scholarly journals Composition of the Council of Ministers of ASSR at a time of reform of 1985–1991: changes and main features (on the example of Mordovia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
E. N. Bikeykin ◽  
P. S. Uchvatov
Keyword(s):  
Central Committee ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
Central State ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Supreme Council ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
First Session

In the article the senior management of the regional executive and administrative authority as an example of the supreme body of State governance of an autonomous republic the Council of Ministers of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic is considered. The changes in the Council of Ministers in the last years of the existence of the USSR is analyzed. The reforms initiated by the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee M.S. Gorbachev affected practically all sectors of society, including the functioning of public administration. Meanwhile, the system of power in Mordovia had some peculiarities, largely associated with the conservatism and external cohesion of the regional elites, which have had to respond to processes in the country at the same time. In the chronological period selected in the article, there were two compositions of the Council of Ministers, which were formed on March 15, 1985 at the first session of the MASSR Supreme Council of the 11th convocation and on April 10, 1990 at the first session of the MASSR Supreme Council of the 12th convocation. The authors provide information about age, social origin, nationality, educational level, tenure for members of the MASSR Government. In preparing the article, materials from the funds of the Central State Archives of the Republic of Mordovia, the regional press, published memoirs of participants in the events, as well as biographical information about the Soviet, Party and economic leaders from open sources were used.

scholarly journals THE ANTI-SOVIET MOOD OF URBAN POPULATION OF IZMAIL REGION OF UKRAINIAN SSR IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD (1944–1954)

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
O. Iliin
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Central State ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Post War ◽  
State Archives

The work researches essential reasons for spreading anti-Soviet public sentiments among local inhabitants of Izmail Region, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the post-war period, describes their specific features and forms of counteraction to Soviet reformation and Communist totalitarian regime. Source basis of the said research is represented by documents of the Central State Archives of Public Organizations of Ukraine and the State Archives of Odessa Region. General reports and statements of activities from Regional Attorney Office Fund, SAOR, as well, as statistics data, reports and accounts in cases of special jurisdiction of Regional Attorney Office. Furthermore, reports of Soviet Administration and Communist Party figures, special notifications referring to armed force censorship, reports by PCHA about local inhabitants' sentiments, documentation describing the course of operation of kulaks' deportation. Documentation of Organization and Instruction Section of Communist Party of Ukraine Central Committee, CSAPO fund was also used: reports about the activities of military section of Communist Party Regional Committee, internal memoranda, statements of completed work. Special attention has been paid to review of display of discontent in matters of religious policy, particularly, activities of underground religious associations. Author also describes resistance of the local population to mobilization to Soviet industrial enterprises, specified number of deserters from enterprises of military industry. Author also revealed and described social and political sentiments in the first months of Soviet power implementation and changes in such sentiments which occurred due to drop in social standards and housing problems. It was discovered also that illegal actions of local Communist Party and Soviet Administration and individual public figures formed additional factors, which contributed to popular discontent.

Soviet Inturist and Foreign Travel to the Latvian SSR in the Post-Stalin Era: A Case of Ethnic Tourism

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-62
Author(s):  
Ieva Zake
Keyword(s):  
Central Administration ◽  
Central State ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Ussr Council ◽  
Ethnic Tourism ◽  
Stalin Era ◽  
Foreign Tourism ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Council Of Ministers

This article shows that foreign tourism to the USSR from the 1950s on evolved from a political propaganda tool into what is defined in tourism studies as “ethnic tourism.” Ethnic tourism designates a type of exposure that centers on experiencing a different and presumably “authentic” ethnic culture. This change in the nature of Soviet foreign tourism was particularly explicit in the ways the Soviet authorities organized and framed travel to peripheries such as the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic for the sake of earning profit for the Soviet state. As tourism to Latvia increased and drew a larger and more diverse tourist population, the ethnic uniqueness of Latvians and their culture took precedence over demonstrations of the general superiority of Communist society. These arguments are substantiated with archival materials from the Riga branch of Inturist (the Central Administration of Foreign Tourism under the USSR Council of Ministers) stored in Latvia's Central State Archives in Riga.

