scholarly journals MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF DENTURE STOMATITIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Shawna Rekshmy D’dharan ◽  
Dhanraj Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Immunocompromised Patient ◽  
Inflammatory Lesion ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
First Line ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
Candida Albicans Infection ◽  
Palatal Mucosa

ABSTRACTDenture stomatitis is a chronic inflammatory lesion which is commonly associated with Candida albicans infection. It is frequently seen in completedenture patients and clinically presented as erythema and inflammation on the palatal mucosa. This review covers the different medical managementof denture stomatitis. The first line of treatment is by topical antifungal agents, which are available as suspension, gels, lozenges, pastilles, etc. Inpatient where topical treatment was unsuccessful and in immunocompromised patient, systemic antifungal agents are prescribed. Recent studieshave shown the effectiveness of natural products such as propolis, green tea extracts, and various essential oils in the treatment of denture stomatitis,to decrease colony count and reduce erythema of palatal mucosa.Keywords: Denture stomatitis, Antifungal drugs, Propolis, Green tea, Essential oils.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF SELECTED PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS FOR THEIR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CANDIDA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM DENTURE STOMATITIS PATIENTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 046-051
Author(s):  
Vinaya Bhat ◽  
S.M. Sharma ◽  
Veena Shetty ◽  
C.S. Shastry ◽  
Vaman Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Denture Stomatitis

Abstract: Background: Many efforts have been made to discover new antimicrobial compounds from various sources such as micro-organisms, animals and plants. Use of herbal medicines has a long history in Asian population in treating different ailments. Many plants have been found to have properties like antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities.In a complete denture wearer, due to either local or systemic factors, denture stomatitis has been found to a have high prevalence. In such patients, higher incidence of Candida infection and increased levels of Candida spp. also have been identified. Existing antifungal agents like Nystatin & Fluconazole have been found to have toxic effects on long term application and chances of development of drug resistance is high. Medicinal plants have been used to inhibit growth and development of fungal infection from Candida isolated from sites other than oral cavity. Objectives: To evaluate the antifungal activity of some of the medicinal essential oils against oral isolates of Candida obtained from denture wearing patients identified through a survey. Materials and Methods: The oral isolates of Candida species were collected after conducting a survey of complete denture wearers, wearing the denture for at least more than a year. The speciation of the organism was done after identifying it from the specimens. It was confirmed with the help of germ tube test, other biochemical tests and chlamydospore formation tests. A lab isolate also was included in the study. The essential oils of different herbs were extracted using hydro distillation methods. The antifungal activity of these oils was tested and compared with antifungal activity of Nystatin and fluconazole using modified Kirby-Baeur method. The inhibition zones of different oils were measured and compared among themselves against all the clinical isolates and the lab isolate. Results: About 55 complete denture wearing patients have been surveyed and among them 27 have been found to be positive for Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Among the Candida species, Candida albicans was more prevalent followed by C. tropicalis and C. glabrata.Among the test essential oils, Origanum vulgare (stored & fresh) and clove oil gave positive results against all isolates. The fresh samples gave better results than the stored and all three oils showed more antifungal activity than Nystatin & fluconazole. Interpretation: The candida-associated denture stomatitis is prevalent in patients who are wearing denture prosthesis for more than a year.Candida albicans is the most prevalent causative species followed by C. tropicalis and C. glabrata.Origanum vulgare and clove oil are potent antifungal agents against oral species of Candida. They can be either used separately or their synergistic activity could be explored against denture stomatitis.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of essential oils of Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis against three Candida albicans strains

2013 ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafina Delic ◽  
Jelica Skrobonja ◽  
Maja Karaman ◽  
Milan Matavulj ◽  
Mirjana Bogavac
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Rosemary Essential Oil

