scholarly journals Achievements in the development of plasmonic waveguide sensors for measuring the refractive index

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.L. Kazanskiy ◽  
M.A. Butt ◽  
S.A. Degtyarev ◽  
S.N. Khonina
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fluorescent Labeling ◽  
Silicon Waveguides ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Metal Insulator Metal ◽  
Refractive Index Sensors

Optical sensors are widely used in the biomedical, chemical and food industries. They provide high sensitivity to changes in the refractive index of the environment due to a specific distribution of resonances across the field. The sensitivity of the sensor is highly dependent on its material and structure. In this review, we focused on the analysis of silicon waveguides as a promising component for optical sensor miniaturization, and plasmon refractive index sensors without fluorescent labeling. We presented the latest developments of special types of plasmon structures, such as metal-insulator-metal waveguides, and their application in refractive index sensors. We analyzed numerous types of plasmon waveguides, their geometry, materials and manufacturing processes, as well as possible energy losses. A discussion of the spectral characteristics of recently proposed refractive index sensors, with an emphasis on their sensitivity and quality indicators, is an important part of the review.

scholarly journals Metal-insulator-metal nanoresonators – strongly confined modes for high surface sensitivity

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1547-1552
Author(s):  
George Duffett ◽  
Ralph Wirth ◽  
Mathieu Rayer ◽  
Emiliano R. Martins ◽  
Thomas F. Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
Surface Sensitivity ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Metal Insulator Metal ◽  
Spatially Extended ◽  
Extended Surface ◽  
Refractive Index Sensors

AbstractPhotonic and plasmonic refractive index sensors are able to detect increasingly smaller refractive index changes and concentrations of clinically relevant substances. They typically exploit optical resonances and aim to maximise the field overlap with the analyte in order to achieve high sensitivity. Correspondingly, they operate on the basis of maximizing the bulk sensitivity, which favours spatially extended modes. We note that this strategy, counter-intuitively, is not necessarily suitable for detecting biomolecules and one should focus on the surface sensitivity instead. Here, we show that by confining light tightly in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nanoresonators, the surface sensitivity is significantly increased despite a clear decrease in bulk sensitivity. In particular, we experimentally show the operation of third order MIM resonators which support both extended surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes and localized MIM modes. We are able to demonstrate that the MIM mode has a sensitivity of 55 nm/RIU to a 10 nm layer, which is approximately twice as high as that of the SPP mode. Overall, our work emphasizes the importance of the surface sensitivity over the more commonly used bulk sensitivity and it shows a novel approach for improving it. These insights are highly relevant for the design of next generation optical biosensors.

Independently tunable dual resonant dip refractive index sensor based on metal-insulator-metal waveguide with Q-shaped resonant cavity

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowen Chen ◽  
Yunping Qi ◽  
Jinghui Ding ◽  
Yujiao Yuan ◽  
Zhenting Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Resonant Cavity ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
Metal Waveguide ◽  
Metal Insulator Metal ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Refractive Index Sensors

Abstract A plasmonic resonator system consisting of a metal-insulator-metal waveguide and a Q-shaped resonant cavity is proposed in this paper. The transmission properties of surface plasmon polaritons in this structure are investigated using the finite difference in time domain (FDTD) method, and the simulation results contain two resonant dips. And the physical mechanism is studied by the multimode interference coupled mode theory (MICMT), the theoretical results are in highly consistent with the simulation results. Furthermore, the parameters of the Q-shaped cavity can be controlled to adjust two dips respectively. The refractive index sensor with a sensitivity of 1578nm/RIU and figure of merit (FOM) of 175, performs better than most of the similar structures. Therefore, the results of the study are instructive for the design and application of high sensitivity nanoscale refractive index sensors.

scholarly journals Study on the Nanosensor Based on a MIM Waveguide with a Stub Coupled with a Horizontal B-Type Cavity

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Shubin Yan ◽  
Haoran Shi ◽  
Xiaoyu Yang ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Wenchang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Plasmonic Sensors ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Metal Insulator Metal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mim Waveguide

Due to their compact size and high sensitivity, plasmonic sensors have become a hot topic in the sensing field. A nanosensor structure, comprising the metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide with a stub and a horizontal B-Type cavity, is designed as a refractive index sensor. The spectral characteristics of proposed structure are analyzed via the finite element method (FEM). The results show that there is a sharp Fano resonance profile, which is excited by a coupling between the MIM waveguide and the horizontal B-Type cavity. The normalized HZ field is affected by the difference value between the outer radii R1 and R2 of the semi-circle of the horizontal B-Type cavity greatly. The influence of every element of the whole system on sensing properties is discussed in depth. The sensitivity of the proposed structure can obtain 1548 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) with a figure of merit of 59. The proposed structure has potential in nanophotonic sensing applications.

