scholarly journals The substantiation of the technical solution for improving the application of chemical plant protection products using pneumohydraulic sprayers

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Panasyuk, V.
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Methods Analytical

Purpose. Improving the effectiveness of plant protection products when growing crops due to the pneumohydraulic device that ensures their uniform application to the sheet surface. Methods. Analytical and Experimental. Results. Laboratory studies of the process of spraying plants with nozzles with a pneumohydraulic system determined the quality indicators of the process with pressure in injection communication 0.4 MPa – droplet coating density of 19–46 pcs/cm2 for the weighted average droplet diameters in the different experimental variants was within 304–543 microns. These indicators were compared with those for the standard, anti-drift and injection nozzles in which the droplet coating density was 23–59 pcs/cm2 and the weighted average droplet diameters were in the range of 350–485 microns. The obtained analytical dependence of the influence of lateral air flow and air pressure in the pneumohydraulic system on the amount of deposited sprayed liquid. The annual economic effect from the introduction of this technical device with pneumohydraulic spraying system is 10434 UAH. Conclusions 1. The tendencies development technical means of chemical protection plants are determined: the use of sprayers with monodispersed cutting by drops adapted to weather conditions, which allow the operator to work in a wider range of speeds like wind (up to 9 m/s) and the speed of the unit (up to 30 km/h). To improve the quality of spraying, devices with air supply to the nozzles are used to control the dispersion of the spray depending on weather conditions. 2. It was established that with increasing pressure of air from 0.12 MPa there is a decrease in the diameter of the droplets. And at a pressure more than 0.25 MPa, the cutting is equivalent to a standard small-gap slot sprayer. During researches, it was discovered that the air pressure could be influenced by the dispersion of droplet cutting. Keywords: pneumatic hydraulic spray, model sketches, laboratory tests, performance indicators, analytical fluidity, fluid pressure, air pressure.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Permeation Properties of Membrane Filters and Sorption Properties of Sorbents Used for Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazushi Noro ◽  
Yoshinori Yabuki ◽  
Arisa Banno ◽  
Junko Ono ◽  
Satoshi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Oasis Hlb ◽  
Hydrophilic Compounds ◽  
Permeation Properties

<p>Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) are promising devices for measuring time-weighted average concentrations of hydrophilic compounds in aquatic environments. However, the mechanism of POCIS uptake remains unclear. This study characterizes the permeation properties of polyethersulfone and polytetrafluoroethylene and the sorption properties of Oasis HLB (Waters), Envi-Carb (Supelco), and Oasis WAX (Waters) under identical conditions via calibration experiments of the POCIS. Plant protection products, neonicotinoid herbicides, and linear alkyl benzene sulfonates (LAS) were tested. The permeation experimental results suggested that the penetration rate constants (<i>k</i><sub>m</sub>) with high <i>K</i><sub>ow</sub> values (<i>K</i><sub>ow</sub>: octanol–water partition coefficient) were low, which indicated that the sorption of chemicals on the membrane may constitute a limiting factor for the permeation. The sorption experiments indicated that the sorption rate constants (<i>k</i><sub>s</sub>) depended on the type of sorbent instead of the <i>K</i><sub>ow</sub> values. Low <i>k</i><sub>s</sub>/<i>k</i><sub>m</sub> ratios were obtained for chemicals with low <i>K</i><sub>ow</sub> values, which implied that the POCIS uptake for highly hydrophilic compounds was controlled by both membrane and sorbent kinetics. The <i>k</i><sub>m</sub> and <i>k</i><sub>s</sub> values corresponded to the model and predicted the values of the sampling rates<i> </i>(<i>R</i><sub>s</sub>) for the LAS. These findings revealed the possibility of using <i>k</i><sub>s</sub> and <i>k</i><sub>m</sub> values to predict <i>R</i><sub>s</sub> values.</p>

scholarly journals THE TECHNOLOGY OF CO-CULTURING OF POTATOES WITH HONEY PLANTS AND PROSPECTS OF ITS TECHNICAL SUPPORT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Voiku
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
The European Union

