scholarly journals Antidepressant effects of natural and micropropagated Bacopa monnieri (L.) plant extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Firoj A Tamboli ◽  
Vinod D Rangari ◽  
Harinath N More ◽  
Vijay H Kutwade ◽  
Vivek M Patil
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Motor Activity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Micropropagated Plant

Linn. an important medicinal plant in Indian system of alternative medicine belonging to Scrophulariaceae family. It is distributed in the wet and marshy lands throughout India, Nepal and many other parts of world. This study was carried out to evaluate the natural and micropropagated plant extract for antidepressant activity. Antidepressant effects of natural and micropropagated plant extract was evaluated by spontaneous motor activity. All the extracts were administered 30 min prior to the test. The standard drug chlorpromazine (2mg/kg) was used. The locomotor activity was performed using an actophotometer after different doses of test drug. Result: The locomotor activity of control and treated mice were recorded and statistically correlated among the control, standard and the test drugs. The inhibition of spontaneous motor activity in case of BMN, BMS extract was found 291, 93.5 and 277, 93.66 count at interval of 30 and 60 min. respectively. But in case of BMM plant extract it was found 290, 87.33 and 146 count at 30, 60 and 120 min. interval respectively so results showed that a significant antidepressant-like effect at a dose of 100 mg/kg. It can be used as adjuvant therapy for depression. There was statistically highly significant (p value <0.001) association observed. Further evaluation on the different mechanisms of action of ethanolic extracts of natural and micropropagated plant needs to be studied in the future.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANALGESIC ACTIVITY, AND ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF GAULTHERIA FRAGRANTISSIMA WALL. IN WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
FREDDY TEILANG NONGKHLAW ◽  
MALSAWMTLUANGI C ◽  
PHAIBIANG LAPASAM ◽  
ANDREW LALTHASANGA
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Latency Time ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Different Doses

Objective: The present study was undertaken to screen the analgesic and the antidepressant activity of Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. an ethnomedicinal plant of Meghalaya, India. Methods: In this study, the analgesic effect was induced by hot plate method and tail immersion test. The analgesic effect of two doses of the methanolic extract of Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. was tested and diclofenac was used as a standard drug. The antidepressant activity was brought about by force swimming test and tail suspension test. The antidepressant effect of two doses of the methanolic extract of G. fragrantissima Linn. was tested and imipramine was used as a standard drug. The statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests using GraphPad InStat 3.0 software. Results: The analgesic study shows that the plant extract at two different doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) possesses significant analgesic activity (p<0.01), whereby the two different doses of the plant extract showed a significant increase in the latency time were obtained at 120 min in hot plate method and increase in the latency time were obtained at 90 min in the tail immersion method, respectively. The antidepressant study shows us that the methanolic extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg produced significant reduction (p<0.001) in the immobility period when compared with that of control group animals in both the tests. Conclusion: The result of the study shows that the methanolic bark extract of G. fragrantissima Wall. possesses analgesic activity and antidepressant activity.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF INVOLVEMENT OF NEURO-CHEMICAL MECHANISM IN VALERIANA WALLICHII INDUCED ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECT IN MICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
HARSAHAY MEENA ◽  
V. K. JOSHI ◽  
MADHU BALA
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Antidepressant Effects

Objective: Valeriana (V) wallichii DC is found among the ground flora of Himalayan regions and used as herbal medicine for CNS disorders in Indian systems of medicine. In the study, aimed to investigation of involvement of neuro-chemical-systems in V. wallichii induced antidepressant effects in mice. Methods: The antidepressant activity of aqueous alcoholic extracts of V. wallichii was measured by using Forced Swim Test and Tail Suspension Test in mice, whereas locomotor activity was observed by Actophotometer. Involvement of adrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors in V. wallichii induced antidepressant effects in mice were also observed. Results: Sub-acute administration of V. wallichii in mice showed significant (P<0.05) increase in the antidepressant activity similar to the Imipramine, but did not show at lower doses in FST. Whereas, pretreatment of adrenergic receptor antagonist, dopaminergic receptor antagonist and serotonin synthesis inhibitor prevented V. wallichii induce anti-depressant effect in mice. Lower doses of hydoalcoholic extract of V. wallichii did not interfering the locomotor activity in mice during the sub-acute administration, but at a higher dose significantly (P<0.05) decreases the locomotor activity. Conclusion: Hence, it is concluded that the antidepressant effect of V. wallichii in mice may mediate via adrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems.