Due to general growing resistance and side effects to common antifungal drugs nowadays, there have been many studies reported on the use of herbal essential oils as antifungal agents in recent years. In this study, essential oils of Origanum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) were examined for their in vitro antifungal activity against three Candida albicans strains (laboratory - CAL, human pulmonary - CAH, and reference ATCC10231-CAR) in comparison to Nystatin (0.30 mg/ml) and Fluconazole (2 mg/ml) as standard antifungal agents. The antifungal activity was evaluated by comparing inhibition zone diameters obtained both by disc-and well-diffusion assays, as well as by comparing MIC and MBC values detected by microdilution assay. Diffusion test results revealed stronger antifungal effect of O. vulgare against all analyzed C. albicans strains identifying CAL strain as the most susceptible one. Inhibition zones ranged from 12.65 to 25.10 mm depending on the concentrations applied. The highest concentrations of Rosemary essential oil (5.00 mg/ml) demonstrated activity against two strains: CAL and CAR ATCC 10231 in both diffusion assays applied, while no antifungal activity was recorded against CAH isolate. Microdilution assay showed that both oils demonstrated the same MIC values for all tested strains (0.11 mg/ml), except MIC value against ATCC strain (0.23 mg/ml) obtained for Rosemary essential oil. The obtained results indicated that oregano and rosemary essential oils might be highly effective in the natural prevention treatment of candidiasis, although toxicity assays should be previously preformed.

Potential of Nanoparticles in Combating Candida Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizan Abul Qais ◽  
Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan ◽  
Iqbal Ahmad ◽  
Abdullah Safar Althubiani
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Made In

Aims: The aim of this review is to survey the recent progress made in developing the nanoparticles as antifungal agents especially the nano-based formulations being exploited for the management of Candida infections. Discussion: In the last few decades, there has been many-fold increase in fungal infections including candidiasis due to the increased number of immunocompromised patients worldwide. The efficacy of available antifungal drugs is limited due to its associated toxicity and drug resistance in clinical strains. The recent advancements in nanobiotechnology have opened a new hope for the development of novel formulations with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improved drug delivery and low toxicity. Conclusion: Metal nanoparticles have shown to possess promising in vitro antifungal activities and could be effectively used for enhanced and targeted delivery of conventionally used drugs. The synergistic interaction between nanoparticles and various antifungal agents have also been reported with enhanced antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Spectrum and theIn VitroAntifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Yeast Isolates in Ethiopian HIV Patients with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birhan Moges ◽  
Adane Bitew ◽  
Aster Shewaamare
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Background.In Ethiopia, little is known regarding the distribution and thein vitroantifungal susceptibility profile of yeasts.Objective.This study was undertaken to determine the spectrum and thein vitroantifungal susceptibility pattern of yeasts isolated from HIV infected patients with OPC.Method.Oral pharyngeal swabs taken from oral lesions of study subjects were inoculated onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. Yeasts were identified by employing conventional test procedures and the susceptibility of yeasts to antifungal agents was evaluated by disk diffusion assay method.Result.One hundred and fifty-five yeast isolates were recovered of which 91 isolates were from patients that were not under HAART and 64 were from patients that were under HAART.C. albicanswas the most frequently isolated species followed byC. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. kefyr, Cryptococcus laurentii, and Rhodotorulaspecies. Irrespective of yeasts isolated and identified, 5.8%, 5.8%, 12.3%, 8.4%, 0.6%, and 1.3% of the isolates were resistant to amphotericin B, clotrimazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and nystatin, respectively.Conclusion.Yeast colonization rate of 69.2% and 31% resistance to six antifungal agents was documented. These highlight the need for nationwide study on the epidemiology of OPC and resistance to antifungal drugs.

scholarly journals CaNdt80 Is Involved in Drug Resistance in Candida albicans by Regulating CDR1

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 4505-4512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Geun Chen ◽  
Yun-Liang Yang ◽  
Hsin-I Shih ◽  
Chia-Li Su ◽  
Hsiu-Jung Lo
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Galactosidase Activity ◽  
Wild Type