The right way out of the crisis of the agro-based industries is the maximum use of the opportunities of scientific and technological progress and the orientation of the real economy to innovative development. One of the promising technologies of crop production is an innovative technology in potato growing, which provides for the co-culturing of potatoes with honey crops. Phacelia tanacetifolia (PhaceliatanacetifoliaBenth) is selected as honey crop, which is a valuable green manure. It allows to reduce the need for organic and mineral fertilizers, increases the ecological cleanness of products, favors the growth of potato yield, provides the additional honey yield. Phacelia significantly improves the soil structure, displacing a significant part of weeds, providing natural loosening of the soil, protection from drying out, from pests and parasites. The co-culturing of potatoes with phacelia protects the environment from the use of dangerous plant protection products. If the economic effect is defined as the difference between the profits of innovative and traditional technologies, then, according to preliminary calculations, the level of profitability of innovative technology in potato growing is 1.9 times higher, and the profit from 1 ha is 1.6 times higher compared with the traditional technology. Large-scale development of the proposed technology is hampered by the lack of potato planters and seed planters, which provide planting of potatoes and sowing seeds of honey crops simultaneously, in the Russian market and the markets of the European Union. An innovative technology - mounted seeder for potato planters was developed by the staff members of the Pskov State University. The article describes the main agro-technological requirements to this device. A general model and a kinematic scheme were developed to visualize the combination of the working elements of the potato planter and the mounted seeder. The developed model falls into the type of seed planters, which is designed to sowing in drills the seeds of honey crops (phacelia) in the furrow between potatoes at the time of the forthcoming closing of this furrow by soil, and can be used in agricultural engineering. Potential consumers of the proposed innovative technology in potato growing and the developed mounted seeder are farm enterprises and agricultural production cooperatives, which have small plots of land, use crop rotation systems in potato growing, and work for reducing costs and increasing the yield of potato cultivation.

scholarly journals Development and Field Evaluation of a Spray Drift Risk Assessment Tool for Vineyard Spraying Application

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bourodimos ◽  
Koutsiaras ◽  
Psiroukis ◽  
Balafoutis ◽  
Fountas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Evaluation Tool

Spray drift is one of the most important causes of pollution from plant protection products and it puts the health of the environment, animals, and humans at risk. There is; thus, an urgent need to develop measures for its reduction. Among the factors that affect spray drift are the weather conditions during application of spraying. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a spray drift evaluation tool based on an existing model by TOPPS-Prowadis to improve the process of plant protection products’ application and to mitigate spray drift for specific meteorological conditions in Greece that are determined, based on weather forecast, by reassessing the limits for wind speed and direction, temperature, and air relative humidity set in the tool. The new limits were tested by conducting experimental work in the vineyard of the Agricultural University of Athens with a trailed air-assisted sprayer for bush and tree crops, using the ISO 22866:2005 methodology. The results showed that the limits set are consistent with the values of the spray drift measured and follows the tool’s estimates of low, medium, and high risk of spray drift.

scholarly journals WHEAT RUST IDENTIFICATION USING PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND MACHINE VISION TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
G.V. Volkova ◽  
◽  
I.V. Arinicheva ◽  
I.V. Arinichev ◽  
I.P. Matveeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Machine Vision ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Wheat Rust

Wheat is the most economically important and valuable food crop cultivated in most regions of the world, and various diseases have a significant impact on yield parameters. Particular attention in wheat protection technologies from phytopathogens is given to rust, since yield losses, depending on the weather conditions of the season and the resistance of the sown varieties, can range from 30 to 100%. The article provides brief information on wheat rust diseases (yellow, brown, stem rust), as well as on current methods of their identification. Accurate and timely identification of rust pathogens is a key step in making decisions on application of plant protection products in the battle against diseases, which prevents their further development, spread and the occurrence of epiphytoties. The article describes the main method for identification and further record of yellow, brown, stem rust - this is a classic phytopathological study based on usage of human resources. The advantage of this method is its accuracy and versatility. Among the drawbacks, one should single out the labor intensity and the need for a staff of qualified phytopathologists. In view of intensive development of computer technologies and agriculture digitalization, the possibility of using machine vision based on programming of neural networks and their training in identifying the main causative agents of diseases is acquiring scientific and practical interest. A promising methodological approach to identification of phytopathogens when providing phytosanitary monitoring and algorithms used for training of neural networks and applied in machine vision technologies are presented.

scholarly journals Biological efficiency of plant protection products to control codling moth on apple immune cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Natalia Kashirskaya ◽  
Andrei Kuzin ◽  
Anna Kochkina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Mass Reproduction

