A clinicopathological study and management of tumor and tumor like lesions of larynx

Background: The aim of the study was to (a) determine the incidence and distribution of cases according to age, sex, etiology etc; (b) to know common etiology for the different diseases; (c) to understand pathophysiology of the disease; (d) to know various presentations of the disease; (e) to determine various diagnostic tools; and (f) to know modalities of treatment available.Methods: Prospective observational study, method of sampling: non-random, purposive. department of ENT, Government medical college and tertiary care centre. Fifty-one patients with benign and malignant lesion of larynx were analysed. Only cases with persistent hoarseness for more than three weeks were selected. Benign lesions included neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. All cases underwent a thorough ENT examination. Once suspected the cases were examined under direct laryngoscope, fibreoptic laryngoscope and if needed microlaryngeal examination was also done. Results: The study showed 86.6% benign lesions and 41.1% malignant lesions of larynx with male preponderance. It was observed that vocal polyp was the commonest benign non-neoplastic lesion and papilloma was the commonest neoplastic lesion. Squamous cell carcinoma accounted predominantly in malignant lesions and was commonly found in glottis.Conclusions: Thus, this study reflects there is an urge to raise awareness and educate people regarding detrimental effects of vocal abuse, alcohol and tobacco consumption, preventive measures, early symptoms and availability of diagnostic tools, so that early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can be executed to reduce the morbidity and mortality.

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CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF PAPILLARY CARCINOMA THYROID IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE- THREE YEAR STUDY.

10.36106/gjra/1902686 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Priyadharshini M ◽

Sakunthala P ◽

Ashok Kumar S

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Papillary Carcinoma ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Malignant Lesion ◽

Nodal Metastasis ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Elderly Male ◽

Medical College ◽

Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid ◽

Madras Medical College

INTRODUCTION: Papillary carcinoma thyroid (PTC) is the predominant form of thyroid cancer in both adults and children [1]. The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing [2]. Incidence of PTC is 3 times more common in female than male, but this disparity decreases with increasing patient age [1]. AIM: To analyse the clinicopathological profile of PTC in Madras Medical College located in Chennai, TamilNadu, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on age, sex, size, histological subtype, centricity of the tumor, nodal metastasis, extra thyroidal extension and associated non malignant condition of all cases of PTC diagnosed in Madras Medical College, Chennai from January 2016 to December 2018 were obtained clinicopathological documents. Histopathological slides were analysed and Immunohistochemistry was done to differentiate PTC from other non malignant lesion. The cases were divided into four catagories based on age and sex. RESULT: Totally 189 thyroid malignancies were reported of which 161 were PTC (85%). Female: male ratio was 3.5: 1. This disparity decreases after 50 years of age. In males above 50years of age had nodal metastasis (47%) and extra thyroidal extension (47%) which was high when compared with other groups. Extrathyroidal extension (50%) was found to be more frequent in cases with tumor size more than >4cm. CONCLUSION: Papillary thyroid carcinoma was common in female. Extra thyroidal extension (P =0.014996), nodal metastasis (P =0.030258) was most common in elderly male (> 50 years).

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Cytologic and colposcopic evaluation of all symptomatic women at tertiary care centre

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20172275 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 799

Author(s):

Richa Garg ◽

Ranjana Desai

Keyword(s):

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Invasive Carcinoma ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Centre ◽

Carcinoma Cervix ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Medical College ◽

Carcinoma Of Cervix ◽

Malignant Lesions

Background: Cervical cancer in India ranks as the 2nd most frequent cancer among women and the 2nd most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age. Invasive carcinoma of cervix is preventable as it is associated with pre-invasive stage which occurs 10-15 years prior to it, thus permitting early detection by screening and leading to effective treatment and thereby reducing mortality rate with greater impact on lives saved. Objectives were to correlate the findings of Pap smear with colposcopy in evaluation of all symptomatic women; and to assess the utility of colposcopy in detecting the premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix.Methods: This was a prospective observational study of 200 symptomatic women attending the Gynecology OPD of Umaid Hospital Dr. S. N. Medical College Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India from February 2015 to October 2016. Evaluation of all symptomatic women done with Pap smear, colposcopy and biopsy in selected cases and findings were noted.Results: Commonest complaint was white discharge per vaginum in 58.5% followed by pelvic pain in 24% women. 8% women had abnormal pap smear findings with 4% of women had ASCUS, 0.5% had ASC-H, 3% had LSIL and 0.5% had HSIL,73% had inflammatory and 19% with normal smear. 38.5% had abnormal colposcopy with maximum 28% women had acetowhite lesions. Sensitivity of pap smear was 44.44% while sensitivity of colposcopy was 88.88%.Conclusions: Pap smear had poor sensitivity as compared to colposcopy. Hence simultaneous use of colposcopy has shown to increase in the rate of carcinoma cervix detection in symptomatic women.

