scholarly journals Challenges, hurdles and possible approaches to improve cancer care in developing countries – A short breakdown of the status quo and future perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine D. Brookman-May ◽  
Oscar Rodriguez-Faba ◽  
Johan F. Langenhuijsen ◽  
Bulent Akdogan ◽  
Estefania Linares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Cancer Prevention And Screening ◽  
The Status ◽  
Related Mortality

<p>It was estimated that in 2012, 57% of the incidence and 65% of cancer deaths have occurred in developing countries, and in the future, the incidence of cancer-related mortality is even expected to rise significantly in these countries. Despite this alarming data, there are still significant disparities in access to cancer care and cancer control between developing nations and higher income countries. There are several hurdles for cancer patients in developing countries which impair adequate treatment, including very little access to programs of cancer prevention and screening measures, early diagnosis and adequate surgical and medical tumor treatment. In this review article, we provide a short assessment and breakdown of the main barriers for proper cancer treatment admission and provide a perspective on potential approached and solutions to enhance cancer research and care in developing countries.  </p>

scholarly journals AI MSK clinical applications: spine imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian A. Huber ◽  
Roman Guggenberger
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Musculoskeletal Imaging ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Spine Imaging ◽  
The Status

AbstractRecent investigations have focused on the clinical application of artificial intelligence (AI) for tasks specifically addressing the musculoskeletal imaging routine. Several AI applications have been dedicated to optimizing the radiology value chain in spine imaging, independent from modality or specific application. This review aims to summarize the status quo and future perspective regarding utilization of AI for spine imaging. First, the basics of AI concepts are clarified. Second, the different tasks and use cases for AI applications in spine imaging are discussed and illustrated by examples. Finally, the authors of this review present their personal perception of AI in daily imaging and discuss future chances and challenges that come along with AI-based solutions.

Mindset and Social Entrepreneurship: Japanese Self-initiated Expatriate Entrepreneurs in Cambodia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Yokoyama ◽  
Sarah Louisa Birchley
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Extended Study ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Context Characteristics ◽  
Initial Research

This research is based on an extended study of Japanese self-initiated expatriate entrepreneurs (SIEEs) in Asia. Since 2015 the authors have explored various factors that influence SIEEs when setting up enterprises overseas, including the ability to take initiative; support and encouragement from family, a well-defined career anchor and exposure to overseas in the exploration stage of one’s career. An emerging trend is the desire to engage in social development activities, which has seen increasing numbers of Japanese leave well-paid companies at home to work in NGOs in developing countries. An extension of this can be seen in Japanese who choose to become self-initiated expatriate social entrepreneurs. This article focuses specifically on cases collected in Cambodia and attempts to explain how and why Japanese decide to become self-initiated expatriate social entrepreneurs in Cambodia using the concept of mindsets; entrepreneurial, social, sustainable and global. Initial research shows that some of these individuals exemplify the definition of sustainable entrepreneurship as they are creative and question the status quo in order to seek new opportunities for societal improvement ( Bornstein, 2007 ) and have multiple mindsets behind their actions. This research paper shares the context, characteristics, and outcomes of Japanese self-initiated expatriate social entrepreneurs in Cambodia and concludes by suggesting how knowledge of these SIEEs can be used in higher education contexts in Japan to improve entrepreneurship education.

The transnational policy process for REDD+ and domestic policy entrepreneurship in developing countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1418-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Jodoin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
Governance Arrangement ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Status ◽  
Domestic Level

This article aims to understand the complex relationship between transnational pathways of policy influence and strategies of domestic policy entrepreneurship in the pursuit of REDD+ in developing countries. Since 2007, a complex governance arrangement exerting influence through the provision of international rules, norms, markets, knowledge, and material assistance has supported the diffusion of REDD+ policies around the world. These transnational pathways of influence have played an important role in the launch of REDD+ policy-making processes at the domestic level. Indeed, over 60 developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America have initiated multi-year programmes of policy reform, research, and capacity-building that aim to lay the groundwork for the implementation of REDD+. However, there is emerging evidence that the nature of policy change associated with these REDD+ policy efforts ultimately depends on the mediating influence of domestic factors. This article offers an analytical framework that focuses on whether and how domestic policy actors can seize the opportunities provided by transnational policy pathways for REDD+ to challenge or reinforce the status quo in the governance of forests and related sectors.