scholarly journals Behavior Effect of Fluoxetine in Presence of Selenium Using Albino Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Suhera M. Aburawi ◽  
Sumaya A. Baayo
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Spontaneous Motor Activity ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Albino Mice

Depression is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and is effective antidepressant medication. Selenium is essential for good health but required only in small amounts.Aim of the study is to investigate the effects of fluxetine alone and in presence of selenium on anxiety, spontaneous motor activity and antidepressant behavior. Also, the study aims to investigate the effects of selenium on spontaneous motor activity, anxiety measure, and antidepressant behavior, using photoelectric cells, elevated plus maze and forced swimming maze.Mice were divided into 5 group (n=6). Group 1 (control), administered 1% tween 80 (5 ml/kg); group 2 administered selenium (200 µg/kg); group 3 received diazepam as a positive control (1 mg/kg); group 4 received fluoxetine (20 mg/kg); while group 5 received combined treatment of fluoxetine and selenium. All drugs injected sub acutely (three doses), mice were intraperitoneally administered at 24, 5, and 1.0 hrs before scoring. All drugs administered as suspension in 1% Tween 80 (T80). It was injected in volume 5ml/kg. Plus maze, photoelectric cells and forced swimming maze models were used.Fluoxetine has no effect on anxiety or locomotor activity; while selenium produced anxiolytic effect without changes on locomotor activity. Fluoxetine has antidepressant activity without any effect on duration of climbing. Selenium induced antidepressant effect with climbing action. Fluoxetine abolish the anxiolytic effect of selenium when administered together, but the combined treatment decreases the locomotor activity. Fluoxetine administration with selenium counteract the antidepressant effect of each other and climbing effect of selenium. Finally, selenium improves anxiety and depression behavior in albino mice, and might be used as an alternative therapy instead of fluoxetine (which treat antidepression only); but it must not be taken in combination with it.

The effect of Gokshura Churna over Tilanalakshara Yoga in the management of Mutrashmari - A Randomized Comparative Clinical Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Anil M. Sanshi ◽  
Dr.Pallavi A. Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Renal Calculus ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study ◽  
Group B ◽  
Trial Drug

Background: Mutrashmari is a stone like structure anywhere in the Mutravaha Srothas which can be compared with renal calculi and one among the Astamahagada, clinical features as renal angle pain, haematuria, pyuria and dysuria. Peak age is 3rd to 5th decade while majority of patients report regarding onset of disease in 2nd decade of life and male to female ratio is 3:1. Objectives: To compare the effect of Gokshura Churna over Tilanalakshara Yoga in the management of Mutrashmari with special reference to Renal calculi. Materials and Methods: 30 patients were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria and divided into 2 groups with 15 patients in each group by chit method. Group A was treated with standard drug Tilanalakshara Yoga and Group B was traeted with trial drug Gokshura Churna. Results: It was found that standard group reduced the abdominal pain by 85.1%, dysuria by 89.4%, renal angle tenderness 88.4%, haematuria 100%, pyuria 100%, size of renal calculus 41.9% by 21st day of treatment. In study group it was observed that abdominal pain reduced by 92%, dysuria 96.1%, renal angle tenderness 91.6%, haematuria 100%, pyuria 100% and size of renal calculus 48.5% by 21st day of treatment. Conclusion: This assessment showed Gokshura Churna had significant result over Tilanala Kshara Yoga in both subjective and objective parameters with P value less than 0.0001.

scholarly journals Ketamine—50 years in use: from anesthesia to rapid antidepressant effects and neurobiological mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-345
Author(s):  
Samuel Kohtala
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractOver the past 50 years, ketamine has solidified its position in both human and veterinary medicine as an important anesthetic with many uses. More recently, ketamine has been studied and used for several new indications, ranging from chronic pain to drug addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder. The discovery of the rapid-acting antidepressant effects of ketamine has resulted in a surge of interest towards understanding the precise mechanisms driving its effects. Indeed, ketamine may have had the largest impact for advancements in the research and treatment of psychiatric disorders in the past few decades. While intense research efforts have been aimed towards uncovering the molecular targets underlying ketamine’s effects in treating depression, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive. These efforts are made more difficult by ketamine’s complex dose-dependent effects on molecular mechanisms, multiple pharmacologically active metabolites, and a mechanism of action associated with the facilitation of synaptic plasticity. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the different uses of ketamine, with an emphasis on examining ketamine’s rapid antidepressant effects spanning molecular, cellular, and network levels. Another focus of the review is to offer a perspective on studies related to the different doses of ketamine used in antidepressant research. Finally, the review discusses some of the latest hypotheses concerning ketamine’s action.

