accidental hosts. According to a literature study, different ideas and methodologies may lead to different interpretations of this connection. Selecting an appropriate model for analysis and reasoning is a critical step in better understanding these disorders. A significant portion of the research is focused on the host's genetic and immunological response to dermatophyte infection. Future studies will require a broader exploration of the dermatophyte genome in combination with analysis of large phenotypically well-characterized populations of various dermatophyte species in order to identify the main factors mediating infection risk that can be targeted to disrupt host–pathogen interactions and used in therapies. As a result, both conceptually and practically, extensive study on the interactions between dermatophytes and their specific hosts, which comprise intricate molecular pathways, is critical. However, it is undeniable that genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in the susceptibility to dermatophyte infection.

Furlow Palatoplasty, Nasopharyngeal Size, and Sleep Oximetry

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 819-827
Author(s):  
Francis Gilbert ◽  
Jacques E. Leclerc ◽  
Marianne Deschênes ◽  
Anne-Sophie Julien ◽  
Iseult Grenier-Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: (1) To assess the evolution of prepalatoplasty sleep oximetry (PRESO) and postpalatoplasty sleep oximetry (POSSO) in cleft patients and (2) to evaluate the impact of the size of the nasopharynx on PRESO and POSSO values. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Patients and Methods: In 81 patients with cleft palate and/or cleft lip, the following data were prospectively collected: patient demographics and prepalatoplasty cleft palate measurements. All the patients had at least 1 PRESO and POSSO. A Kaplan-Meier curve was obtained from all the sleep oximetry results. Transverse nasopharyngeal area (TNA) pre- and postvalues were compared for each group with paired t tests, while analysis of variance was used to compare TNA pre- and postscores between the groups with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results: POSSO results were normal or showed mild desaturations in most patients in the few weeks following palatoplasty. For the cohort, no statistically significant changes were found between PRESO and POSSO values. A 2-fold variation in the area of the TNA was found before palatoplasty within identical cleft malformation cases. No statistically significant association was found between the TNA or the a/30 − b 1 parameter values and the sleep study scores. Conclusions: The patients with the smaller nasopharyngeal areas presented identical PRESO and POSSO results when compared to those with larger nasopharyngeal sizes. Future studies should address the possible association between prepalatoplasty and postpalatoplasty TNAs and the occurrence of velopharyngeal deficiency later in life.

Testing Routine Activity theory in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Vilalta ◽  
Gustavo Fondevila
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Residential Burglary ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Burglary Risk

Abstract Using a comprehensive victimization survey data set, we develop the first test of routine activity (RA) theory in a Latin American country. Estimating a complementary log–log multilevel model of the theory in several stages, we investigate what factors in the theory predict residential burglary risk. We find that measures associated with the exposure to potential offenders, target attractiveness, target accessibility, personal guardianship, social guardianship, and natural guardianship predict residential burglary in our sample of Mexican cities. As such, residential burglary is a complex crime with multiple factors at play, for which RA theory is a suitable theory given the conciseness of its propositions and operational definitions. We foresee RA theory successfully influencing future studies of crime in the Latin American region.

scholarly journals The effect of denture cleansing solution (H2O2) on the water solubility of self-cured acrylic resin

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Irsan Ibrahim ◽  
Prima Luthfia ◽  
Widuri Julia Aryani
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
Average Water ◽  
H2o2 Solution ◽  
Bacterial Plaque

Introduction: Denture cleanser must be able to remove bacterial plaque layers, eliminate food debris, with non-toxic properties. Denture cleansing was performed by immersing the denture into a solution of H2O2. Continuous denture wear can lead to plaque accumulation of Candida albicans colonies thus causes denture stomatitis. There was a slight dimensional stability difference of the self-cured acrylic base compared to the heat-cured after immersion in water. This study was aimed to analyse the effect of denture cleansing solution (H2O2) on the water solubility of self-cured acrylic resin. Methods: Twenty-four specimens of self-cured acrylic resin sized 15 x 20 x 2 mm, were divided into the control group (n = 12) and the treatment group (n = 12). All specimens were then immersed in the aquadest (control group) and H202(treatment group) for 6, 8, and 10 hours consecutively. Result: The average water solubility of self-cured acrylic resin soaked in H2O2 solution at 6 hours was 0.0007 µg/mm3; at 8 hours was 0.0011 µg/mm3; and at 10 hours was 0.0013 µg/mm3. The average water solubility of self-cured acrylic resin soaked in aquadest solution at 6 hours was 0.0013 µg/mm3; at 8 hours was 0.0080 µg/mm3; and at 10 hours was 0.0125 µg/mm3. Conclusion: The water solubility of the self-cured acrylic resin immersed in the H2O2 solution for 6, 8, and 10 hours was still below the ISO standard.Keywords: Self-cured acrylic resin, H2O2, immersion time, water solubility.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding Contributes to Physiological Immune Programming in the Newborn