ABSTRACT Overexpression of CDR1, an efflux pump, is one of the major mechanisms contributing to drug resistance in Candida albicans. CDR1 p-lacZ was constructed and transformed into a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain so that the lacZ gene could be used as the reporter to monitor the activity of the CDR1 promoter. Overexpression of CaNDT80, the C. albicans homolog of S. cerevisiae NDT80, increases the β-galactosidase activity of the CDR1 p-lacZ construct in S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, mutations in CaNDT80 abolish the induction of CDR1 expression by antifungal agents in C. albicans. Consistently, the Candt80/Candt80 mutant is also more susceptible to antifungal drugs than the wild-type strain. Thus, the gene for CaNdt80 may be the first gene among the regulatory factors involved in drug resistance in C. albicans whose function has been identified.

Essential oils as alternative promising anti-Candidal agents: progress and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awad Shala ◽  
Shweta Singh ◽  
Saif Hameed ◽  
.M.P. Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic

: Candida albicans is one of the main agents responsible for opportunistic pathogenic infections. The progressive emergence of fungal resistance to conventional antibiotics and its side effects as well as treatment costs are considered as major limitations for antifungal drugs. It has drawn scientists' attention to search for potential substitution and therapeutic reliable alternatives for the antifungal compounds from sources like medicinal plants, which contain numerous bioactive compounds such as essential oils. Essential oils (EO) apart from having lower toxicity and better biodegradability are eco-friendly in nature as compared with conventional antibiotics. Furthermore, extracted essential oils have been reported to possess potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that nominate them as natural promising candidates to combat numerous fungal ailments. Thus, determination of antifungal efficacy of essential oil-bearing plants on Candida spp. will provide miscellaneous knowledge for future clinical studies that are required for development of new formulations as alternative therapeutic agents to control the growth of Candida species. Therefore, this review summarizes the gist of major essential oils that have been investigated for their anti- Candida potential with some recommendations for further study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of semisolid agar method for antifungal susceptibility test of T. rubrum

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Sultana Razia ◽  
Shahida Anwar ◽  
Md. Ruhul Amin Miah ◽  
Najmun Nahar ◽  
Ripon Barua
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Test ◽  
Mic Value

<p><strong>Background:</strong> With increasing fungal disease many newer antifungal drugs are available with different spectrum of activ­ity. Antifungal susceptibility test will help clinicians for selection of effective drug and thereby treatment of patient.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> The study was undertaken to perform a simple screening drug susceptibility test of T. rnbrum by Semi Solid Agar Antifungal Susceptibility (SAAS) <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Perfonnance of susceptibility method was assessed by comparing the MICs of three commonly prescribed antifungal agents namely- tluconazole (FCZ), itraconazole (ITZ) and terbinafine (TER) to the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute) recommended M-38, a broth microdilution method. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In SAAS method, among twenty nine T. rubrum, twenty five (86.2%) were susceptible (MIC range 0.5-64 µg/ml) to Fluconazole (FCZ) and four (13.7%) were resistant (MIC value &gt;64 µg/ml). In broth microdilution method, among twenty nine T. rubrum, twenty six (89.6%) were susceptible (MIC range 0.3-64 µg/ml) to FCZ and three (10.3%) were resistant (MIC value &gt;64 µg/ml). In case of both ITZ and TER, all were susceptible (MIC range 0.3-64 µg/ml) to both methods. The SAAS method demonstrated the susceptibility pattern of T. rubrum against FCZ, ITZ and TER usually within 72 to 96 hours after organism isolation and results were concordance with the results of CLSI broth microdilution method. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Though it is a newer method with proper standardization of the test method, SAAS method is simple and easily applicable screening method for susceptibility testing of antifungal agents against dermatophytes in any microbiology laboratories.</p>

Antifungal activity of essential oils against azole-resistant and azole-susceptible vaginal Candida glabrata strains