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Benign neck swellings: a clinico-radio-pathological study

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20190445 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 285

Author(s):

Ayshath Irfana ◽

Sheetal Rai ◽

K. S. Gangadhara Somayaji

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Malignant Lesion ◽

Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Neck Swelling ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Solitary Thyroid Nodule ◽

Prospective Sampling ◽

The Common ◽

Benign Thyroid

Background: The present study aimed to know the common pathologies presenting as neck swellings in our region and their clinical, radiological, and cytopathological correlation in order to understand the nature of the lesion and accuracy of the diagnostic tools in finding a definitive diagnosis.Methods: Patients presenting with neck swelling to the ENT department of a tertiary care centre in Mangalore between June 2013 to July 2018 were included in the study based on retrospective and prospective sampling. Appropriate cytolopathological and radiological investigations were done and analyzed. Results: Out of 160 cases analyzed histopathology diagnosed 86.9% as benign and 13.1% as malignant. Radiologically 94.9% were diagnosed to be benign and 5.6% malignant whereas in cytological investigation 89.4% were diagnosed as benign and 6.9% as malignant while the remaining 3.8% cases were cytologically inconclusive. Intra operatively 6.9% cases had features of malignancy and rest 93% were benign. Thyroid was the most common benign neck swelling (73.2%) followed by cervical lymphadenopathy (6.9%) and thyroglossal cyst (5.6%).Conclusions: Discrepancy in clinico-radio-cytopathological correlation was highest in cases of thyroid swelling (more so in case of solitary thyroid nodule). None of the pre-operative investigations for neck swellings is 100% specific or definitive in diagnosing a benign from a malignant lesion in the neck.

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Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in a tertiary care centre: one-year prospective study

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20203577 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 1704

Author(s):

Smruti Milan Tripathy ◽

Poonji Gupta ◽

Akshay Jain ◽

Probal Chatterji

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Early Stage ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Research Centre ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Medical College ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Malignant Lesions ◽

One Year

Background: Lesions of the oral cavity are very common among the general population and account for a significant number of patients in the outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology. The lesions of oral cavity can cause varied symptoms like pain, dysphagia, and difficulty in speaking. The lesions can range from simple benign conditions to life threatening malignancies.Methods: This study was conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre from January 2019 till December 2019. All the 256 patients who presented to the outpatient department with lesions in the oral cavity during the given time period were included in the study after getting informed and written consent. Results: Aphthous ulcers were the most common lesion (18.7%) found in this study. Buccal mucosa (50%) and anterior 2/3rd of tongue (34.3%) were the most common sites involved. Total of 204/256 (79.6%) patient had some form of addiction which included both smoked and smokeless form of tobacco as the most common type of addiction. Among the tobacco smokers, 24/80 (30%) had pre malignant and malignant lesions while among tobacco chewers 37/76 (48.6%) had pre malignant and malignant lesions.Conclusions: Lesions of the oral cavity are common among Indian population due to high prevalence of tobacco addiction. A thorough history taking and examination can detect premalignant and malignant lesions at an early stage, so that timely treatment can reduce the mortality rates in such patients.

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HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF LESIONS OF CERVIX IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

10.36106/ijsr/9234987 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Sujeeva Swapna R ◽

Siva Sankar Naik V ◽

Neeraja M ◽

Bhavani C ◽

Jhansi Rani C

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Large Scale ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Easy Access ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Medical College ◽

Neoplastic Lesion ◽

Histological Variants

INTRODUCTION: Majority of the specimens which reach the histopathology laboratory are from gynecology department. The accessibility of the cervix to direct examination makes it the object of intensive and large scale study. Various inflammatory as well as infectious lesions are common in uterine cervix due to vulnerability to sexual trauma and being an easy access to various infections. Cervical cancer is one of the most frequently seen cancer in women in India. AIM: The present study is aimed to find out the most common types of the cervical lesions, incidence and histological variants of malignancies in women so as to understand the distribution of various diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study done in Government Medical College , Ananthapuram , a Tertiary Care Centre, for a period of 2 years, from January 2017 to December 2018. RESULTS: A total of 448 cases were retrieved from histopathology department and evaluated. The age group of the patients was between 20-80years. There was about 388 (86.6%) cases were non –neoplastic and 60 (13.39%) cases were neoplastic. CONCLUSION: The most common of non neoplastic lesions was chronic non-specific cervicitis. Most common neoplastic lesion was squamous cell carcinoma.