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Camacho-Morales ◽  
Mario Caba ◽  
Martín García-Juárez ◽  
Mario Daniel Caba-Flores ◽  
Rubí Viveros-Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Immune Programming

The first 1,000 days in the life of a human being are a vulnerable stage where early stimuli may program adverse health outcomes in future life. Proper maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy modulates the development of the fetus, a physiological process known as fetal programming. Defective programming promotes non-communicable chronic diseases in the newborn which might be prevented by postnatal interventions such as breastfeeding. Breast milk provides distinct bioactive molecules that contribute to immune maturation, organ development, and healthy microbial gut colonization, and also secures a proper immunological response that protects against infection and inflammation in the newborn. The gut microbiome provides the most critical immune microbial stimulation in the newborn in early life, allowing a well-trained immune system and efficient metabolic settings in healthy subjects. Conversely, negative fetal programming by exposing mothers to diets rich in fat and sugar has profound effects on breast milk composition and alters the immune profiles in the newborn. At this new stage, newborns become vulnerable to immune compromise, favoring susceptibility to defective microbial gut colonization and immune response. This review will focus on the importance of breastfeeding and its immunological biocomponents that allow physiological immune programming in the newborn. We will highlight the importance of immunological settings by breastfeeding, allowing proper microbial gut colonization in the newborn as a window of opportunity to secure effective immunological response.

scholarly journals MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF DENTURE STOMATITIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Shawna Rekshmy D’dharan ◽  
Dhanraj Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Immunocompromised Patient ◽  
Inflammatory Lesion ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
First Line ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
Candida Albicans Infection ◽  
Palatal Mucosa

ABSTRACTDenture stomatitis is a chronic inflammatory lesion which is commonly associated with Candida albicans infection. It is frequently seen in completedenture patients and clinically presented as erythema and inflammation on the palatal mucosa. This review covers the different medical managementof denture stomatitis. The first line of treatment is by topical antifungal agents, which are available as suspension, gels, lozenges, pastilles, etc. Inpatient where topical treatment was unsuccessful and in immunocompromised patient, systemic antifungal agents are prescribed. Recent studieshave shown the effectiveness of natural products such as propolis, green tea extracts, and various essential oils in the treatment of denture stomatitis,to decrease colony count and reduce erythema of palatal mucosa.Keywords: Denture stomatitis, Antifungal drugs, Propolis, Green tea, Essential oils.

Preventive Therapy for Periodontal Diseases

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.W. Johnson ◽  
M.A. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Intercurrent Disease ◽  
Plaque Control ◽  
Bacterial Plaque

Rational approaches to the prevention of destructive periodontitis should be based on a clear understanding of etiology and pathogenesis. However, we are dealing with a heterogeneous family of diseases in which different factors operate. It is an oversimplification to regard poor oral hygiene, and hence an accumulation of non-specific dental bacterial plaque, as the major risk factor. Epidemiological evidence indicates that host factors are likely to be of overriding importance for the most severe forms. The limitations of non-specific plaque control are therefore discussed. Specific inhibitors of virulence factors provide a logical approach, but their clinical application awaits improved knowledge. Improvement of general health and resistance to disease by proper nutrition, the avoidance of intercurrent disease, and elimination of smoking and stress-induced risk are encouraged. The genetic basis of susceptibility to periodontitis is increasingly understood, and, while gene therapy is not likely to be a practicable approach to prevention, genetic markers of risk are emerging.