The caterpillars of this codling moth can damage up to 90% of fruits during mass reproduction. Changing weather conditions contribute to increasing the harmfulness of the primary pest of the apple tree. The research was carried out to select modern plant protection products with high biological efficiency to control codling moths and increase the productivity of the apple orchard. The research was carried out in the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Centre apple orchard. We studied the efficiency of plant protection products on apple cultivars immune to scab: ‘Akademik Kazakov,’ ‘Vympel,’ ‘Bylina,’ ‘Rozhdestvenskoye,’ ‘Fregat.’ The efficiency of these preparations was studied with low application rates to reduce the fruit damages by codling moth. The values of fruit damage in control without treatment during the years of the research as the result of vital pest activity: Generation 1: 4.9-17.8%; Generation 2: 5.4-16.3%. In the experiment treatment, Generation 1 damaged 0.24-1.50%, and Generation 2 injured 0.36-1.60% of fruits. The biological efficiency of the experimental treatment was high and reached controlling Generation 1: 91.0-98.5%, Generation 2: 90.0-96.0%. The average yield in the experimental treatment was 29.4 kg tree−1 with a share of first-grade fruits 85-90% (2019) and 39.4 kg tree−1, 90-91% (2020).

scholarly journals Characterization of the Permeation Properties of Membrane Filters and Sorption Properties of Sorbents Used for Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazushi Noro ◽  
Yoshinori Yabuki ◽  
Arisa Banno ◽  
Junko Ono ◽  
Satoshi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Oasis Hlb ◽  
Hydrophilic Compounds ◽  
Permeation Properties

<p>Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) are promising devices for measuring time-weighted average concentrations of hydrophilic compounds in aquatic environments. However, the mechanism of POCIS uptake remains unclear. This study characterizes the permeation properties of polyethersulfone and polytetrafluoroethylene and the sorption properties of Oasis HLB (Waters), Envi-Carb (Supelco), and Oasis WAX (Waters) under identical conditions via calibration experiments of the POCIS. Plant protection products, neonicotinoid herbicides, and linear alkyl benzene sulfonates (LAS) were tested. The permeation experimental results suggested that the penetration rate constants (<i>k</i><sub>m</sub>) with high <i>K</i><sub>ow</sub> values (<i>K</i><sub>ow</sub>: octanol–water partition coefficient) were low, which indicated that the sorption of chemicals on the membrane may constitute a limiting factor for the permeation. The sorption experiments indicated that the sorption rate constants (<i>k</i><sub>s</sub>) depended on the type of sorbent instead of the <i>K</i><sub>ow</sub> values. Low <i>k</i><sub>s</sub>/<i>k</i><sub>m</sub> ratios were obtained for chemicals with low <i>K</i><sub>ow</sub> values, which implied that the POCIS uptake for highly hydrophilic compounds was controlled by both membrane and sorbent kinetics. The <i>k</i><sub>m</sub> and <i>k</i><sub>s</sub> values corresponded to the model and predicted the values of the sampling rates<i> </i>(<i>R</i><sub>s</sub>) for the LAS. These findings revealed the possibility of using <i>k</i><sub>s</sub> and <i>k</i><sub>m</sub> values to predict <i>R</i><sub>s</sub> values.</p>

scholarly journals Use of a pearl mill for the production of plant protection products

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szwedziak ◽  
Żaneta Grzywacz ◽  
Sławomir Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Good Practices

Production of plant protection products is one of the most innovative branches of the chemical industry for agriculture requiring considerable financial outlays, which is associated with the needs of farmers. This is because the intention of farmers is to obtain higher yields and search for substances with properties independent of weather conditions and active for a longer time.  In the paper, an innovative technology for the production of suspensions, using a pearl mill, which are applied as a carrier of the active ingredient in plant protection products, has been presented. The pearl mill proposed in the research work, in which its parameters are presented, is used to prepare suspensions that are applied for the production of fungicides. In the production of plant protection products it is important that the parameters of the substrates comply with the guidelines regulated by law. The tests were conducted in accordance with good practices according to the CIPAK method, using liquid chromatography.

scholarly journals Soil pest control for maize when applying drip and sprinkler irrigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
F. S. Melnychuk ◽  
S. A. Alekseeva ◽  
O. V. Hordiienko ◽  
L. M. Melnychuk ◽  
K. B. Shatkovska
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Crop Density

