scholarly journals Study of the Sustainable Water Resources Management at the Upper Euphrates Basin, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Sura Mohammed Sameer ◽  
Ayad Sleibi Mustafa ◽  
Jumaa A. Al-Somaydaii
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Weap Model ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Total Water Demand

This study aims at developing the aspect of sustainable management of water resources in the part of the upper Euphrates basin to extend the year 2035 by using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model. Water budget was developed to assess the current water conditions for the reference year 2015 based on available water supply and the increasing demand for water uses. Some of the proposed scenarios have been applied to the WEAP model. The results showed that the total water demand in 2015 was 100 MCM, and it will rise to 400 MCM in 2035. With the emergence of a water deficit, it is expected that 38 MCM, will be fully provided by applying modern irrigation methods. However, when applying the wastewater reuse scenario, it was found that the water deficit reaches 35 MCM. On the other hand, the water deficit has been approximately decreased to 16 MCM when the groundwater scenario was used as an additional source of water supply. The results confirmed the necessity of adopting alternative methods to reduce the water deficit, as well as the ability of the WEAP model to represent the study area.

scholarly journals Study on Production, Domestic and Ecological Benefits of Reservoir Water Supply Based on Emergy Analysis

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1435
Author(s):  
Xinjian Guan ◽  
Pengkun Jiang ◽  
Yu Meng ◽  
Haidong Qin ◽  
Hong Lv
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Emergy Analysis ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Ecological Benefit ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
Regulation Function ◽  
Current Water

As an important water conservancy project, it is necessary to evaluate its water supply benefit. Based on the emergy analysis theory, a reservoir water supply benefits evaluation model (RWSBEM) was established. Firstly, the emergy transformity of natural and engineering water body was calculated. Secondly, the water resource values (WRV) of different water users (industrial, agricultural, domestic, ecological) were calculated. Finally, combined with the water supply situation of the reservoir, the various water supply benefits of the reservoir were calculated. Taking Hekoucun reservoir as an example, its ecological water supply benefit is the largest and agriculture is the smallest, followed by industry and life. The results showed that the trend of WRV was domestic > industry > ecology > agriculture, which reflected the contribution and utility of water resources in different industries. Under the condition of current water resources, the planned water supply benefits of the reservoir can be guaranteed in the wet and normal years, but in the dry years, the ecological benefit will be reduced. Therefore, the industry water-saving needs to be further strengthened, and the interannual regulation function of the reservoir should be applied more effectively to maximize the comprehensive benefits of reservoir water supply.

scholarly journals Optimization of Water-Supply and Hydropower Reservoir Operation Using the Charged System Search Algorithm

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Asadieh ◽  
Abbas Afshar
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Reservoir Operation ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Charged System Search ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Charged System

The Charged System Search (CSS) metaheuristic algorithm is introduced to the field of water resources management and applied to derive water-supply and hydro-power operating policies for a large-scale real-world reservoir system. The optimum algorithm parameters for each reservoir operation problems are also obtained via a tuning procedure. The CSS algorithm is a metaheuristic optimization method inspired by the governing laws of electrostatics in physics and motion from the Newtonian mechanics. In this study, the CSS algorithm’s performance has been tested with benchmark problems, consisting of highly non-linear constrained and/or unconstrained real-valued mathematical models, such as the Ackley’s function and Fletcher–Powell function. The CSS algorithm is then used to optimally solve the water-supply and hydropower operation of “Dez” reservoir in southern Iran over three different operation periods of 60, 240, and 480 months, and the results are presented and compared with those obtained by other available optimization approaches including Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Constrained Big Bang–Big Crunch (CBB–BC) algorithm, as well as those obtained by gradient-based Non-Linear Programming (NLP) approach. The results demonstrate the robustness and superiority of the CSS algorithm in solving long term reservoir operation problems, compared to alternative methods. The CSS algorithm is used for the first time in the field of water resources management, and proves to be a robust, accurate, and fast convergent method in handling complex problems in this filed. The application of this approach in other water management problems such as multi-reservoir operation and conjunctive surface/ground water resources management remains to be studied.