scholarly journals Organization of Oral Advertising and Agitation in the Years of the Great Patriotic War (On Materials of North Ossetia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-373
Author(s):  
Ruslan G. Bimbasov
Keyword(s):  
Population Group ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Central State ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Party State

This author examines the activities of Soviet party-state bodies in the field of propaganda among the population in the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (North Ossetia) during the Great Patriotic War. Propaganda is effective when its message is deeply rooted in the consciousness of the population group to which it is addressed. For this reason the media and the organizations of oral propaganda of North Ossetia sought to get the most accurate information on the particular group that was called upon to fulfill wartime tasks. The author used various types of sources, including documents from the Central State Archive of the Republic of North Ossetia that are here first introduced into scientific circulation. The paper identifies the directions of party-state bodies in organizing propaganda on the territory of the republic in 1941-1945, and it assesses the degree of their effectiveness. While the outbreak of the war led to an expansion of propaganda, there was an acute shortage of specialists in various fields of life, including in propaganda work among the civilian population. The paper reveals the main methods of forming the image of the enemy by propaganda bodies and the media. The author concludes that the activities of the propaganda apparatus in the republic during the War had a direct impact on public consciousness and contributed to the consolidation of the region's population in the fight against the enemy, and to overcoming the difficulties of the War years.

scholarly journals Kampaņa pret abstrakcionismu un formālismu 1963. gadā. Latvijas Padomju rakstnieku savienības valdes nostāja

Letonica ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Madara Eversone
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
The State ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Local Organization ◽  
Nikita Khrushchev ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
State Archives

Between 1962 and 1963 the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev launched several campaigns against abstractionists and formalists in Moscow, thus marking the end of the so-called Thaw throughout the Soviet Union. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Latvia also started a campaign against national abstractionists and formalists. On the 22nd and 28th of March 1963 the works of the new poets Vizma Belševica, Monta Kroma, Ojārs Vācietis as well as writer Ēvalds Vilks came under the criticism cross-fire at the Intelligentsia Meeting of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. After the criticism from the Communist Party the above mentioned authors also had to be discussed at the Board meetings of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union and the local organization meetings of the Party. The article examines the attitude of the Board of Soviet Writers’ Union towards the campaign initiated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Latvia in March 1963 by looking at the documents of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union and the Union’s local organization of the Communist Party that are available at the State Archives of Latvia. Crucial and artistic aspects of the works of the above-mentioned authors have not been included in the analysis. Examining the debates that evolved in the Writers’ Union within the ideological campaign, it is possible to state that the Board, which was loyal to the Communist Party, kept its official stance in line with the Party principles, hereafter paying special attention to the ideologically artistic achievements of particular authors. Generally, the position of the Board of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union in respect to the criticized authors can be evaluated as passive, because no repressions were carried out against the new authors and no creative activities were completely suspended by the Board. The campaign of 1963 strongly demonstrates the differences between the generations and the views of the writers. It also reveals the older generation’s struggle for keeping their position and prestige in the field of literature while the younger generation took an increasing opposition.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF THE SUPPLY OF PARTISANS AND UNDERGROUNDERS OF THE CRIMEA WITH THE HELP OF AVIATION IN 1941-1944

2022 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Вячеслав Александрович Иванов
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Military Command ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Military