In Ukraine, the application of pesticides along with irrigation water (pestigation) is becoming more widespread and popular. The use of insecticides when applying them along with irrigation water on reclamation systems (insecticide method) is a reliable way to reduce the number of dangerous pests. The advantage of this method is the possibility of timely delivery of plant protection products to crops during their critical periods, and rapid application of pesticides regardless of weather conditions. The use of insecticides along with drip irrigation to control owlet moth caterpillars was carried out in the II-III decades of June. The most effective products were: Woliam Flexi 300 SC, Ampligo 150 ZC FC and Enzhio, 247, SC. Among the one-component products reliable protection of crop plants was provided by Actara, 240 SC. Under drip irrigation, owlet moth larvae control proved was rather effective, reaching 85,7-100%. On the variant with the maximum rate of insecticides, the highest efficiency was provided by the preps of Woliam Flexi 300 SC, Ampligo 150 ZC and Enzhio, 247 SC (97,1-100%). Against the larvae of Agriotes the reliable protection of corn when applying insecticides along with drip irrigation, was obtained on the variant with Voliam Flexi 300 SC, KS, where having an application rate of 0,3 l/ha, the protection level was 97,1%. Reduction in the number of owlet moth caterpillars and Agriotes arvae on the variants of the experiment provided crop density and enabled to obtain a higher yield of corn grain. When applying  Woliam Flexi 300 SC, Ampligo 150 ZC and Enzhio, 247 SC, at the maximum application rates, the crop density averaged 84-88 thou /ha. In general, on the variants of the experiment when the maximum rates of multi-agent preps were applied, the maize productivity was 2,0-2,4 t/ha. higher than the figures on the reference variants.

scholarly journals Integrated protection of winter wheat from a complex of harmful causes in european non-chernozem region of the RF

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Yu. Ya. Spiridonov ◽  
A. Т. Kalimullin ◽  
L. D. Protasova ◽  
V. A. Abubikerov ◽  
I. Yu. Spiridonova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Effi Ciency

The results of many years of research on the effectiveness of the integrated use of crop protection means and fertilizers with the application of various tillage systems for cultivation of winter wheat of Moskovskaya variety 39 are presented. The studies were conducted in the European nonchernozem soil of Moscow Region on sod-podzolic medium loamy medium-cultivated soil. It was shown that weeds are mainly represented by broadleaved species with an amount of 270 to 370 pcs/ m2. Among pests, cereal aphids and capsid bugs dominate. Among diseases, Helminthosporium and Fusarium root rot (up to 30–40%) and aerogenic infections – brown leaf rust (15-28%) and leaf spot (17-25%) were noted. Studies showed high individual effectiveness in eliminating harmful causes by using appropriate means of protection – seed disinfectants, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. Weed infestation decreased by 78-85%, root rot development – by 78-81, leaf diseases – by 91-98, pests – by 78-100%. At the same time, the weak effectiveness of the Alto-super fungicide against Septoria and Karate insecticide against wheat thrips was noted. The effect of protective measures on the stored crop was as follows: seed disinfectants – 18%, insecticides – 21, herbicides – 39, fungicides – 22%. The highest economic effect was obtained with the integrated use of plant protection products – up to 1.07 t / ha of grain. At the same time, the quality of grain, content of protein and gluten, and grain class increased. The economic effi ciency of the integrated protection system ranged from 4.7 to 8.1 roubles for each rouble spent. The best result in terms of economic effi ciency was obtained with moldboard tillage and the use of a full dose of NPK90 mineral fertilizers and a full integrated protection scheme.

scholarly journals Winter rye yield depending on the types of fallows

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00100
Author(s):  
Albert Kuzminykh ◽  
Sergey Novoselov ◽  
Roman Eremeev
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soil Microbiological Activity

Winter rye is of great importance in strengthening and developing the grain economy of the Non-Chernozem region of Russia. In recent years, due to the high cost of fertilizers and plant protection products, agricultural producers have begun to pay more attention to the biologization of agriculture. One of the main means of biologizing agriculture is the use of sideration. The article presents the results of the research on the influence of pure, green-manured and occupied fallows on the growth and development of winter rye, crop contamination, soil microbiological activity and grain yield in the eastern part of the Volga- Vyatka zone. It was revealed that the weather conditions of the growing season of the Republic of Mari El allowed the cultivation of winter rye on the green-manured fallow. With timely plowing of siderite, the amount of productive moisture in the soil before sowing winter crops is sufficient. The use of sideration improves the phytosanitary state of the agrocenosis – the contamination of winter rye crops when cultivated with green-manured fallow is significantly lower in comparison with cultivation with occupied fallow. Being a valuable food and energy material for the soil microflora, the plowed organic mass of green fertilizers contributes to a significant increase in the microbiological activity of the soil. The replacement of pure and occupied fallow with green-manured fallow cultivation of winter rye on this fallow allows you to get a significant increase in grain yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document