scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF THE SUPPLY OF PARTISANS AND UNDERGROUNDERS OF THE CRIMEA WITH THE HELP OF AVIATION IN 1941-1944

2022 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Вячеслав Александрович Иванов
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Military Command ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Military

Статья посвящена проблеме анализа материально-технического обеспечения в годы Великой Отечественной войны партизан и подпольщиков Крыма, которая недостаточно изучена в отечественной историографии. На основе вводимых в научный оборот неопубликованных материалов из фондов Государственного архива Республики Крым автор исследует причины, побудившие Совет Народных Комиссаров Крымской АССР и военное командование Северо-Кавказского фронта организовать помощь «народным мстителям». В статье рассмотрены основные мероприятия Крымского обкома ВКП(б) по оказанию помощи антифашистскому сопротивлению: подготовка баз снабжения, авиационной техники, летного состава, подвоз продовольствия, организация аэродромов. Акцентируется внимание на факторе содействия советских ВВС в перевозке участников разведывательно-диверсионных и подпольных организаций с баз Северного Кавказа на территорию оккупированного Крыма и в передаче секретной информации в расположение советского командования. Автор приходит к выводу, что благодаря проводимым советским руководством мероприятиям был организован мощный воздушный мост между Северным Кавказом и партизанскими базами Крыма. Это позволило обеспечить партизан и подпольщиков Крыма необходимыми запасами продовольствия, медикаментов, оружия, боеприпасов в переломный момент Великой Отечественной войны. The paper is devoted to the problem of analyzing the material support during the Great Patriotic War of the partisans and underground fighters of the Crimea, which has not been sufficiently studied in Russian historiography. On the basis of unpublished materials from the funds of the State Archives of the Republic of Crimea introduced into scientific circulation, the author examines the reasons that prompted the Council of People’s Commissars of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the military command of the North Caucasian Front to organize the help for the “people’s avengers”. The publication discusses the main activities of the Crimean Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks to provide assistance to the anti-fascist Resistance: the preparation of supply bases, aircraft, flight personnel, the supply of food, the organization of airfields. Attention is focused on the factor of assistance of the Soviet Air Force in the transportation of members of reconnaissance, sabotage and underground organizations from the bases of the North Caucasus to the territory of the occupied Crimea, and in the transfer of classified information to the location of the Soviet command. The author arrives at the conclusion that thanks to the measures carried out by the Soviet leadership, a powerful air bridge was organized between the North Caucasus and the partisan airfields of the Crimea. This made it possible to provide the partisans and underground fighters of the Crimea with the necessary supplies of food, medicines, weapons, ammunition at the turning point of the Great Patriotic War.

scholarly journals SEPARATED DAGHESTAN NATIONALITIES (THE LEZGINS, THE TSAKHURS, THE AVARS): POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT PATTERN IN THE END OF THE XIX CENTURY THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3/2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
D. Sh. RAMAZANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Xix Century

Being the part of Russia throughout different periods Daghestan had  various administrative and political status (as an oblast being the  part of the empire) an autonomous Republic of the RSFSR (USSR),  as a Republic of the Russian Federation. Upon that, the borders of  Russia as a state were set without regard for the interests of the  nationalities, populating it, but taking into account the interests of  the state exclusively. In the XIX century this policy gave birth to the problem of separation among daghestani nationalities (the  Lezgins, the Tsakhurs, the Avars, the Kumyks) and the Nogais as  well as in 1922-1923 their territory was included on the list of  nationalities – the members of the Daghestan Autonomous Soviet  Socialist Republic, but later it was the issue of exchanges between  the RSFSR subjects. If the problem under discussion was topical  within administrative and territorial borders of the Russian State,  then, by the end of the 20th century it had the status of interstate  problem – the first 3 of the enumerated nationalities were separated  by state borders with the neighboring states of Azerbaijan and the  Republic of Georgia. With the reference to the literary sources and  the results of the demographic census, the author of the article  shows the population changes and the settlement of the Lezgins, the Tsakhurs and the Avars in the Caucasian region in the end of the  20th the beginning of the 21st centuries, continuing the article  serves on the problem of separation among Daghestan nationalities.  In 2011 the problems of the Avars from the Kvarelski region in  Georgia were discussed in the article published in “Izvestya Daghestanskogo Pedagogicheskogo universiteta”, where as  in 2018 the problems of the Nogais, separated by administrative  borders of the Russian Federation subjects on the North Caucasus  were discussed on the pages of the magazine “Society: philosophy,  history, culture”. All the above mentioned ethnic communities are  officially labeled as “title (subject-forming) nationalities” in the  contemporary Republic of Daghestan.