scholarly journals UROLITHIASIS INCIDENCE IN PATIENTS WITH DENTAL PLAQUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-87
Author(s):  
Vlad Alin Pantea ◽  
◽  
Larisa Renata Pantea-Roșan ◽  
Teodor Maghiar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Bacterial Plaque

Introduction. Kidney stones are more and more common among the population, and multiple physico-chemical elements, as well as numerous risk factors, lead to its occurrence. Dental plaque is found especially in patients with poor oral hygiene or a genetic predisposition and consists in the mineralization of bacterial plaque on the surface of the teeth or prosthetic works. Material and method. The study enrolled 107 hospitalized patients who presented reno-urinary stones and / or dental plaque. Results. Increased incidence of urolithiasis in terms of average age in women, while the incidence is higher in male patients over 60 years. Patients who also associated dental plaque showed an increase in the incidence of reno-urinary stones compared to those without tooth dental plaque, and women who had dental plaque showed a predisposition to urolithiasis compared to people without dental plaque. Conclusions. There is a close link between the appearance of dental plaque and renolithiasis, many factors contributing equally to their detection, and people with dental plaque are more prone to the appearance of renolithiasis compared to those who do not have the disease.

scholarly journals Deep Learning–Based COVID-19 Pneumonia Classification Using Chest CT Images: Model Generalizability

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Nguyen ◽  
Fernando Kay ◽  
Jun Tan ◽  
Yulong Yan ◽  
Yee Seng Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Single Dataset ◽  
Random Guess

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, worldwide research efforts have focused on using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on various medical data of COVID-19–positive patients in order to identify or classify various aspects of the disease, with promising reported results. However, concerns have been raised over their generalizability, given the heterogeneous factors in training datasets. This study aims to examine the severity of this problem by evaluating deep learning (DL) classification models trained to identify COVID-19–positive patients on 3D computed tomography (CT) datasets from different countries. We collected one dataset at UT Southwestern (UTSW) and three external datasets from different countries: CC-CCII Dataset (China), COVID-CTset (Iran), and MosMedData (Russia). We divided the data into two classes: COVID-19–positive and COVID-19–negative patients. We trained nine identical DL-based classification models by using combinations of datasets with a 72% train, 8% validation, and 20% test data split. The models trained on a single dataset achieved accuracy/area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.87/0.826 (UTSW), 0.97/0.988 (CC-CCCI), and 0.86/0.873 (COVID-CTset) when evaluated on their own dataset. The models trained on multiple datasets and evaluated on a test set from one of the datasets used for training performed better. However, the performance dropped close to an AUC of 0.5 (random guess) for all models when evaluated on a different dataset outside of its training datasets. Including MosMedData, which only contained positive labels, into the training datasets did not necessarily help the performance of other datasets. Multiple factors likely contributed to these results, such as patient demographics and differences in image acquisition or reconstruction, causing a data shift among different study cohorts.

scholarly journals Effects of proton pump inhibitor use on the esophageal microbial community

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Tasnim ◽  
Aaron L. Miller ◽  
Daniel C. Jupiter ◽  
Catherine F. Hamilton ◽  
Gabriel L. Reep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Esophageal Disease ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Esophageal Ph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Entire Array

Abstract Background Changes in the esophageal microbiome correlate with esophageal disease, but the effects of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs are incompletely characterized. Our objective was to identify the effects of PPI use on the microbial community of the esophagus. Methods Mucosal biopsies of the distal esophagus were analyzed using a customized esophageal microbiome qPCR panel array (EMB). Patient demographics, use of PPIs, duration of use and dose were recorded. Results Fifty-eight patients were included. Mean age was 60.5 years. Ninety percent (52/58) of patients were on PPIs. Mean dose was 42.7 mg. Mean duration of use was 2.5 years. The use of PPIs led to a significant difference in absolute levels of only one organism, Actinomyces, in the entire array (p < 0.01). Among patients who used proton pump inhibitors, there was no significant association between dose and absolute levels of any organism. Similarly, there was no association between duration of use and absolute levels of any organism. Conclusions PPI use does not seem to cause significant changes in the distal esophageal microbial community. Future studies with larger sample sizes and esophageal pH testing should be performed to determine the level of acidity and its relationship to the microbial community.

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