Статья посвящена проблеме анализа материально-технического обеспечения в годы Великой Отечественной войны партизан и подпольщиков Крыма, которая недостаточно изучена в отечественной историографии. На основе вводимых в научный оборот неопубликованных материалов из фондов Государственного архива Республики Крым автор исследует причины, побудившие Совет Народных Комиссаров Крымской АССР и военное командование Северо-Кавказского фронта организовать помощь «народным мстителям». В статье рассмотрены основные мероприятия Крымского обкома ВКП(б) по оказанию помощи антифашистскому сопротивлению: подготовка баз снабжения, авиационной техники, летного состава, подвоз продовольствия, организация аэродромов. Акцентируется внимание на факторе содействия советских ВВС в перевозке участников разведывательно-диверсионных и подпольных организаций с баз Северного Кавказа на территорию оккупированного Крыма и в передаче секретной информации в расположение советского командования. Автор приходит к выводу, что благодаря проводимым советским руководством мероприятиям был организован мощный воздушный мост между Северным Кавказом и партизанскими базами Крыма. Это позволило обеспечить партизан и подпольщиков Крыма необходимыми запасами продовольствия, медикаментов, оружия, боеприпасов в переломный момент Великой Отечественной войны. The paper is devoted to the problem of analyzing the material support during the Great Patriotic War of the partisans and underground fighters of the Crimea, which has not been sufficiently studied in Russian historiography. On the basis of unpublished materials from the funds of the State Archives of the Republic of Crimea introduced into scientific circulation, the author examines the reasons that prompted the Council of People’s Commissars of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the military command of the North Caucasian Front to organize the help for the “people’s avengers”. The publication discusses the main activities of the Crimean Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks to provide assistance to the anti-fascist Resistance: the preparation of supply bases, aircraft, flight personnel, the supply of food, the organization of airfields. Attention is focused on the factor of assistance of the Soviet Air Force in the transportation of members of reconnaissance, sabotage and underground organizations from the bases of the North Caucasus to the territory of the occupied Crimea, and in the transfer of classified information to the location of the Soviet command. The author arrives at the conclusion that thanks to the measures carried out by the Soviet leadership, a powerful air bridge was organized between the North Caucasus and the partisan airfields of the Crimea. This made it possible to provide the partisans and underground fighters of the Crimea with the necessary supplies of food, medicines, weapons, ammunition at the turning point of the Great Patriotic War.

scholarly journals Quantitative Aspects of Evacuation of Internal Affairs Bodies Officers to the Mordovian ASSR in 1941

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-278
Author(s):  
Eduard D. Bogatyrev ◽  
Sergey V. Kistanov
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Central State ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
State Security ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Republic

Introduction. In the face of the loss of vast territories at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, human resources, including the NKVD and the NKGB staff became the most important value, which were supposed to fight against violations of law and ensure state security in new places. The purpose of the article is to study the quantitative and qualitative composition of officers of the internal affairs and security bodies which were evacuated to the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from the Union republics of the USSR in July – October 1941. Materials and Methods. The source base of the study was made up of materials extracted from the fund of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Mordovian ASSR of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia. The methodology of the work is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, historical-genetic and idiographic methods, as well as quantitative analysis. Results. In the course of the study data was analyzed on where the evacuated personnel of law enforcement officers came to the MASSR, as well as the dynamics of the arrival of the evacuees by months, the timing of their stay on the territory of Mordovia. Discussion and Conclusion. The Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in July – October 1941 of the Great Patriotic War deployed on its territory 1 868 officers of internal affairs and state security agencies and their family members. The largest number of officers of the internal affairs and state security bodies came from the Ukrainian SSR; in second place was the Byelorussian SSR, in third one – the Lithuanian USSR. Much smaller number of employees were evacuated to Mordovia from the Latvian, Estonian, Moldavian and Karelo-Finnish Union republics. Many officers of the internal affairs and state security bodies were evacuated to the MASSR worked together at their former places of service. It could have a positive effect on the effective work of the newly reconstructed structures in the long run. Most of the officers of the bodies stayed on the territory of the MASSR for two months, after which they were sent to new places of service.

scholarly journals Construction Management South-Ukrainian and North-Crimean channels in 1950−1953

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Pavlo Viktorovych Satskyi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Council Of Ministers

In the current article the analysis of the mechanisms of the providing of management of the building process of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean channels in the command-administrative system of USSR during the late Stalinist period has been made. The building of Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimea channels had a particular political value for USSR in the beginning of 1950s, while the realization of this project was supposed to create the prerequisites for the economic development of the Southern regions of Ukraine (until 1954) and the Northern regions of the Crimea. The General Directorate 'Ukrvodstroy" of the Ministry of Cotton of USSR was supposed to be responsible for the building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean channels. However, the Ministry of Cotton as well as other union ministries turned out to be ineffective in the process of administering of "communism construction". On the other hand, the Council of Ministers of Ukrainian SSR and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union were very effective in providing of the building of the Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean channels. Due to the effective activity of the leadership of Ukrainian SSR related to the providing of the building of Southern-Ukrainian and Northern-Crimean channels, the revival of the social-economic development of the Crimea took place, particularly in the far end regions of the Crimea it happened due to the development of capital investments required for the program of channels building. Thus, the Council of Ministers of Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Central Committee of Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine was actively expanding its territory competence on the territory of the Crimea.