scholarly journals National language issue in Soviet Azerbaijan (1920’s)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Khagan Balayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
National Language ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

On April 28, 1920, the Peoples Republic of Azerbaijan was overthrown as a result of the intrusion of the military forces of Russia and the support of the local communists, the Soviet power was established in Azerbaijan. The Revolutionary Committee of Azerbaijan and the Council of Peoples Commissars continued the language policy of the Peoples Republic of Azerbaijan. On February 28, 1921, the Revolutionary Committee of Azerbaijan issued an instruction on the application of Russian and Turkish as languages for correspondences in the government offices. On June 27, 1924, the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic executed the resolution of the second session of the Central Executive Committee of Transcaucasia and issued a decree “on the application of the official language, of the language of the majority and minority of the population in the government offices of the republic”. Article 1 of the said decree declared that the official language in the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic was Turkish.

scholarly journals Organization of Oral Advertising and Agitation in the Years of the Great Patriotic War (On Materials of North Ossetia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-373
Author(s):  
Ruslan G. Bimbasov
Keyword(s):  
Population Group ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Central State ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Party State

This author examines the activities of Soviet party-state bodies in the field of propaganda among the population in the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (North Ossetia) during the Great Patriotic War. Propaganda is effective when its message is deeply rooted in the consciousness of the population group to which it is addressed. For this reason the media and the organizations of oral propaganda of North Ossetia sought to get the most accurate information on the particular group that was called upon to fulfill wartime tasks. The author used various types of sources, including documents from the Central State Archive of the Republic of North Ossetia that are here first introduced into scientific circulation. The paper identifies the directions of party-state bodies in organizing propaganda on the territory of the republic in 1941-1945, and it assesses the degree of their effectiveness. While the outbreak of the war led to an expansion of propaganda, there was an acute shortage of specialists in various fields of life, including in propaganda work among the civilian population. The paper reveals the main methods of forming the image of the enemy by propaganda bodies and the media. The author concludes that the activities of the propaganda apparatus in the republic during the War had a direct impact on public consciousness and contributed to the consolidation of the region's population in the fight against the enemy, and to overcoming the difficulties of the War years.

“UNBOWED PEOPLE: FROM THE COMMON VICTORY TO THE COMMON HISTORICAL MEMORY”

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-147
Author(s):  
Vadim M. Shneider ◽  
◽  
Inna S. Kondrashova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic

The paper provides a review on the collective monograph “Unbowed рeople: from the common victory to the common historical memory”, which was prepared within the framework of the joint working group of Historians of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors of the book are historians, archivists and museum workers from Russia, Kazakh- stan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. The monograph is divided into seven chap- ters, each of them includes scientific articles, united by a common theme. In the First chapter, articles that are concerned with various sources of information about the Great Patriotic War are presented. The Second chapter includes ar- ticles studying the situation on the fronts of the war. The Third chapter unites the articles which show the situation in the occupied territories during the war. The Fourth chapter presents articles about the process of evacuation of people and industrial enterprises from the western part of the USSR to the Central Asian republics and the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The Fifth chapter brings together articles on a wide range of issues related to the rear and home front workers. The Sixth chapter includes articles, touching on the theme of rebuilding cities damaged during the war, the revival of the Soviet economy and issues associated with the system of checking prisoners of war returned to the Soviet Union after liberation. The Seventh chapter brings together the articles of researchers dedicated to the key features of the historical memory of the inhabitants of various regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. Publication of the collective monograph “Unbowed рeople: from the common victory to the common historical memory” became an important event for the historical community of Russia, Kazakhstan and other countries that were part of the USSR during the war. A distinctive characteristic of the book is a detailed and objective study of both the tragic and heroic events that influenced the course of the war. The articles indicate that the Great Patriotic War holds a special place in the memory of the inhabitants of the post-Soviet countries, because the tragedy of the war touched every family. Collective monograph “Unbowed people. From a common victory to a common historical memory” is an example of successful interaction of researchers from the post-Soviet states and it can be relevant as a schoolbook, as well as used in the preparation of courses on Russian history for students of humanitarian universities.

RUSSIAN SCIENTISTS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRODUCTIVE FORCES OF DAGESTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY - 1930s

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Bashir B. Bulatov ◽  
Medzhid Sh. Huseynov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Great Work ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The article examines the great work of Russian scientists in Dagestan since the middle of the 19th century. Despite the military actions taking place in the North Caucasus, scientists conducted exploration work of oil fields and other productive forces here. During this period, Professor and then Academician G. Abikh wrote scientific works on the natural resources of Dagestan. Subsequently, his discoveries were confirmed by the most prominent scientists. In the article, we note the great work carried out by professors D. V. Golubyatnikov, K. P. Kalitsky and other scientists in the investigation of the oil-bearing regions of Dagestan. As a result of their activities, the “Dagestanskiye Ogni” plant appeared, new oil regions in the Republic.

scholarly journals A.Sh. Kabirova (Asylgaraeva) – researcher of Tatarstan women’s contribution to Victory during the war of 1941–1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Valery F. Telishev ◽  
◽  
Vasil T. Sakaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Gender Aspect

The article discusses the characterization of A.Sh. Kabirova (Asylgaraeva)’s formation as a researcher at the first stage of her academic biography. The paper shows the scholar’s contribution to the study of the problems of the the Great Patriotic War social history, primarily its gender aspect. The process of writing and defending A.Sh. Kabirova’s Ph.D. dissertation on the topic “Women of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945” is depicted. A description of the significant work accomplished by the researcher is given and its features are indicated. The article was written based on personal memoirs and materials preserved in V.F. Telishev’s personal archive. The paper presents serious work conducted by researcher A.Sh. Kabirova to collect and study information about the place and role of Tatarstan women in the main areas of economic, social, and cultural life of the republic and their involvement at the front of the Great Patriotic War. The significance of this dissertation and the monograph “Women of Tatarstan at the Front and in the Rear”, which was published later on its basis, in developing research of the history of the Tatar republic in the warf period is emphasized.

The Politics of Identity in Post-Soviet Abkhazia: Managing Diversity and Unresolved Conflict1

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Clogg
Keyword(s):  
The Black Sea ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Politics Of Identity ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
North West ◽  
Managing Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Republic

The question of ethnic and national identity has dominated post-Soviet life in Abkhazia, which is situated on the Black Sea coast, in the north-west corner of the South Caucasus. Formerly an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, its status is now contested. Following violent armed conflict with Georgia over a period of 13 months in 1992/1993, Abkhazia became de facto independent. However, while not now under Georgian control, Abkhazia remains de jure part of the Republic of Georgia, which considers Abkhazia an integral component of its state. Abkhazia declared independence in 1999, a status that remains unrecognized by the international community.