International Perspective on Water Resources Management and Wastewater Reuse – Appropriate Technologies

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2039-2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl R. Bartone
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Recommended Guidelines

The unabated urbanization and industrialization process in many arid and semi-arid countries leads to increasing demand for municipal and industrial water supply, often in direct competition with irrigation demand. In such cases wastewater reclamation and reuse should be an integral component of water resources management strategies. National reuse policies should be developed and implemented taking into account local conditions and based on affordable approaches that ensure safe reuse practice. This paper describes research and development carried out in several developing countries on appropriate technologies for implementing reuse, as well as coordinated international efforts to provide recommended guidelines and policies for safe wastewater reuse in agriculture and aquaculture.

scholarly journals WATER SUPPLY RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN SARAWAK AND OTHER COUNTRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Nur Rasfina Mahyan ◽  
Onni Suhaiza Selaman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Desalinated Water ◽  
Current Water ◽  
The Difference

The rapid urbanization faced by Sarawak has raised the concern on whether the current water supply isadequate to cater for the increasing demands in future. This study focuses on identifying the potential options of watersupply resources and management practices for Sarawak in future. The water supply resources and management practicesfrom other countries are reviewed as to provide guidance for Sarawak in improving their water supply resources andmanagement practices. The desk study is performed by collecting data and information from existing resources such asinternet, government agencies, journal papers, and published reports. In this study, five types of water resources wereconsidered to be used by studied countries including surface water, groundwater, desalinated water, rainwater and reclaimedwater. The usage of surface water is recorded as the highest among all resources for both in Sarawak and other countries. Interms of water storage system, the difference between Sarawak and other countries are not significant as they adoptedalmost the similar systems such as reservoir and well. Ideally, there are three proposed potential options regarding watersupply resources for Sarawak in future namely rainwater harvesting, desalinated water and reclaimed water. Nonetheless,most of the management practices in other countries had already been practiced by Sarawak itself but may differ in terms oftechnologies and method of applications. Thus, effective water resources management must be supported by understandingof the availability of the resource itself in order to address the probable challenges in future.

scholarly journals Water Resources and the Problem of Externalities

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
B.H. Yerznkyan ◽  
K.A. Fontana
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Challenges

When managing water resources as an integral part of urban management, unforeseen situations, particularly related to the occurrence of side effects (externalities), often arise. Such effects aggravate the environmental situation and exacerbate global challenges to humanity in the field of water supply and rational use of water resources, including through the introduction of alternative methods of water supply. Providing water to the parties involved and their use by them can lead to externalities – both positive and negative. Problems usually arise in the situation with negative externalities, the elimination or mitigation of which necessitates technological and institutional solutions. The first solutions concern technical methods, such as wastewater treatment, for example, and their repeated or better regular reuse, as it is practiced in the circular economy, the second ones affect institutional solutions that can be divided into three types from a theoretical and methodological point of view. These include: 1) government intervention (practiced in a situation of «market failures»); 2) a Coasen solution (involving market contracting between producers and consumers of negative externalities); 3) a hybrid way of problem solving (combining the market efforts of the parties involved and non-market activities of organizations interested in the public good).

scholarly journals An Optimal Allocation Model for Large Complex Water Resources System Considering Water supply and Ecological Needs

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaogeng Tan ◽  
Zengchuan Dong ◽  
Chuansheng Xiong ◽  
Zhiyu Zhong ◽  
Lina Hou
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
System Model ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Reservoir Release

