scholarly journals Winter rye yield depending on the types of fallows

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00100
Author(s):  
Albert Kuzminykh ◽  
Sergey Novoselov ◽  
Roman Eremeev

Winter rye is of great importance in strengthening and developing the grain economy of the Non-Chernozem region of Russia. In recent years, due to the high cost of fertilizers and plant protection products, agricultural producers have begun to pay more attention to the biologization of agriculture. One of the main means of biologizing agriculture is the use of sideration. The article presents the results of the research on the influence of pure, green-manured and occupied fallows on the growth and development of winter rye, crop contamination, soil microbiological activity and grain yield in the eastern part of the Volga- Vyatka zone. It was revealed that the weather conditions of the growing season of the Republic of Mari El allowed the cultivation of winter rye on the green-manured fallow. With timely plowing of siderite, the amount of productive moisture in the soil before sowing winter crops is sufficient. The use of sideration improves the phytosanitary state of the agrocenosis – the contamination of winter rye crops when cultivated with green-manured fallow is significantly lower in comparison with cultivation with occupied fallow. Being a valuable food and energy material for the soil microflora, the plowed organic mass of green fertilizers contributes to a significant increase in the microbiological activity of the soil. The replacement of pure and occupied fallow with green-manured fallow cultivation of winter rye on this fallow allows you to get a significant increase in grain yield.

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (49) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Galina Konieva ◽  
◽  
Vitalii Ochirov ◽  
Vera Ivanova ◽  
Rustam Shabanov

Realization of the yield potential depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, cultivation technology and weather conditions. The article presents the results of studies carried out in 2018-2021. on the productivity of various varieties of winter rye in dryland conditions of the central zone of the Republic of Kalmykia. The fresh yield of winter rye harvested for fodder depended on the variety. Its highest index was obtained for the Saratovskaya 4 variety and amounted to 17.7 ... 26.9 t / ha. The analysis of the productivity of winter rye harvested for green fodder showed that the studied varieties provided the yield of dry matter at the level of 5.4 ... 7.1 t / ha on average for three years. All varieties have good winter hardiness. Keywords: WINTER RYE, VARIETY, NAKED FALLOW, PLANT HEIGHT, GREEN MASS, FRESH YIELD, CROP PRODUCTIVITY, DRY MATTER


Author(s):  
А.Р. Мухаметшина ◽  
Г.А. Петрова ◽  
Х.Г. Мусин ◽  
И.К. Сингатуллин ◽  
Н.Ф. Гибадуллин

Успешность применения средств защиты растений во многом зависит от обеспеченности их элементами питания. Одним из эффективных способов является использование некорневой обработки различными препаратами, которая восполняет дефицит питательных веществ именно в критические фазы роста и развития растений. Кроме этого, препараты данной группы способствуют многократному снижению норм расхода дорогостоящих удобрений. Объектом полевого исследования являются посевы лиственницы сибирской в естественном очаге поражения шютте (возбудитель – гриб Meria Laricis Vuill.). Первые признаки болезни проявляются на двухлетних сеянцах в конце мая – начале июня. В 2019 году на территории питомника учебно-опытного Пригородного лесхоза Республики Татарстан было проведено изучение влияния фунгицидов и некорневой подкормки на сеянцы лиственницы сибирской. Опыты были заложены в посевах второго года выращивания. Обработку сеянцев фунгицидами «Ракурс, СК», «Азорро, КС» и некорневой обработки препаратами «Эмистим, Р», «Агростимул», «Интермаг» проводили двукратно в течение вегетационного периода – в первой и второй половине июля. Положительный эффект от опрыскивания двухлетних сеянцев наблюдался уже после первой обработки. Наилучший результат был выявлен в варианте с применением стимулятора роста «Эмистим, Р» на фоне фунгицида «Азорро, КС». По состоянию на 27 июня распространенность шютте в этом варианте опыта составила 18,0%, что значительно ниже (на 13,0%) значений контрольного варианта (47,0%). В целом распространенность шютте в контрольном варианте без обработки фунгицидами варьирует в пределах 37,0–47,0%. Самый высокий процент здоровых сеянцев обеспечили варианты с некорневой обработкой различными препаратами на фоне опрыскивания фунгицидами – от 90,0 до 97,0%. The success of the application of plant protection products in many respects depends on the availability of their nutrients. One of the most effective methods is the use of non-root treatment with various drugs, which makes up for the lack of nutrients in critical phases of plant growth and development. In addition, the expediency of their use is determined by a multiple reduction in the consumption rates of expensive fertilizers. The object of the field study is crops of Siberian larch in the natural lesion of Schutte (the pathogen is the fungus Meria Laricis Vuill.). The first signs of the disease appear on two-year-old seedlings in late may or early June. In 2019, the study of the effect of fungicides and non-root feeding on Siberian larch seedlings was carried out on the territory of the nursery of the educational and experimental suburban forestry of the Republic of Tatarstan. The experiments were laid in the crops of the second year of cultivation. Treatment of seedlings with fungicides «Rakurs, SK», «Zorex» and non-root treatment with the drug «Emistim, P», «Agrostimul», «Intermag» was performed twice during the growing season – in the first and second half of July. The positive effect of spraying two-year-old seedlings was observed after the first treatment. The best result was found in the application of growth stimulator «Emistim» against the background of the fungicide «azorro, CS». As of June 27, the prevalence of «Schutte» in this variant of the experiment was 18.0%, which is significantly lower (by 13,0%) than the values of the control variant (47.0%). In General, the prevalence of Schutte in the control version without treatment with fungicides varies between 37.0-47.0%. The highest percentage of healthy seedlings was provided by options with non-root treatment with various drugs on the background of spraying with fungicides-from 90.0 to 97.0%.


Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bourodimos ◽  
Koutsiaras ◽  
Psiroukis ◽  
Balafoutis ◽  
Fountas

Spray drift is one of the most important causes of pollution from plant protection products and it puts the health of the environment, animals, and humans at risk. There is; thus, an urgent need to develop measures for its reduction. Among the factors that affect spray drift are the weather conditions during application of spraying. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a spray drift evaluation tool based on an existing model by TOPPS-Prowadis to improve the process of plant protection products’ application and to mitigate spray drift for specific meteorological conditions in Greece that are determined, based on weather forecast, by reassessing the limits for wind speed and direction, temperature, and air relative humidity set in the tool. The new limits were tested by conducting experimental work in the vineyard of the Agricultural University of Athens with a trailed air-assisted sprayer for bush and tree crops, using the ISO 22866:2005 methodology. The results showed that the limits set are consistent with the values of the spray drift measured and follows the tool’s estimates of low, medium, and high risk of spray drift.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasile Botnari ◽  

The Republic of Moldova is in the area of risky agriculture. Limited land and water resources make the food supply vulnerable to extreme weather conditions during the year. In order to increase agricultural production, it is necessary to implement investments in the material - technical and research base, to re-store the irrigation system. Climate change can lead to a decrease in the productivity potential of many crops, requiring a revision of crop rotation with the determination of risk areas, a revision of the spectrum of diseases and pests with the continuous updating of plant protection systems.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Firzinat Davletov ◽  
Il'siyar Ahmadullina ◽  
Fidan Safin ◽  
Karina Gaynullina

The main source of vegetable protein in world production is legumes, including peas (Pisum sativum L.). The creation of new highly productive pea varieties, adapted to local conditions, will solve the problem of food and feed protein. Modern varieties also should be characterized by high homeostaticity and stable productivity in a changing climate. The aim of the study was to study the homeostaticity of pea varieties on the basis of grain yield in the southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The studies were conducted on the experimental field of Soil Science, Botany and Plant Breeding Department at the Educational and Scientific Center of Bashkir State Agrarian University in 2009-2018. The soil of the experimental plot is leached chernozem of heavy loam granulometric composition. During the research years weather conditions were contrasting. The object of the study was the following pea varieties: Chishminsky 95, Chishminsky 229, Aksaysky usatuy 55 and in memory of Khangildin. Grain yield was recorded. The overall homeostaticity of the varieties (Hom) was determined. In our studies, the grain productivity of the studied pea varieties varied greatly from year to year. On average, over 10 years, the varieties Chishminsky 229 and a variety in memory of Khangildin were the most productive, and the least productive was Aksaysky usatuy 55 variety. Data analysis showed that the variety has a limiting effect on crop yield resistance to environmental stress factors. Varieties Chishminsky 229 (Hom = 36.6), in memory of Khangildin (Hom = 36.5) were characterized by the highest index of homeostaticity, and the variety Aksaysky usatuy 55 (Hom = 26.5) was the least. The varieties of Chishminsky 229 (Sc = 3.44), in memory of Khangildin (Sc = 3.35) and Chishminsky 95 (Sc = 3.38) possessed the highest breeding value.


2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
G.V. Volkova ◽  
◽  
I.V. Arinicheva ◽  
I.V. Arinichev ◽  
I.P. Matveeva ◽  
...  

Wheat is the most economically important and valuable food crop cultivated in most regions of the world, and various diseases have a significant impact on yield parameters. Particular attention in wheat protection technologies from phytopathogens is given to rust, since yield losses, depending on the weather conditions of the season and the resistance of the sown varieties, can range from 30 to 100%. The article provides brief information on wheat rust diseases (yellow, brown, stem rust), as well as on current methods of their identification. Accurate and timely identification of rust pathogens is a key step in making decisions on application of plant protection products in the battle against diseases, which prevents their further development, spread and the occurrence of epiphytoties. The article describes the main method for identification and further record of yellow, brown, stem rust - this is a classic phytopathological study based on usage of human resources. The advantage of this method is its accuracy and versatility. Among the drawbacks, one should single out the labor intensity and the need for a staff of qualified phytopathologists. In view of intensive development of computer technologies and agriculture digitalization, the possibility of using machine vision based on programming of neural networks and their training in identifying the main causative agents of diseases is acquiring scientific and practical interest. A promising methodological approach to identification of phytopathogens when providing phytosanitary monitoring and algorithms used for training of neural networks and applied in machine vision technologies are presented.


