scholarly journals Shrine of Our Lady of Caravaggio [Brazil]: History and Devotion

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-347
Author(s):  
Rosalina Cassol Schvarstzhaupt ◽  
◽  
Vânia Beatriz Merlotti Herédia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Deep Foundation ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Religious Tourism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Over Time

The history of the Shrine of Our Lady of Caravaggio, in Farroupilha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is linked to the Italian immigrants who settled in the region in the last decades of the XIX Century. They were mostly peasants who came in search of better living conditions, bringing with them a deep foundation of faith, devotion and love for their homeland. These families built a chapel for them to pray and thus find strength to overcome the harsh difficulties they had encountered here. Over time, the now shrine has become not only very well known, attracting a vast number of pilgrims and becoming the largest Shrine in Southern Brazil in number of visitors, but also spreading the devotion to other locations. In this sense, the aim of this study is to trace the history of the Shrine and think through the increasing visitation and practice of solidarity, by the local community, in providing pilgrims a religious experience from the hospitality point-of-view. Local families strive to preserve, generously, the spirit of hospitality to pilgrims, developing initiatives that, over time, have marked the life of many generations and made of that place an attractive location for religious tourism.

scholarly journals Herpetofauna from an urban Pampa fragment in southern Brazil: composition, structure and conservation

Check List ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1964
Author(s):  
Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto ◽  
Tângela Denise Perleberg ◽  
Marco Antonio de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Composition Structure

Faunistic inventories regarding natural history of amphibians and reptiles are considered scarce and very little is known about their assemblages in urban areas; the Pampas morphoclimatic domain, also known as Uruguayan Savannah or Southern Grasslands, is also poorly known regarding their faunal composition.  Herein, we present a checklist of 16 amphibian and 20 reptile species recorded over a course of four years in the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia, Câmpus Pelotas-Visconde da Graça, in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We also present data on natural history and discuss conservation efforts to be undertaken in the area, in one of the least preserved and known Brazilian morphoclimatic domains, providing insights into urban herpetofaunal diversity patterns and showing the importance of modified areas in its conservation.

scholarly journals Public charity as the activity of Ust-Sysolsk “local community” in the second half of XIX century

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Anna K. Gagieva
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The article discusses the social charity of “local community” in Ust -Sysolsk in the second half of the XIX century. We define “local community” as a voluntary, self-determining citizens association, designed or not properly executed legally for the solution of urgent problems of non-productive and non-commercial nature. The aim of the work is to study public charity as an activity of “local community” in Ust-Sysolsk in the second half of the XIX century. The provisions of the work can be used for educational and methodological materials on the subject “History of Finno-Ugric regions and countries”, “History of everyday life”, “History of the Komi Republic” and others. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach, which includes structural, legal, historical and other methods of research. The materials are based on published and unpublished historical sources, such as legislative materials, statistics, documentation, as well as archival materials. Central Russia and the Urals had already introduced charities in the mid of XX century, while in the research area public charity was just beginning and was manifested through the social work of the Russian Orthodox Church, amateur associations and companies. Forms of public charity varied: fundraising, purchase of tools, equipment and materials for events and others. Public charity, “local community”, in Ust-Sysolsk developed within the framework of modernization processes of the second half of the nineteenth century. It led to the evolution of «local community» into a civil society. The emergence of new public organizations and active public charity contributed to the development of new forms of self-organization. In the city of Ust-Sysolsk, there was an upsurge of public life and public performance. The appearance of self-governing organizations “local community” was facilitated by the loyal policies of the district and provincial government. As historical sources show that we can talk about mutual understanding and cooperation between the authorities and the “local community”. Carrying out public charity, it provided public functions of traditional culture maintenance, the organization of leisure, cultural and educational activities.

scholarly journals Rurification of Religion. Foci and Suggrundaria at the Roman Vicus of Falacrinae (Cittareale, Rieti, Italy)

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-171
Author(s):  
Valentino Gasparini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
North East ◽  
Urban Patterns ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
Over Time

The results of the archaeological exploration of the Roman vicus of Falacrinae, placed in the Upper Sabina 78 miles north-east of Rome, represent excellent first-hand material for testing the concept of “rurification” of religion.  The frequentation of the area goes back over time at least to the late Neolithic, but it is only in the Archaic period that a temple was built, soon converting itself into a sort of pole of attraction of the local community. After the Roman conquest (290 BCE), an entire village gradually arose around the monument. 129 sacrificial foci, dated between the late 3rd and the second half of the 1st cent. BCE (probably linked with the festivals of the Feriae Sementivae, Paganalia or Compitalia), and few burials (suggrundaria) belonging to perinatal foetuses of 30/40 weeks of gestation, dated during the 2nd and the first half of the 1st cent. BCE, are the most intriguing ritual practices that the excavations have been able to identify. The analysis of these practices encourages to conclude that the local rural communities: 1) adopted group-styles of religious grouping significantly different from those taking place in urban contexts; 2) could strongly modify hierarchies and rituals performed in the cities; 3) cannot necessarily be considered as “deviant” from the normative point of view; 4) could easily negotiate between local religious traditions and urban patterns.

