scholarly journals Mycobacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in chronic suppurative otitis media: a cross- sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Basavaraj Hiremath ◽  
Subramanya B. T.
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a disease of mucoperiosteal lining of the middle ear cleft. The poor compliance of patients to antibiotic treatment, Incomplete treatment, misuse/improper choice of antibiotics have resulted in changes in susceptibility to antibiotics and also development of resistant strains by microbes to commonly used antibiotics. This study aimed to identify the mycobacteriological profile and determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern in CSOM patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross sectional study was conducted on 120 clinically diagnosed cases of CSOM attending otolaryngology department. Ear discharges obtained were processed for microbial culture (aerobic, anaerobic and fungi). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of total 120 cases, pathogens were isolated from 114 cases. The commonest aerobic organism isolated was <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (34.5%) followed by <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (29.4%). <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> showed maximum sensitivity to erythromycin (70%), followed by cotrimoxazole (62.5%) and ampicillin (55%). Maximum resistance was observed for ciprofloxacin (77.5%), followed by amoxiclave (55%). <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> showed maximum sensitivity to piperacillin (89.36%) followed by gentamicin (70.2%), amikacin (70.2%), moderate sensitivity to ceftazidime (51.06%); however resistance to carbpenicillin (60%). Ciprofloxacin which is the most prescribed topical antibiotic showing an increase in resistance to causative organisms of CSOM.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Hence, it becomes essential to study each case of CSOM bacteriologically to formulate local antibiotic policy for appropriate use of antibiotics. This will certainly help in achieving a safe ear and to control the organisms developing resistance to prevalent antibiotics.</p>

scholarly journals Characterisation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Enterococci in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North East India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antara Roy ◽  
Rajkumar Manojkumar Singh ◽  
Supriya Laifangbam
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Enterococci are important agents of nosocomial infection, ranking as the second most common organisms causing complicated urinary tract infections, bacteraemia, endocarditis, intra-abdominal and pelvic infections, wound and soft tissue infections, neonatal sepsis, and, rarely, meningitis. Infections by enterococci have traditionally been treated with cell wall active agents (e.g., penicillin or ampicillin) in combination with an aminoglycoside (streptomycin/gentamicin); however, emergence of High Level Aminoglycoside Resistance (HLAR), β lactam antibiotics resistance and vancomycin resistance by some strains has led to failure of synergistic effects of combination therapy. Aim: To characterise enterococci up to the species level and study their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study in which a total of 14114 clinical specimens, obtained during the period from September 2018 to August 2020 in this cross-sectional study, were tested to identify and speciate enterococcal isolates using standard microbiological methodology. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics (percentage and proportion). Results: During the study period of two years, 146 enterococci were recovered from 14114 different clinical samples, accounting for an infection rate of 1.03%. Among 146 enterococcal isolates, 116 (79.5%) were obtained from urine, 13 (8.9%) from blood, 10 (6.8%) from pus, 4 (2.7%) from wound swab and 3 (2.1%) from catheter tip. The predominant isolates were E. faecalis (82.2%) followed by E. faecium (15.8%), E.durans (1.3%) and E.gallinarum (0.7%). On studying the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, most of enterococcal isolates were predominantly resistant to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin (73.9% in both) and least resistant to linezolid (3.4%). Conclusion: Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were the predominant species in present study and majority of the isolates was sensitive to linezolid (96.6%). Therefore, it is necessary to implement infection control measures like antimicrobial stewardship especially restricting the use of antibiotics to minimum.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and mycological profile of chronic suppurative otitis media

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagraj M. ◽  
Premalatha D. E.
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the chronic inflammation of the middle ear cleft. It can cause permanent perforation and is famous for its recurrence and persistent infection. Haphazard use of antibiotics and increasing use of newer ones has led to persistent change in microbial flora. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the bacteria and fungi causing chronic suppurative otitis media and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the bacterial isolates.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective cross sectional study was done in 70 patients of chronic suppurative otitis media presenting with active ear discharge. Sterile swabs were used to collect pus from discharging ear and sent for culture sensitivity. All organisms isolated were identified according to standard microbiological methods.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>were the most common organisms isolated in this study. Fungi isolated most commonly was <em>Aspergillus species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>was most sensitive to Piperacillin-Tazobactam, and Gentamycin. <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>was most sensitive to Linezolid and vancomycin and least sensitive to Erythromycin.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was the most common bacteria isolated and <em>Aspergillus </em>spp was the most common fungi isolated from patients with CSOM. Judicial use of antibiotics is necessary for the prevention of development of antibiotic resistance.</p>

scholarly journals Cystic fibrosis pathogens survive for extended periods within cough-generated droplet nuclei

Thorax ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle E Wood ◽  
Rebecca E Stockwell ◽  
Graham R Johnson ◽  
Kay A Ramsay ◽  
Laura J Sherrard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Droplet Nuclei

The airborne route is a potential pathway in the person-to-person transmission of bacterial strains among cystic fibrosis (CF) populations. In this cross-sectional study, we investigate the physical properties and survival of common non-Pseudomonas aeruginosa CF pathogens generated during coughing. We conclude that Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus are aerosolised during coughing, can travel up to 4 m and remain viable within droplet nuclei for up to 45 min. These results suggest that airborne person-to-person transmission is plausible for the CF pathogens we measured.

scholarly journals β-lactamases (bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTXM-1, bla VEB, bla OXA-1) and class C β-lactamases gene frequency in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical specimens in Khartoum State, Sudan: a cross sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Dina N. Abdelrahman ◽  
Aya A. Taha ◽  
Mazar M. Dafaallah ◽  
Alaa Abdelgafoor Mohammed ◽  
Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Class C

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium, causing nosocomial infections with intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to a large group of antibiotics, including β-lactams. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility pattern to selected antibiotics and to index the first reported β-lactamases gene (extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) genes and class C β-lactamases genes) frequency in Ps. aeruginosa in Khartoum State, Sudan. Methods: 121 Ps. aeruginosa clinical isolates from various clinical specimens were used in this cross-sectional study conducted in Khartoum State. A total of 80 isolates were confirmed as Ps. aeruginosa through conventional identification methods and species-specific primers (the remaining 40 isolates were other bacterial species). The susceptibility pattern of the confirmed isolates to selected antibiotics was done following the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Multiplex PCR was used for detection of seven β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTXM-1, blaVEB, blaOXA-1, blaAmpC and blaDHA). Results: Of the 80 confirmed Ps. aeruginosa isolates, 8 (10%) were resistant to Imipenem while all isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin and Amoxyclav (100%). A total of 43 (54%) Ps. aeruginosa isolates were positive for ESBLs genes, while 27 (34%) were positive for class C β-lactamases, and 20 (25%) were positive for both classes. Frequency of ESBLs genes was as follows: blaTEM, 19 (44.2%); blaSHV, 16 (37.2%); blaCTX-M1, 10 (23.3%); blaVEB, 14 (32.6%); and blaOXA-1, 7 (16.3%). Occurrence of class C β-lactamases genes was blaAmpC 22 (81.5%) and blaDHA 8 (29.6%). In total, 3 (11.1%) isolates were positive for both blaAmpC and blaDHA genes. Conclusion: Ps. aeruginosa isolates showed a high rate of β-lactamases production, with co-resistance to other antibiotic classes. The lowest resistance rate of Ps. aeruginosa was to Imipenem followed by Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin. No statistically significant relationship between production of β-lactamases in Ps. aeruginosa and resistance to third generation cephalosporins was found.

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