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Cytology of Paediatric lesions: a tertiary care centre experience during COVID-19

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20211351 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1060

Author(s):

Padmapriya Balakrishnan ◽

Bhatta Midhuna ◽

Pujari Lahari ◽

Jampa Nandini ◽

Prasad Uma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Fine Needle Aspiration ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽

Benign Lesions ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Fine Needle ◽

Malignant Lesions

Background: Paediatric lesions are worrisome and need immediate attention with early diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is safe, cost effective, minimally invasive method which helps in diagnosis and guides for treatment of various paediatric lesions.Methods: This was an observational study done during the pandemic of COVID-19 at department of pathology in Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam from March 2020 to October 2020 .The total number of cases were 91 who underwent fine needle aspiration (FNA) during this period. USG guided aspiration and fluids are also included in the study. Slides were fixed in 95% isopropyl alcohol and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. May Grunwald Giemsa stain, CBNAAT for acid fast bacilli and correlation with histopathology was done wherever required and results were tabulated.Results: In the present study the lesions were more common in female children (68.13%) and in the age group of 11-15 years (35.16%).Benign lesions (80.91%) were more common than malignant lesions. Majority of benign lesions were reactive lymphadenitis (32.5%) followed by tuberculous lymphadenitis (23.75%). The common malignant lesions were lymphoblastic and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST), Langerhans cell Histiocytosis and Ewing’s sarcoma.Conclusions: Extra pulmonary tuberculosis in children is highly variable in severity and rate of progression with long term sequelae. The spectrum of malignancies in children is variable and region based. FNAC helped in early diagnosis and management of these cases.

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A prospective observational study on the effectiveness of risk of malignancy index score (RMI 3) in a tertiary care centre in Eastern India

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v11i5.29548 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 54-60

Author(s):

Apurba Mandal ◽

Shibram Chattopadhyay ◽

Sushanta Mondal ◽

Arunava Biswas

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Adnexal Mass ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Ca 125 ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽

Risk Of Malignancy ◽

Malignant Lesions

Background: Adnexal mass is a common presentation in today’s gynecological practice. The incidence of ovarian cancer is increasing day by day and diagnosis is often difficult to be made pre operatively with inadequate surgical exploration is a regular occurrence. Aims and Objectives: To assess and validate the importance of RMI-3 score as pre-operative diagnostic tool of differentiating benign from malignant adnexal mass for starting first line therapy of ovarian cancer and to find out the incidences of ovarian malignancy among study population. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics on (n=115) patients attending GOPD and indoor with adnexal mass fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria using purposive sampling technique. All the selected cases underwent ultrasonography and serum CA- 125 level estimation necessary for calculating RMI score. A score of >200 was taken as suggestive of malignancy and confirmatory diagnosis was performed by histopathological examination obtained from staging laparotomy of adnexal mass. The individual scores were then correlated with final outcomes with statistical analyses. Results: The study revealed benign ovarian tumors are more under 50 years (78.46%) and patients with normal BMI are diagnosed with maximum of malignancy (n = 28). History of tubal ligation carried less risk of malignancy (p<0.0001). Histologically malignant tumors found mostly in 71.4% postmenopausal group whereas 94.1% benign pathology were present in perimenopausal group and there is no association found between parity and histopathology (p=0.058). Bilateral (p=0.013), multilocular (p=0.000) tumors with solid areas (p<0.0001) and thick papillary projections (p<0.0001) had statistically significant association with malignant lesions. RMI score (>200) had more efficacy than serum CA-125 level (>46) in differentiating malignant lesions from benign one in terms of specificity (96% vs 83.87%) and positive predictive value (95% vs 79.17%). Conclusions: RMI-3 score is a simple, reliable and effective tool in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal masses thereby help in quick referral and management of cases with increase chances of survival of the patients.