“Cultural diplomacy” in the absence of diplomatic relations: Pushkin’s “Vsevolozhsky Writing book” returns to Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 251-268
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Silkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
Over Time

The return of the “Vsevolozhsky Writing Book” from Belgrade to Moscow (1933) is of interest not only from the point of view of studying and preserving literary heritage, but also as an important episode in the history of Russian-Serbian relations. These relations are a complex phenomenon, the evolution of which, according to Miroslav Jovanović, took course at “various levels of the historical past: in the plane of politics and diplomacy; spiritual and church, social and cultural ties; relatively frequent migrations from one environment to another; fragmented economic relations; and, finally, in the plane of individual, personal contacts, connections and impressions”. It is obvious what of the above in particular came to the fore during the period of mutual non-recognition between the USSR and Yu-goslavia (1918-1940). The correspondence between the Serbian philologist and translator Jovan Maksimović and Vladimir Bonch-Bruevich that resulted in the acquisition of the Pushkin manuscript by the Literary Museum refers to the type of informal contacts that maintained relations between Russia and Serbia even when political ties were interrupted. “Over time, cultural, spiritual, and social contacts developed into what is today called traditional in Serbian-Russian relations, and what greatly influenced the formation of collective memory, mentality, and mutual perception”. As for the Serbs, one of the peculiarities of this perception was the widespread Russophilia or the idea of “real/fictional proximity” with the Russians. Without this, Pushkin's manuscript would not have returned to Russia.

scholarly journals Translating “natural selection” in Japanese: from “shizen tōta” to “shizen sentaku”, and back?

Bionomina ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taizo KIJIMA ◽  
Thierry HOQUET
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Finding ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Translation ◽  
Over Time

This paper focuses on terminological issues related to the translation of Darwin’s concept of “natural selection” in Japanese. We analyze the historical fate of the different phrases used as translations, from the first attempts in the late 1870s until recent times. Our first finding is that the first part of the Japanese translations never changed during the period considered: “natural” was constantly rendered by “shizen”. By contrast, the Japanese terms for “selection” have dramatically changed over time. We identify some major breaks in the history of Japanese translations for “natural selection”. From the end of the 1870s to the early 1880s, several translations were suggested in books and periodicals: “shizen kanbatsu”, “shizen tōta”, “tensen”. Katō Hiroyuki adopted “shizen tōta” in 1882 and he undeniably played an important role in spreading this phrase as the standard translation for “natural selection”. The most common Japanese translation of the Origin during the first half of the 20th century (by Oka Asajirō in 1905) also used “shizen tōta”. Adramatic shift occurred after WWII, from “tōta” to “sentaku”. While a linear interpretation could suggest a move from a “bad” translation to a better one, a closer analysis leads to more challenging insights. Especially we stress the role of the kanji restriction policy, which specified which kanji should be taught in schools and thus should be used in textbooks: “tōta” was not included in the list, which may have led to the good fortune of “sentaku” in the 1950–1960s. We think the hypothesis of the influence of Chinese translations is not a plausible one. As to conceptual differences between “shizen tōta” and “sentaku”, they remain unconvincing as both terms could be interpreted as a positive or negative process: there is no clear reason to prefer one term over the other from the strict point of view of their meanings or etymology. Then, turning to the way terms are used, we compare translations of natural selection with translations of artificial or sexual selection. First we turn to the field of thremmatology (breeders): there, “tōta” (sometimes spelled in hiragana instead of kanji) often bore the meaning of culling; since 1917, breeders often used “sentaku” as a translation for “selection”. However, quite surprisingly, breeders used two different terms for selection as a practice (“senbatsu”), and “selection” as in “natural selection” (“shizen sentaku”). Finally, we compare possible translations for “sexual selection” and “matechoice”: here again, there are some good reasons to favour “tōta” over “sentaku” to avoid lexical confusion.

scholarly journals Sektarianisme dalam Sejarah Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Humaira Azzahra
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Government Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Islamic Values ◽  
Over Time ◽  
A Share

