scholarly journals WHEAT RUST IDENTIFICATION USING PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND MACHINE VISION TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
G.V. Volkova ◽  
◽  
I.V. Arinicheva ◽  
I.V. Arinichev ◽  
I.P. Matveeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Machine Vision ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Wheat Rust

Wheat is the most economically important and valuable food crop cultivated in most regions of the world, and various diseases have a significant impact on yield parameters. Particular attention in wheat protection technologies from phytopathogens is given to rust, since yield losses, depending on the weather conditions of the season and the resistance of the sown varieties, can range from 30 to 100%. The article provides brief information on wheat rust diseases (yellow, brown, stem rust), as well as on current methods of their identification. Accurate and timely identification of rust pathogens is a key step in making decisions on application of plant protection products in the battle against diseases, which prevents their further development, spread and the occurrence of epiphytoties. The article describes the main method for identification and further record of yellow, brown, stem rust - this is a classic phytopathological study based on usage of human resources. The advantage of this method is its accuracy and versatility. Among the drawbacks, one should single out the labor intensity and the need for a staff of qualified phytopathologists. In view of intensive development of computer technologies and agriculture digitalization, the possibility of using machine vision based on programming of neural networks and their training in identifying the main causative agents of diseases is acquiring scientific and practical interest. A promising methodological approach to identification of phytopathogens when providing phytosanitary monitoring and algorithms used for training of neural networks and applied in machine vision technologies are presented.

scholarly journals Development and Field Evaluation of a Spray Drift Risk Assessment Tool for Vineyard Spraying Application

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bourodimos ◽  
Koutsiaras ◽  
Psiroukis ◽  
Balafoutis ◽  
Fountas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Evaluation Tool

Spray drift is one of the most important causes of pollution from plant protection products and it puts the health of the environment, animals, and humans at risk. There is; thus, an urgent need to develop measures for its reduction. Among the factors that affect spray drift are the weather conditions during application of spraying. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a spray drift evaluation tool based on an existing model by TOPPS-Prowadis to improve the process of plant protection products’ application and to mitigate spray drift for specific meteorological conditions in Greece that are determined, based on weather forecast, by reassessing the limits for wind speed and direction, temperature, and air relative humidity set in the tool. The new limits were tested by conducting experimental work in the vineyard of the Agricultural University of Athens with a trailed air-assisted sprayer for bush and tree crops, using the ISO 22866:2005 methodology. The results showed that the limits set are consistent with the values of the spray drift measured and follows the tool’s estimates of low, medium, and high risk of spray drift.

scholarly journals The substantiation of the technical solution for improving the application of chemical plant protection products using pneumohydraulic sprayers

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Panasyuk, V.
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Methods Analytical

Purpose. Improving the effectiveness of plant protection products when growing crops due to the pneumohydraulic device that ensures their uniform application to the sheet surface. Methods. Analytical and Experimental. Results. Laboratory studies of the process of spraying plants with nozzles with a pneumohydraulic system determined the quality indicators of the process with pressure in injection communication 0.4 MPa – droplet coating density of 19–46 pcs/cm2 for the weighted average droplet diameters in the different experimental variants was within 304–543 microns. These indicators were compared with those for the standard, anti-drift and injection nozzles in which the droplet coating density was 23–59 pcs/cm2 and the weighted average droplet diameters were in the range of 350–485 microns. The obtained analytical dependence of the influence of lateral air flow and air pressure in the pneumohydraulic system on the amount of deposited sprayed liquid. The annual economic effect from the introduction of this technical device with pneumohydraulic spraying system is 10434 UAH. Conclusions 1. The tendencies development technical means of chemical protection plants are determined: the use of sprayers with monodispersed cutting by drops adapted to weather conditions, which allow the operator to work in a wider range of speeds like wind (up to 9 m/s) and the speed of the unit (up to 30 km/h). To improve the quality of spraying, devices with air supply to the nozzles are used to control the dispersion of the spray depending on weather conditions. 2. It was established that with increasing pressure of air from 0.12 MPa there is a decrease in the diameter of the droplets. And at a pressure more than 0.25 MPa, the cutting is equivalent to a standard small-gap slot sprayer. During researches, it was discovered that the air pressure could be influenced by the dispersion of droplet cutting. Keywords: pneumatic hydraulic spray, model sketches, laboratory tests, performance indicators, analytical fluidity, fluid pressure, air pressure.