Water resources are very important to support the socio-economic development and maintain environmental health, which is a typical issue in water resources management. In this study, we developed an optimal allocation model for a large complex system of water resources by considering both water supply and river ecological benefits. The water supply benefit is defined as the minimum water deficit for different water users, while the ecological benefit involves making the reservoir release as close as possible to the natural streamflow. To solve this problem, the combination of decomposition-coordination (DC) and discrete differential dynamic programming (DDDP) methods were proposed. The proposed methods first decomposed a large system with multi-objective programming into subsystems, and the optimal solution of each subsystem was accomplished by the DDDP method to solve the system efficiently. Then the subsystems’ solutions were coordinated to figure out the near global optimal solution. The proposed models were tested in the Lingui and Yongfu County, Guilin City in China. Results show that the optimal reservoir release is close to the natural flow regime and there is a slight water deficit ratio in both level years. The water supply objective is more sensitive to the system model compared with the ecological objective, and the result of water allocation is optimized when the reservoir release is as close as possible to the natural flow based on the minimum water deficit. The proposed system model could facilitate sustainable water use and provide technical support for water resources management in economic development.

scholarly journals Problems and Challenges on Urban Water Management in Darjeeling Hill Town

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Suvechha Ghatani
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Governance System ◽  
The People ◽  
Increasing Demand

Provision of basic services such as portable water and sanitation are vital for health and wellbeing of the society. The growing intensity of use of water in urban environment due to increasing urbanization and rapidly growing population has posed significant challenges for efficient water supply and conservation in many developing countries. Darjeeling town alike most of these developing countries struggle for the improved access of water for urban population. The urban dwellers in Darjeeling Town struggles for the improved access of water due to increasing urban population. The daily uncertainty and anxiety over the access to water has been a common sight to the people in urban Darjeeling hills. The rapidly growing urban population associated with the increasing demand for water has led to striking challenges in the management practice of water resources. Consequently, a huge imbalance has generated between the demand and supply of water in the town. The present study therefore attempts to explore the existing situation of water resources and discuss the issues and challenges around the management of water resources in the urban landscape of Darjeeling hills. The study revealed that the gradual introduction of developmental activities, faulty construction plans relating to water, political intrusion, poor governance system and lack of public awareness are some of the prominent factors for insufficient water supply and creating a situation of scarcity in Darjeeling.

Options for the future: balancing urban water supply and demand in Beijing

Water Policy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Wang ◽  
Camilla Dunham Whitehead ◽  
Jining Chen ◽  
Xiaomin Liu ◽  
Junying Chu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Water Supply And Demand

Beijing is facing the considerable challenge of water shortage, as it is just able to meet current water demand in a year with average precipitation and a shortfall between water supply and demand is estimated to be around 1.8 billion[109] cubic meters (BCM) by 2010. Aiming to find the solution to such a severe challenge, this paper investigates Beijing's current and future water resources availability and water-use configurations, as well as past and current effort on both areas of water supply and demand. The analysis shows a continuously growing demand for water and an aggravating deficit of traditionally available water resources. The paper concludes that it is necessary to establish well-structured water-use data and employ more advanced forecasting methods if sound future decisions regarding water balance are expected to be made. In order to realize Beijing Municipality's full urban water conservation potential, it is suggested that a comprehensive and integrated long-term conservation program be implemented, which is technically feasible and economically justified, to conserve water consistently for many years.

scholarly journals Sustainable water resources management through the use of GIS technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-151
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Rational Management

The increasing water demand, the prolonged drought periods and the human influence in natural resources that put in danger the quantity and quality of water resources, highlight the importance for rational management and exploitation of water resources in terms of sustainable development of an area. The purpose of this study is the application of procedures for sustainable management and development of the water resources of the Grevenitis basin, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology. Grevenitis drainage basin is part of the greater Aliakmon river drainage basin (NW Greece). It’s located in the central section of Mesohellenic Trough. The study reveals the capability of itself-reliance of the area of Grevenitis basin in covering the total water needs and the new perspectives for sustainable development of the area with the exploitation of the surface waters of Grevenitis river and the groundwater of the aquifer formed in the Plio-Pleistocene sediments, which overlay on the impermeable molassic sediments. It’s also shown the important contribution of GIS technology with the creation of databases for the continuous monitoring of the various parameters with their changes and the convenience for direct drawing of thematic maps. The evaluation of quality parameters of drinking water brings to light useful results and recommendations in order to assist and improve current water quality monitoring and protective actions.

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