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Peripartum hysterectomy: a five year review at a tertiary care centre

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20173490 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 3590

Author(s):

Deepak A. V. ◽

K. J. Jacob ◽

Sumi P. Maria

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Case Series ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

College Hospital ◽

Peripartum Hysterectomy ◽

Medical College ◽

Obstetric Haemorrhage ◽

Suboptimal Care

Background: Peripartum hysterectomy is a life-saving procedure resorted to when conservative measures fail to control obstetric haemorrhage. Several predisposing factors, suboptimal care and lack of infrastructure may lead to this emergency procedure. We wanted to find out factors associated with peripartum hysterectomy and the adverse maternal outcomes at our centre.Methods: A retrospective case series analysis of 40 cases of peripartum hysterectomy performed over a period of 5 years from January 2010 to December 2014 at Government Medical College Hospital, Thrissur, Kerala was done.Results: The incidence of peripartum hysterectomy was 0.29%. The most common indication for peripartum hysterectomy was hysterectomy was uterine atony (50%). Thirty-five women (88%) were between 20 and 35 years. Most of the subjects were unbooked. There were two maternal deaths (case fatality rate of 5%) following peripartum hysterectomy during this period. All the subjects required blood transfusion.Conclusions: Prompt performance hysterectomy before the patient’s clinical condition deteriorates is the key to success. The incidence of adherent placenta is increasing, so every effort should be taken to reduce the caesarean section rates globally.

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TO DETERMINE THE PREVALENCE AND OCCURANCE OF VISUAL MORBIDITY IN PATIENTS OF PTERYGIUM ATTENDING EYE OPD IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF EASTERN INDIA

10.36106/ijsr/6908440 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 80-81

Author(s):

Vandana Parasar ◽

Vidyabhushan Kumar ◽

Ankita Singh ◽

Nilesh Mohan

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Living Condition ◽

Age Group ◽

Care Centre ◽

Eastern India ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Male Preponderance ◽

Uvb Exposure ◽

Epidemiological Trends

To determine the prevalence and occurrence of visual morbidity in patients of pterygium attending eye opd in a tertiary care centre of Bihar. Methods: In this observational study a total of 193 patients, diagnosed with pterygium, underwent complete ocular examination by an ophthalmologist. Epidemiological trends including age, sex, occupation, effect of living condition and socioeconomic status were analyzed. Results: There is a male preponderance of 58.03%. The age incidence of the group showed that the incidence of pterygium was 10.36% in the age group of less than 30 years. It rises to a maximum of 29.53% in the age of 41-50 years and then gradually declines.. The incidence was found to be maximum among farmers(39.86%) followed by miners(31%). Conclusion: People who work outdoors are at a greater risk because they are subjected to involuntary UVB exposure. The highest exposure occurs during the two hours on either side of noon. Workers must be aware and should take appropriate measures like wearing protective glasses, caps, etc

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HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF WHO CLASSIFIED MULTIBACILLARY LEPROSY CASES IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE, SOUTH KERALA

10.36106/ijsr/9403958 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 32-34

Author(s):

Anita Sanker ◽

G Nandakumar ◽

Swapna Balkrishnan

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Epithelioid Cells ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Medical College ◽

Leprosy Patients ◽

Epidermal Atrophy ◽

Multibacillary Leprosy

There are signicant differences in the histopathology of leprosy lesions which is inuenced by the host immune response to Mycobacterium leprae. Objective - To nd the histopathological changes in newly diagnosed multibacillary leprosy(MB) cases registered in the skin department Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. Method- skin biopsy performed in 40 multibacillary leprosy cases and histopathological ndings were evaluated. 70% showed epidermal atrophy. Granulomas, composed of sheets of foamy macro Results- phages, lymphocytes and epithelioid cells, were seen in 21 cases & twenty two cases were AFB positive. Eight cases each were lepromatous, borderline tuberculoid, mid boderline, borderline lepromatous types. Conclusion- Presence of 60% cases of borderline leprosy indicates the unstable immune response in leprosy patients. Majority were either borderline lepromatous or lepromatous showing the infective nature of multibacillary leprosy. Histopathological examination with Fite- Foroco staining is a crucial method and the gold standard for accurate diagnosis and typing of leprosy.

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