scholarly journals Biological efficiency of plant protection products to control codling moth on apple immune cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Natalia Kashirskaya ◽  
Andrei Kuzin ◽  
Anna Kochkina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Mass Reproduction

The caterpillars of this codling moth can damage up to 90% of fruits during mass reproduction. Changing weather conditions contribute to increasing the harmfulness of the primary pest of the apple tree. The research was carried out to select modern plant protection products with high biological efficiency to control codling moths and increase the productivity of the apple orchard. The research was carried out in the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Centre apple orchard. We studied the efficiency of plant protection products on apple cultivars immune to scab: ‘Akademik Kazakov,’ ‘Vympel,’ ‘Bylina,’ ‘Rozhdestvenskoye,’ ‘Fregat.’ The efficiency of these preparations was studied with low application rates to reduce the fruit damages by codling moth. The values of fruit damage in control without treatment during the years of the research as the result of vital pest activity: Generation 1: 4.9-17.8%; Generation 2: 5.4-16.3%. In the experiment treatment, Generation 1 damaged 0.24-1.50%, and Generation 2 injured 0.36-1.60% of fruits. The biological efficiency of the experimental treatment was high and reached controlling Generation 1: 91.0-98.5%, Generation 2: 90.0-96.0%. The average yield in the experimental treatment was 29.4 kg tree−1 with a share of first-grade fruits 85-90% (2019) and 39.4 kg tree−1, 90-91% (2020).

scholarly journals Use of a pearl mill for the production of plant protection products

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szwedziak ◽  
Żaneta Grzywacz ◽  
Sławomir Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Good Practices

Production of plant protection products is one of the most innovative branches of the chemical industry for agriculture requiring considerable financial outlays, which is associated with the needs of farmers. This is because the intention of farmers is to obtain higher yields and search for substances with properties independent of weather conditions and active for a longer time.  In the paper, an innovative technology for the production of suspensions, using a pearl mill, which are applied as a carrier of the active ingredient in plant protection products, has been presented. The pearl mill proposed in the research work, in which its parameters are presented, is used to prepare suspensions that are applied for the production of fungicides. In the production of plant protection products it is important that the parameters of the substrates comply with the guidelines regulated by law. The tests were conducted in accordance with good practices according to the CIPAK method, using liquid chromatography.

scholarly journals Soil pest control for maize when applying drip and sprinkler irrigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
F. S. Melnychuk ◽  
S. A. Alekseeva ◽  
O. V. Hordiienko ◽  
L. M. Melnychuk ◽  
K. B. Shatkovska
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Crop Density

In Ukraine, the application of pesticides along with irrigation water (pestigation) is becoming more widespread and popular. The use of insecticides when applying them along with irrigation water on reclamation systems (insecticide method) is a reliable way to reduce the number of dangerous pests. The advantage of this method is the possibility of timely delivery of plant protection products to crops during their critical periods, and rapid application of pesticides regardless of weather conditions. The use of insecticides along with drip irrigation to control owlet moth caterpillars was carried out in the II-III decades of June. The most effective products were: Woliam Flexi 300 SC, Ampligo 150 ZC FC and Enzhio, 247, SC. Among the one-component products reliable protection of crop plants was provided by Actara, 240 SC. Under drip irrigation, owlet moth larvae control proved was rather effective, reaching 85,7-100%. On the variant with the maximum rate of insecticides, the highest efficiency was provided by the preps of Woliam Flexi 300 SC, Ampligo 150 ZC and Enzhio, 247 SC (97,1-100%). Against the larvae of Agriotes the reliable protection of corn when applying insecticides along with drip irrigation, was obtained on the variant with Voliam Flexi 300 SC, KS, where having an application rate of 0,3 l/ha, the protection level was 97,1%. Reduction in the number of owlet moth caterpillars and Agriotes arvae on the variants of the experiment provided crop density and enabled to obtain a higher yield of corn grain. When applying  Woliam Flexi 300 SC, Ampligo 150 ZC and Enzhio, 247 SC, at the maximum application rates, the crop density averaged 84-88 thou /ha. In general, on the variants of the experiment when the maximum rates of multi-agent preps were applied, the maize productivity was 2,0-2,4 t/ha. higher than the figures on the reference variants.

scholarly journals Winter rye yield depending on the types of fallows

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00100
Author(s):  
Albert Kuzminykh ◽  
Sergey Novoselov ◽  
Roman Eremeev
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soil Microbiological Activity