Synergistic action of propolis with levodopa in the management of Parkinsonism in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua ◽  
Josephine Kasolo ◽  
Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽  
Ejike Daniel Eze ◽  
Abass Safiriyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ethanolic Extract Of Propolis ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractBackgroundThe Phosphatase and tensin-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1B9) mutant for Drosophila melanogaster is a key tool that has been used in assessing the pathology of Parkinsonism and its possible remedy. This research was targeted toward determining the effects of ethanolic extract of propolis, with levodopa therapy in the management of Parkinsonism.MethodThe PINK1B9 flies were divided into groups and fed with the different treatment doses of ethanoic extract of propolis. The treatment groups were subjected to 21 days of administration of propolis and the levodopa at different doses after which percentage climbing index, antioxidant activity and lifespan studies were done.ResultsPropolis alone improved motor activity, antioxidant and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster than in PINK1 flies. Propolis in combination with levodopa significantly (P<0.05) improved physiological parameters at higher than lower concentrations in Parkinsonism Drosophila melanogaster demonstrating its importance in managing side effects associated with levodopa.ConclusionPropolis is a novel candidate as an alternative and integrative medicinal option to use in the management of Parkinsonism in both animals and humans at higher concentrations.

Neurotrophic Properties of Silexan, an Essential Oil from the Flowers of Lavender-Preclinical Evidence for Antidepressant-Like Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Kristina Friedland ◽  
Giacomo Silani ◽  
Anita Schuwald ◽  
Carola Stockburger ◽  
Egon Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Primary Hippocampal Neurons

Abstract Background Silexan, a special essential oil from flowering tops of lavandula angustifolia, is used to treat subsyndromal anxiety disorders. In a recent clinical trial, Silexan also showed antidepressant effects in patients suffering from mixed anxiety-depression (ICD-10 F41.2). Since preclinical data explaining antidepressant properties of Silexan are missing, we decided to investigate if Silexan also shows antidepressant-like effects in vitro as well as in vivo models. Methods We used the forced swimming test (FST) in rats as a simple behavioral test indicative of antidepressant activity in vivo. As environmental events and other risk factors contribute to depression through converging molecular and cellular mechanisms that disrupt neuronal function and morphology—resulting in dysfunction of the circuitry that is essential for mood regulation and cognitive function—we investigated the neurotrophic properties of Silexan in neuronal cell lines and primary hippocampal neurons. Results The antidepressant activity of Silexan (30 mg/kg BW) in the FST was comparable to the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (20 mg/kg BW) after 9-day treatment. Silexan triggered neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis in 2 different neuronal cell models and led to a significant increase in synaptogenesis in primary hippocampal neurons. Silexan led to a significant phosphorylation of protein kinase A and subsequent CREB phosphorylation. Conclusion Taken together, Silexan demonstrates antidepressant-like effects in cellular as well as animal models for antidepressant activity. Therefore, our data provides preclinical evidence for the clinical antidepressant effects of Silexan in patients with mixed depression and anxiety.

scholarly journals Glycemic Control Potential of Chemically Characterized Extract from Withania frutescens L. Roots in Severe Diabetes-Induced Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3998
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah El Moussaoui ◽  
Hamza Mechchate ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Imane Es-safi ◽  
Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
Severe Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Different Doses

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that causes impairment, mortality, and many other complications. Insulin and several synthetic medications are currently used in the treatment of diabetes. However, these pharmaceutical drugs are costly, and therefore medicines place priority on alternatives to fight this lethal disease. This modest study aims to investigate the chemical composition, antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic potentials along with subacute toxicity (bodyweight change and biochemical parameters) of hydroethanol extract from Withania frutescens L. roots (WFRE). The chemical analysis was carried out using GC–MS after extract silylation. The chemical analysis identified many potentially active compounds that may determine the antidiabetic results of WFRE. The antidiabetic effect of WFRE was evaluated in mice with severe diabetes using oral administration of doses up to 400 mg/kg for 28 days. The results of the antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic tests indicate that WFRE possesses promising glucose-lowering effects and, as a result, it may serve as an antidiabetic alternative for long-term use. The 4-week treatments with different doses of plant extract did not alter the bodyweight appearance of the diabetic mice nor their biochemical parameters (AST and ALT). The findings obtained indicate that the studied plant extract controlled severe diabetes in mice. Therefore, Withania frutescens L. can serve society as it provides natural agents to control diabetes.

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