Strain, torsion and refractive index sensors based on helical long period fibre grating inscribed in small-core fibre for structural condition monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1248-1255
Author(s):  
Cailing Fu ◽  
Yi-Qing Ni ◽  
Tong Sun ◽  
Yiping Wang ◽  
Siqi Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Core Diameter ◽  
Small Core ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Core Fibre ◽  
Refractive Index Sensors

This study is intended to develop long period fibre grating sensors for potential applications in environmental and durability monitoring of coastal structures. High-quality helical long period fibre gratings (HLPFGs) are inscribed in different types of small-core single mode fibre (SMF) by use of hydrogen-oxygen flame heating technique. A detailed investigation of the effect of core diameter on their transmission spectrum and optimum length of the HLPFG has been pursued. A longer length is required to achieve the same coupling attenuation in a smaller-core SMF than that of a larger-core fibre. The strain, torsion and refractive index (RI) properties of the HLPFG is investigated experimentally to develop a high-sensitivity sensor. The experimental results show that the strain sensitivity could be enhanced by means of employing a larger-core diameter SMF. Moreover, the HLFPGs are also sensitive to the torsion and external RI. Hence, such HLFPGs have great potential for sensing applications.

scholarly journals Improved Refractive Index-Sensing Performance of Multimode Fano-Resonance-Based Metal-Insulator-Metal Nanostructures

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2097
Author(s):  
Yuan-Fong Chou Chau ◽  
Chung-Ting Chou Chao ◽  
Siti Zubaidah Binti Haji Jumat ◽  
Muhammad Raziq Rahimi Kooh ◽  
Roshan Thotagamuge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Fano Resonance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Metal Nanostructures ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metal Insulator Metal ◽  
Mode 2

This work proposed a multiple mode Fano resonance-based refractive index sensor with high sensitivity that is a rarely investigated structure. The designed device consists of a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide with two rectangular stubs side-coupled with an elliptical resonator embedded with an air path in the resonator and several metal defects set in the bus waveguide. We systematically studied three types of sensor structures employing the finite element method. Results show that the surface plasmon mode’s splitting is affected by the geometry of the sensor. We found that the transmittance dips and peaks can dramatically change by adding the dual air stubs, and the light–matter interaction can effectively enhance by embedding an air path in the resonator and the metal defects in the bus waveguide. The double air stubs and an air path contribute to the cavity plasmon resonance, and the metal defects facilitate the gap plasmon resonance in the proposed plasmonic sensor, resulting in remarkable characteristics compared with those of plasmonic sensors. The high sensitivity of 2600 nm/RIU and 1200 nm/RIU can simultaneously achieve in mode 1 and mode 2 of the proposed type 3 structure, which considerably raises the sensitivity by 216.67% for mode 1 and 133.33% for mode 2 compared to its regular counterpart, i.e., type 2 structure. The designed sensing structure can detect the material’s refractive index in a wide range of gas, liquids, and biomaterials (e.g., hemoglobin concentration).

scholarly journals Sensing Features of the Fano Resonance in an MIM Waveguide Coupled with an Elliptical Ring Resonant Cavity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5096
Author(s):  
Hao Su ◽  
Shubin Yan ◽  
Xiaoyu Yang ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Jinxi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Fano Resonance ◽  
Resonant Cavity ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Elliptical Ring ◽  
Metal Insulator Metal ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Mim Waveguide

In this article, a novel refractive index sensor composed of a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide with two rectangular stubs coupled with an elliptical ring resonator is proposed, the geometric parameters of which are controlled at a few hundreds of nanometer size. The transmission feature of the structure was studied by the finite element method based on electronic design automation (EDA) software COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 (Stockholm, Sweden). The rectangular stub resonator can be thought of as a Fabry–Perot (FP) cavity, which can facilitate the Fano resonance. The simulation results reveal that the structure has a symmetric Lorentzian resonance, as well as an ultrasharp and asymmetrical Fano resonance. By adjusting the geometrical parameters, the sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) of the structure can be optimized flexibly. After adjustments and optimization, the maximum sensitivity can reach up to 1550 nm/RIU (nanometer/Refractive Index Unit) and its FOM is 43.05. This structure presented in this article also has a promising application in highly integrated medical optical sensors to detect the concentration of hemoglobin and monitor body health.

scholarly journals Fano Resonance in an Asymmetric MIM Waveguide Structure and Its Application in a Refractive Index Nanosensor

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Wang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Yifei Wang ◽  
Ruijuan Zhao ◽  
Shubin Yan
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Fano Resonance ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Optical Integrated Circuits ◽  
Metal Insulator Metal ◽  
Calculation Results

Herein, the design for a tunable plasmonic refractive index nanosensor is presented. The sensor is composed of a metal–insulator–metal waveguide with a baffle and a circular split-ring resonator cavity. Analysis of transmission characteristics of the sensor structures was performed using the finite element method, and the influence of the structure parameters on the sensing characteristics of the sensor is studied in detail. The calculation results show that the structure can realize dual Fano resonance, and the structural parameters of the sensor have different effects on Fano resonance. The peak position and the line shape of the resonance can be adjusted by altering the sensitive parameters. The maximum value of structural sensitivity was found to be 1114.3 nm/RIU, with a figure of merit of 55.71. The results indicate that the proposed structure can be applied to optical integrated circuits, particularly in high sensitivity nanosensors.

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