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 647-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Massa ◽  
S. Cantamessa ◽  
G. Novello ◽  
E. Ranzato ◽  
S. Martinotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Different Strains

Candida glabrata is an opportunistic pathogen, associated with endocarditis, meningitis, and disseminated disease, and also with complicated vaginitis. Essential oils derived from aromatic plants are known in traditional medicine as antimicrobial agents and have antifungal properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether 12 tested essential oils (tea tree, laurel, anise, basil, bergamot, lavender, mint, oregano, grapefruit, rosemary, winter savory, and ginger) could have a transverse effect on C. glabrata sensitive strains but above all on strains resistant to the three main azole antifungals used (clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole). For this reason, different strains of C. glabrata, vaginal isolated, were characterized (disk diffusion assay, minimal inhibitory concentration) with respect to their response to such antifungals. Electron microscopy analyses were performed to examine cellular damages in depth. Subsequently, we wanted to evaluate the effect of the oils on human cells to estimate their potential cytotoxicity. Oregano and winter savory were the two most effective essential oils, inducing growth inhibition, cell damage of C. glabrata strains (both sensitive and resistant to azole antifungal drugs), and medium–high level of toxicity against human keratinocytes. The results of this work support the research for new alternatives or complementary therapies against vaginal candidiasis.

scholarly journals Acylhydrazones as Antifungal Agents Targeting the Synthesis of Fungal Sphingolipids

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Lazzarini ◽  
Krupanandan Haranahalli ◽  
Robert Rieger ◽  
Hari Krishna Ananthula ◽  
Pankaj B. Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Pass Through

ABSTRACTThe incidence of invasive fungal infections has risen dramatically in recent decades. Current antifungal drugs are either toxic, likely to interact with other drugs, have a narrow spectrum of activity, or induce fungal resistance. Hence, there is a great need for new antifungals, possibly with novel mechanisms of action. Previously our group reported an acylhydrazone called BHBM that targeted the sphingolipid pathway and showed strong antifungal activity against several fungi. In this study, we screened 19 derivatives of BHBM. Three out of 19 derivatives were highly active againstCryptococcus neoformansin vitroand had low toxicity in mammalian cells. In particular, one of them, called D13, had a high selectivity index and showed better activity in an animal model of cryptococcosis, candidiasis, and pulmonary aspergillosis. D13 also displayed suitable pharmacokinetic properties and was able to pass through the blood-brain barrier. These results suggest that acylhydrazones are promising molecules for the research and development of new antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Plant-Derived Substances in the Fight Against Infections Caused by Candida Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6131
Author(s):  
Ibeth Guevara-Lora ◽  
Grazyna Bras ◽  
Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta ◽  
Miriam González-González ◽  
Kinga Ceballos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces

Yeast-like fungi from the Candida genus are predominantly harmless commensals that colonize human skin and mucosal surfaces, but under conditions of impaired host immune system change into dangerous pathogens. The pathogenicity of these fungi is typically accompanied by increased adhesion and formation of complex biofilms, making candidal infections challenging to treat. Although a variety of antifungal drugs have been developed that preferably attack the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane, these pathogens have acquired novel defense mechanisms that make them resistant to standard treatment. This causes an increase in the incidence of candidiasis and enforces the urgent need for an intensified search for new specifics that could be helpful, alone or synergistically with traditional drugs, for controlling Candida pathogenicity. Currently, numerous reports have indicated the effectiveness of plant metabolites as potent antifungal agents. These substances have been shown to inhibit growth and to alter the virulence of different Candida species in both the planktonic and hyphal form and during the biofilm formation. This review focuses on the most recent findings that provide evidence of decreasing candidal pathogenicity by different substances of plant origin, with a special emphasis on the mechanisms of their action. This is a particularly important issue in the light of the currently increasing frequency of emerging Candida strains and species resistant to standard antifungal treatment.

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