Winter rye is of great importance in strengthening and developing the grain economy of the Non-Chernozem region of Russia. In recent years, due to the high cost of fertilizers and plant protection products, agricultural producers have begun to pay more attention to the biologization of agriculture. One of the main means of biologizing agriculture is the use of sideration. The article presents the results of the research on the influence of pure, green-manured and occupied fallows on the growth and development of winter rye, crop contamination, soil microbiological activity and grain yield in the eastern part of the Volga- Vyatka zone. It was revealed that the weather conditions of the growing season of the Republic of Mari El allowed the cultivation of winter rye on the green-manured fallow. With timely plowing of siderite, the amount of productive moisture in the soil before sowing winter crops is sufficient. The use of sideration improves the phytosanitary state of the agrocenosis – the contamination of winter rye crops when cultivated with green-manured fallow is significantly lower in comparison with cultivation with occupied fallow. Being a valuable food and energy material for the soil microflora, the plowed organic mass of green fertilizers contributes to a significant increase in the microbiological activity of the soil. The replacement of pure and occupied fallow with green-manured fallow cultivation of winter rye on this fallow allows you to get a significant increase in grain yield.

scholarly journals Fungicidal activity of new 5-arylazo-7-nitro-8-hydroxyquinolines

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Ilya I. Ustinov ◽  
◽  
Irina V. Shakhkeldyan ◽  
Yury M. Atroshchenko ◽  
Anastasia V. Glazunova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Causative Agents

Currently, agricultural production is impossible without the use of chemical plant protection products, so the search for new effective fungicides is an important and urgent task. A significant part of the systemic fungicides and antimycotics used today are azole derivatives. Research conducted at the Department of Chemistry is devoted to the analysis of the fungicidal and biological activity of substances of various classes of organic compounds, including derivatives of azoles. Previously published data on the fungicidal activity of 2-methyl-5-nitrobenzoxazole and its derivatives showed that 2-methyl-5-nitrobenzoxazole shows the highest fungicidal activity for all types of fungal cultures used in the study. The second nitro group introduced into the 2-methyl-5-nitrobenzoxazole molecule reduces fungitoxicity by 1.5-2 times. Replacing the methyl group with phenyl significantly reduces the fungicidal activity. In continuation of these studies, tests of 5-(4'-chlorophenylazo)-7-nitro-8-hydroxyquinoline, 5-(3',5'-dimethoxyphenylazo)-7-nitro-8-hydroxyquinoline and 5-(3'-methyl-4'-nitrophenylazo)-7-nitro-8-hydroxyqui-noline with respect to V. inaequalis, the causative agent of apple scab, R. solani, the causative agent of rhi-zoctonia, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme, causative agents of cereal crops, B. sorokiniana – causative agent of root rot and S. sclerotiorum – causative agent of white rot. The radial growth of mycelium was determined according to the method developed by NIITEKHIM, according to which the fungal cultures were sown in nutrient media with the addition of the studied substan-ces. In parallel, a control experiment was conducted in the aquatic environment. The growth of mycelia was controlled by measurements on days 3, 6 and 9. The percentage of inhibition of fungal growth was calculated using the Abbott formula. Analysis of the experimental data demonstrates a higher fungicidal activity of 5-(3',5'-dimethoxy-phenylazo)-7-nitro-8-hydroxyquinoline compared with other azoquinolines for all types of fungal cultures used in the study.

Methodological foundations of plant protection from dangerous pests in nurseries of fruit and berry crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
A. S. Zeynalov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Quality Category ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures

In the production of planting material, it is important to choose a healthy, highly productive source material, with typical varietal characteristics, and, if necessary, their disinfection), as well as reliable protection against dangerous pests at further stages of cultivation. This requires a scientifically based methodological approach and phytosanitary measures in several areas. First of all, it is required to study and classify in detail hazardous pests and pathogens, select methods for accounting and identifying in accordance with their degree of danger and the quality category of planting material. Apply comprehensive measures to prevent the entry of pests in the territory of growing planting material and timely eliminate the centers of potential threat.

scholarly journals Effect of the Application Date of Fertilizer Containing Silicon and Potassium on the Yield and Technological Quality of Sugar Beet Roots

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Alicja Siuda
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Technological Quality

Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the “field to fork” strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018–2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.

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