The presence of sects in Islamic history was initially ridden by political factors. They were born as a political stream that has a share in government power. However, over time, these schools began to stand on the level of aqidah and divinity. Each sect has its own understanding of divine principles, politics, and Islamic values. It cannot be denied that this is a global concern for Muslims because it has the potential to cause division. Among the sects recorded in the history of Islam are the Shia, Khawarij, Murji'ah, Qadariyah, Jabariyah, Mu'tazilah, Asy'Ariyah, and Maturidiyah. The importance of studying sectarianism in the history of Islam is to understand the Islamic patterns that exist in various countries so as to make us have a wiser point of view in seeing diversity in religion.

scholarly journals Rumo ao interior: móveis e objetos numa escola rural de Antônio Prado/RS (1899-1912)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Terciane Ângela Luchese ◽  
Manuela Ciconetto Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Public Power ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
School Furniture

Os caminhos percorridos – produção, circulação e distribuição – de móveis e objetos escolares, de sua feitura ao espaço de uma sala de aula localizada no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, mais precisamente no município de Antônio Prado, são o foco do presente texto. A análise documental histórica das evidências apresentadas no livro de registros de inventário da 5ª aula pública mista, entre os anos de 1907 e 1910, somada às correspondências, jornais, relatórios de intendentes e fotografia, compõem a empiria pensada à luz das contribuições da História Cultural e da História da Educação. As minúcias do cotidiano escolar rural do início do século XX, na Serra Gaúcha, são pensadas pelas materialidades possíveis e disponíveis no interior da 5ª aula pública de Antônio Prado, em que lecionava a professora Natalina Maeffer. A artesania e a industrialização de objetos e móveis escolares produzidos e distribuídos por meio da ação do poder público, com interdições da comunidade local, permitem pensar atravessamentos e nuances que matizaram o cotidiano daquela escola rural.Palavras-chave: Móveis e objetos escolares. Cultura material. Escola rural.Towards the countryside: furniture and objects at a rural school in Antônio Prado / RS (1899-1912)ABSTRACTThe paths taken - production, circulation and distribution - of school furniture and objects, from their making to the space of a classroom located in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul, more precisely in the town of Antônio Prado, are the focus of the present text. The historical documentary analysis of the evidence presented in the inventory book of the 5th mixed public class, among the years 1907 and 1910, added to the correspondence, newspapers, reports of intendants and photography, compose the empire thought in the light of the contributions of Cultural History and of the History of Education. The minutiae of the rural school routine at the beginning of the 20th century in the Serra Gaúcha are thought by the possible and available materialities and within the 5th public class of Antônio Prado, where the teacher Natalina Maeffer taught. The craftsmanship and the industrialization of school objects and furniture produced and distributed through the action of the public power, with interdictions from the local community, allow us to think about crossings and nuances that colored the daily life of that rural school.Keywords: School furniture and objects. Material culture. Rural school.Hacia el interior: muebles y objetos en una escuela rural de Antônio Prado /RS (1899-1912) RESUMENLos caminos recorridos – producción, circulación y distribución – de muebles y objetos escolares, de su elaboración de acuerdo con el espacio de una aula ubicada en el interior de Rio Grande do Sul, más precisamente en el Ayuntamiento de Antônio Prado, son el enfoque del presente texto. El análisis documental histórico de las evidencias presentadas en el libro de registros de inventario de la Quinta escuela pública mixta, entre los años de 1907 a 1910, sumada a las correspondencias, los periódicos, los informes de alcaldes y la fotografía, componen el conjunto de fuentes considerado a la luz de las aportaciones de la Historia Cultural y de la Historia de la Educación. Las minucias del vivir cotidiano escolar rural del inicio del siglo XX en la sierra de Rio Grande do Sul son pensadas por las materialidades posibles y disponibles en el interior de la Quinta escuela pública de Antônio Prado en la que enseñaba la profesora Natalina Maeffer. La artesanía y la industrialización de muebles y objetos escolares producidos y distribuidos por medio de la acción del poder público, con interdicciones de la comunidad local, permiten pensar en los obstáculos y los matices que caracterizaron el vivir cotidiano de aquella escuela rural.Palabras clave: Muebles y objetos escolares. Cultura material. Escuela rural.