Author(s):  
Panasyuk, V.

Purpose. Improving the effectiveness of plant protection products when growing crops due to the pneumohydraulic device that ensures their uniform application to the sheet surface. Methods. Analytical and Experimental. Results. Laboratory studies of the process of spraying plants with nozzles with a pneumohydraulic system determined the quality indicators of the process with pressure in injection communication 0.4 MPa – droplet coating density of 19–46 pcs/cm2 for the weighted average droplet diameters in the different experimental variants was within 304–543 microns. These indicators were compared with those for the standard, anti-drift and injection nozzles in which the droplet coating density was 23–59 pcs/cm2 and the weighted average droplet diameters were in the range of 350–485 microns. The obtained analytical dependence of the influence of lateral air flow and air pressure in the pneumohydraulic system on the amount of deposited sprayed liquid. The annual economic effect from the introduction of this technical device with pneumohydraulic spraying system is 10434 UAH. Conclusions 1. The tendencies development technical means of chemical protection plants are determined: the use of sprayers with monodispersed cutting by drops adapted to weather conditions, which allow the operator to work in a wider range of speeds like wind (up to 9 m/s) and the speed of the unit (up to 30 km/h). To improve the quality of spraying, devices with air supply to the nozzles are used to control the dispersion of the spray depending on weather conditions. 2. It was established that with increasing pressure of air from 0.12 MPa there is a decrease in the diameter of the droplets. And at a pressure more than 0.25 MPa, the cutting is equivalent to a standard small-gap slot sprayer. During researches, it was discovered that the air pressure could be influenced by the dispersion of droplet cutting. Keywords: pneumatic hydraulic spray, model sketches, laboratory tests, performance indicators, analytical fluidity, fluid pressure, air pressure.


2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Natalia Kashirskaya ◽  
Andrei Kuzin ◽  
Anna Kochkina

The caterpillars of this codling moth can damage up to 90% of fruits during mass reproduction. Changing weather conditions contribute to increasing the harmfulness of the primary pest of the apple tree. The research was carried out to select modern plant protection products with high biological efficiency to control codling moths and increase the productivity of the apple orchard. The research was carried out in the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Centre apple orchard. We studied the efficiency of plant protection products on apple cultivars immune to scab: ‘Akademik Kazakov,’ ‘Vympel,’ ‘Bylina,’ ‘Rozhdestvenskoye,’ ‘Fregat.’ The efficiency of these preparations was studied with low application rates to reduce the fruit damages by codling moth. The values of fruit damage in control without treatment during the years of the research as the result of vital pest activity: Generation 1: 4.9-17.8%; Generation 2: 5.4-16.3%. In the experiment treatment, Generation 1 damaged 0.24-1.50%, and Generation 2 injured 0.36-1.60% of fruits. The biological efficiency of the experimental treatment was high and reached controlling Generation 1: 91.0-98.5%, Generation 2: 90.0-96.0%. The average yield in the experimental treatment was 29.4 kg tree−1 with a share of first-grade fruits 85-90% (2019) and 39.4 kg tree−1, 90-91% (2020).


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szwedziak ◽  
Żaneta Grzywacz ◽  
Sławomir Tomaszewski

Production of plant protection products is one of the most innovative branches of the chemical industry for agriculture requiring considerable financial outlays, which is associated with the needs of farmers. This is because the intention of farmers is to obtain higher yields and search for substances with properties independent of weather conditions and active for a longer time.  In the paper, an innovative technology for the production of suspensions, using a pearl mill, which are applied as a carrier of the active ingredient in plant protection products, has been presented. The pearl mill proposed in the research work, in which its parameters are presented, is used to prepare suspensions that are applied for the production of fungicides. In the production of plant protection products it is important that the parameters of the substrates comply with the guidelines regulated by law. The tests were conducted in accordance with good practices according to the CIPAK method, using liquid chromatography.


2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Марсель Ахметзянов ◽  
Marsel Akhmetzyanov

The research was carried out on the experimental field of the General Agriculture, Plant protection and Selection Department of Kazan State Agrarian University by bookmarking a long-term in-patient experience. Research was conducted on two bookmarks of the stationary experience of General Agriculture Department in the links of the crop rotation of fallows - winter rye. The following issues were laid and studied at the station: crop rotations, nutrition backgrounds, soil cultivation. One of the tasks, set before the research, was to determine the effect of embedding biological agents into the soil on the indices of soil fertility and on crop yields in crop rotations. Nutrients contributed to the formation of a higher crop, even in the absence of fertilizers, for example, the straw yield was generated 22.5 centner per hectare, and with the use of intermediate syderat - 23.6, while without biogenes - 20.08 centner per hectare. A comparatively high yield was obtained with the use of siderate for a combined treatment system - 26.7 centner per hectare. When the estimated doses of mineral fertilizers were applied into the soil in terms of biologic background, the winter rye productivity increased even further, the increase to the background without fertilizers was 9.6-14.0 centner per hectare.


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