EU and U.S. Non-Reciprocal Preferences: Maintaining the Acquis

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Ruth Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Trade Preference ◽  
The Status ◽  
Trade Preferences ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
Enabling Clause ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Eu

In the light of the disparity of bargaining leverage in FTA negotiations between the EU or the U.S. and developing countries, this article presents a legal mechanism to maintain the status quo, that is, the acquis of current trade arrangements. On the basis of the test established in the EC-Tariff Preferences case, it is argued that the Enabling Clause allows for differentiation between developing countries on the basis of their levels of intra-regional trade. A scheme is then constructed which allows the EU and the U.S. to differentiate in favor of current beneficiaries of non-reciprocal trade preference schemes in this way. This allows the EU and the U.S. to maintain the acquis without making radical changes to their trade and development policy. Where the status quo is an option, developing countries involved in FTA negotiations would have a feasible best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA) to replace the current alternative of a significant reduction of market access to the EU or the U.S. While the maintenance of the status quo is up to the industrialized country in question, given that the trade preferences are unilateral in nature, the scheme constructed debunks the myth that there is a legal requirement to replace the current arrangements by reciprocal trade agreements in the absence of a waiver.

scholarly journals International Intellectual Property Agreements as Agents of Sustainable Development of Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Bethel Uzoma Ihugba ◽  
Ikenna Stanley Onyesi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Status

The paper examines the implication of International Intellectual Property (ip) laws and agreements on the sustainable development of Least Developed Countries (ldcs) and Developed Countries (dcs) and suggests approaches for improving the development and wellbeing of people in the developing world through national ip laws. The paper argues that generally international ip agreements may appear biased against developing countries and most dcs are reluctant to challenge the status quo and/or use the flexibilities of the international ip agreement to promote the wellbeing of their citizens. However, the article finds that ldcs and dcs could change this trend through the creative use of national ip laws and international agreements to promote the sustainable development of ldcs and dcs. The major instrument suggested for this shift in approach is the establishment of national ip administration institutions and the positive use of compulsory licences.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of Agricultural Market Reforms in Developing Countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Giuliano ◽  
Diego Scalise
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Political ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Agricultural Market ◽  
Government Ideology ◽  
The Status ◽  
International Price ◽  
Rural Representation

Abstract We study the determinants of agricultural market reforms in developing countries. What prompted the governments in these countries to abruptly begin deregulating their agricultural markets in the late 1980's? We answer this question by constructing a completely new dataset based on agricultural market regulations in 88 developing countries from 1960 to 2003. Our results suggest that the sudden and strong decline in the international price of agricultural commodities played a crucial role in destabilizing the financial equilibrium of marketing boards. In addition, changes in the rural representation in the political arena and government ideology also played significant roles in breaking up the status quo.

Challenges of cancer control in developing countries: current status and future perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1213-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanita Sharma ◽  
Stewart H Kerr ◽  
Zsana Kawar ◽  
David J Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective

scholarly journals Strategies for Establishing Astronomy in Developing Countries

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 888-889
Author(s):  
Mazlan Othman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Economic

Developing countries have their own particular political, economic and cultural circumstances. There are, therefore, no unique solutions. However there are some factors which are common to all or most of them, namely the lack of human and financial resources and in most cases an absence of a political commitment to the advancement of science. Such situations are in a sense not peculiar to developing nations because in some developed countries astronomy has a ‘developing’ status. Even in countries where astronomy is well established, the commitment and allocations required to maintain the status quo need to be continuously addressed. Hence strategies for fighting this “constant battle” are relevant to all astronomers of the world, while being especially vital to those in the developing world.

scholarly journals Climate Change Issues in BRICS Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Nayyer Rahman ◽  
Abdul M. Turay ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
Climate Change Policies ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The Status ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Government

Climate change has emerged as one of the discussions where more is discussed and very less is implemented. People wait for actions to be taken by the government or multilateral organizations but seldom do they capture the developments going on. Several initiatives have been taken by individual countries as well as countries forming groups or conglomerates to tackle the challenges of climate change. This is true for BRICS as well. BRICS countries share the idea of climate protection but are sceptical of the policies passed by developed countries. BRICS as a forum of developing countries challenging the status quo of climate change policies has emerged to formulate its own climate change policies and initiatives in the light of BRICS discussions. The present study is aimed to capture the BRICS climate change policies and initiatives with a descriptive approach.

Developing countries and market access: the bitter-sweet taste of the European Union's sugar policy in southern Africa

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Multilateral Institutions ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The Status ◽  
European Agriculture

The European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has long been criticised for its price-distorting impact on world markets. Pressure to reform the CAP emanated previously from domestic European concerns over the costs, efficacy and efficiency of the policy and, internationally, from countries whose competitive advantage was undermined. More recently developing countries, NGOs, multilateral institutions and development agencies have orchestrated a campaign to liberalise European agriculture, in the expectation that developing countries will benefit from a shift in production away from high-cost European producers. But it would be naïve to think of liberalisation as bringing universal benefits to the developing world. Inevitably, under any system of regulation, market or intervention, there will be a complex pattern of winners and losers. This paper examines the impacts of Europe's sugar policy on southern Africa and finds, somewhat surprisingly, that the region stands to benefit more from a preservation of the status quo than from liberalisation.

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