‘One Can’t Help Shuddering at the Sight of the Ruin of This Thriving Town’: The Great Fire in Yeniseisk and Its Consequences. 1869-1870

2018 ◽  
pp. 483-494
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Gonina ◽  
◽  
Anna P. Dvoretskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town

This archive draws on archival sources to study the Great Fire in Yeniseysk in 1869 and its consequences for development of this northern provincial town. The research derives its novelty from the first publication of documents of the State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Krai and that of the Irkutsk Region, which describe measures of fire response and name benefactors. Historical approach allows to place specific patterns of local community in the context of social history of the 20th century. Anthropological approach allows to identify means and modes of surviving in a natural disaster. The fire clamed about 200 lives, destroyed all wooden buildings in the town, and disrupted daily activities of more than 7 thousand Yeniseysk citizens. At present, such disasters are considered as more than just local disasters. From the religious point of view, such natural disasters disrupt the balance and harmony of the God's world and require worldwide effort to set it to rights. The case-study of the Yeniseysk community concludes that actions of a person within the fire storm were determined not just by self-preservation, but also by responsibility for the lives of those around them. People appealed to church for help. Many Yeniseysk priests rose to the occasion as their vocation demanded. The archival documents show how rapidly the nation responded to the disaster. The case-study of Yeniseysk in 1869-1871 demonstrates an array of measures aiming to attract external resources. The activities were based on Christian principles of communal spirit and charity, community help and civic cooperation in joined efforts of state and public institutions, private and corporate donors. The article concludes that effective moneyed assistance and social support significantly decreased the severity of losses.

scholarly journals IN SEARCH OF A “POSITIVELY EXCELLENT” HERO: PRINCE MYSHKIN BY F. M. DOSTOEVSKY AND SEGELIEL BY V. F. ODOEVSKY

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-193
Author(s):  
Yulia Sytina
Keyword(s):  
Mystical Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
The Many ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Unconscious Desire

The article analyzes the searches conducted by F. M. Dostoevsky and V. F. Odoevsky for a “positively excellent” hero. It compares the images of Prince Myshkin from The Idiot and the hero of the dramatic excerpt Segeliel, or Don Quixote of the XIX century. The similarity between these two characters is reflected as early as in the history of their creation. The authors hypothesize that in both cases an Easter archetype emerges behind the conscious or unconscious desire to substitute a grim and sinful character with a “positively excelent” one. Myshkin and Segeliel love the world with a compassionate, selfless and active love, but they are alien to other people, differ by their very nature and are aware of this otherness. The heroes do not accept the “earthly” hierarchy in relation to people, they are incomprehensible to others and are laughable from the point of view of “common sense.” At the same time, there are numerous differences between them. Segeliel is a spirit, but he is rational, he believes in laws and in science. Myshkin strives for a mystical experience of life. Failures lead Myshkin to humility, and Segeliel to rebellion. Dostoevsky’s hero seeks to flee from the world. Odoevsky’s hero wants to intervene in earthly affairs. Segeliel wants to remake the world without God. He does not believe in the Creator and repines against him. Segeliel’s throwings are reminiscent of the complex dialectic of good and evil, construed by rebels from Dostoevsky’s novels. At the same time, it is important to distinguish the positions of Segeliel and Odoevsky himself, who is not in complete agreement with his hero. Certain common motifs, i.e., those of childhood and foolishness for Christ, create parallels between Myshkin and Odoevsky, the character and the writer. The many intersections between the image of Segeliel, his author and the image of Prince Myshkin allow us to identify the cultural code that appears in the works of Russian writers who sought to find the earthly embodiment of truth, goodness and beauty in a rough physical shell, inevitably hindered by original sin.

scholarly journals Combining serological assays and official statistics to describe the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic: results from the EPICOVID19-RS study in Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Pires Hartwig ◽  
Lu&iacutes Paulo Vidaletti ◽  
Alu&iacutesio JD Barros ◽  
Gabriel D Victora ◽  
Ana MB Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Over Time

Background: The EPICOVID19-RS study conducted 10 population-based surveys in Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Brazil), starting early in the epidemic. The sensitivity of the rapid point-of-care test used in the first eight surveys has been shown to decrease over time after some phases of the study were concluded. The 9th survey used both the rapid test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, which has a higher and stable sensitivity. Methods: We provide a theoretical justification for a correction procedure of the rapid test estimates, assess its performance in a simulated dataset and apply it to empirical data from the EPICOVID19-RS study. COVID-19 deaths from official statistics were used as an indicator of the temporal distribution of the epidemic, under the assumption that fatality is constant over time. Both the indicator and results from the 9th survey were used to calibrate the temporal decay function of the rapid test's sensitivity from a previous validation study, which was used to estimate the true sensitivity in each survey and adjust the rapid test estimates accordingly. Results: Simulations corroborated the procedure is valid. Corrected seroprevalence estimates were substantially larger than uncorrected estimates, which were substantially smaller than respective estimates from confirmed cases and therefore clearly underestimate the true infection prevalence. Conclusion: Correcting biased estimates requires a combination of data and modelling assumptions. This work illustrates the practical utility of analytical procedures, but also the critical need for good quality, populationally-representative data for tracking the progress of the epidemic and substantiate both projection models and policy making.

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