scholarly journals Activities of Consulates of Socialist Countries in Kyiv (Late 1940s – 1980s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-112
Author(s):  
Iryna Matiash ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
State Government ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Foreign Missions ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

The purpose of the study is to clarify the main activities of foreign consulates in Kyiv in the period after World War II to the restoration of state independence of Ukraine in 1991 and to determine the features of their interaction with public authorities and NGOs of the Ukrainian SSR. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientificity, historicism, systematization. General scientific and special scientific methods are used, in particular archival heuristics, potestar imagology, prosopography. The scientific novelty of the research results consists in the reconstruction of activities of foreign consulates in Kyiv during the researched period, the creation of a collective portrait of foreign representatives in Kyiv, the clarification of the personalities of consuls general and features of their interaction with the state government and public organizations of the Ukrainian SSR based on the archival information found in published and unpublished sources by the author. Conclusions: The right of the Ukrainian SSR to foreign policy was restored on February 1, 1944, but the Soviet leadership did not intend to give the republic real powers. This decision was due to the desire of the USSR to get the opportunity for the largest possible representation in the emerging UN. The center of the formation of organizational and legal bases of the interaction of the Ukrainian foreign policy department was the Soviet People's Commissariat (later - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), the Central Committee of the CPU exercised control over the implementation of the center's decisions. In the cities of destination, foreign missions were under the triple supervision of the foreign ministry, party bodies and the soviet KGB structures, which led to their balancing between official cooperation and veiled ideological confrontation. Given the subordinate status of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, there were established not diplomatic missions (embassies), but consular offices (consulates general and consulates) in its administrative center Kyiv. Foreign consuls were mostly career diplomats with work or study experience in the USSR or party workers

Resettlement Processes in the Ukrainian SSR during the Holodomor (1932–34)

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-99
Author(s):  
Olesia Rozovyk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Power ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Federative Socialist Republic

This article, based on archival documents, reveals resettlement processes in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1932–34, which were conditioned by the repressive policy of the Soviet power. The process of resettlement into those regions of the Soviet Ukraine where the population died from hunger most, and which was approved by the authorities, is described in detail. It is noted that about 90,000 people moved from the northern oblasts of the Ukrainian SSR to the southern part of the republic. About 127,000 people arrived in Soviet Ukraine from the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) and the western oblasts of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). The material conditions of their residence and the reasons for the return of settlers to their previous places of inhabitance are described. I conclude that the resettlement policy of the authorities during 1932–34 changed the social and national composition of the eastern and southern oblasts of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Compartment optics for the development of personal correspondents

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
В.О. Піскун
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Fourth Power ◽  
Central State ◽  
Party Leadership ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
The Media ◽  
State Archives

Mass media play a significant role in society, performing the role of "fourth power". The format of relations between the media and society is made in accordance with the political regime. In the conditions of a totalitarian state, which was the USSR, the media were always at the center of attention, because it was they who provided an ideological basis for the ruling political party and the vigilance of the journalist staff was an extremely important part of this "attention". The article attempts to identify the main areas of the CPSU's personnel policy regarding media coverage of journalists, the presence / absence of essential features of party leadership in the staff in general and journalists-specifically, the current assessment of the effectiveness of the Communist Party leadership and its impact on the media. The archival documents of the Central State Archives of Public Associations of Ukraine (Fund of the Central Committee of the CPU) and a number of published documents, sufficiently diverse in their format, were processed: memoranda, information, preparatory documents for plenums, meetings, resolutions of the republican and local party leaders. The conclusions summarize the main historical lessons that will help society, the authorities of today and the media to build relationships that are inherent in the democratic stage of civilization development.

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