BANDITRY AND ANTI-SOVIET ARMED UNDERGROUND IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN 1942–1944: THE CASE OF KABARDINO-BALKARIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Е.Х. АПАЖЕВА ◽  
А.А. ТАТАРОВ
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clear Line

В центре исследования лежит феномен бандитизма, под которым традиционно понимают как уголовные преступления, так и политически мотивированное антисоветское вооруженное подполье в контексте Великой Отечественной войны. Методы исследования базируются на анализе советской политико-юридической терминологии 1920–1940-х гг., оценочных позиций и количественных данных в документах и справках. Изучение кейса Кабардино-Балкарии, республики, претерпевшей прифронтовые боевые действия, нацистскую оккупацию и депортацию одного из титульных народов, открывает возможность проследить факторы влияния на динамику преступности и учет ее численности. Авторы демонстрируют противоречия в количественных данных по бандитизму в документах органов безопасности и армейских сводках. Показано, что до и в период Великой Отечественной войны не сложилась четкая грань между политическим бандитизмом и преступлениями против управленческого и хозяйственного порядка, а условия войны в значительной степени политизировали проявления локальной преступности. По мнению авторов, смешение уголовного и политического бандитизма повлияло на структуру и содержание справок о политическом состоянии в национальных автономиях. В случае с обвиненными в массовом предательстве и депортированными балкарцами оценка численности бандитизма сопряжена с рядом факторов – проживание балкарцев в горной части республики, которая традиционно привлекала правонарушителей разных национальностей; влияние планирования депортации на процесс составления документов по бандитизму. Обоснованно то, что в тыловой зоне Кабардино-Балкарии немецкие диверсии не смогли оказать существенного влияния на развитие вооруженного подполья в наиболее активной фазе его развития в 1942–1944 гг. The article investigates the phenomenon of banditry, which is traditionally understood as both criminal offenses and the politically motivated anti-Soviet armed underground in the context of the Great Patriotic War. The research methods are based on the analysis of the Soviet political and legal terminology of the 1920s – 1940s, as well as estimated positions and quantitative data in documents and references. The exploration of the case of Kabardino-Balkaria, a republic that suffered front-line hostilities, Nazi occupation, deportation of one of the titular ethnic groups, opens up the possibility of tracing the factors influencing both the dynamics of crime and accounting for its number. The authors demonstrate contradictions in quantitative data on banditry in the documents of the security agencies and army reports. In view of the fact there was no clear line between political banditry and crimes against the management and economic order before and during the Great Patriotic War, the conditions of the war largely politicized the manifestations of local crime. The authors point out that mixing of criminal and political banditry influenced the structure and content of information on the political situation in Soviet national autonomies. In the case of the deported Balkar people, the accusations of mass betrayal and the estimation of the banditry levels are associated with certain factors – the residence of Balkars in the mountainous part of the republic, which traditionally attracted offenders of different nationalities; the impact of deportation planning on the process of drafting documents on banditry. It is argued that in the rear front in Kabardino-Balkaria, Nazi German sabotage groups did not have a significant impact on the development of the armed underground in the most active phase of its development in 1942-1944.

scholarly journals Od internacjonalnej do własnej historii – mniejszość białoruska w Polsce

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 190-211
Author(s):  
Wojciech Śleszyński
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
World War ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania

From international history to one’s own history – Belorusian minority in PolandAfter World War II the Belarusians who did not leave Poland could gain upward mobility only if they avoided displaying their national and cultural distinctiveness. Belarusians made a political choice which coincided with a vision of history and thus accepted a historical narrative spread by communist circles. The narrative constructed by the Belarusian minority was consistent with the officially proclaimed state ideological narrative. It contained mostly the history of the Communist Party of Western Belarus and described a difficult situation of Belarus in the Second Polish Republic and during World War II (especially the Great Patriotic War).The Belarusian community made first attempts to rebuild the current vision of the world in 1980–1981. Students tried to create an alternative historical narrative that contradicted the communist one. However, it was a gradual collapse of the communist system that became an impetus for more active development of the Belarusian minority in Poland, and consequently, the creation of its own national vision of history. The Belarusian heritage has been based on the Belarusian People's Republic and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and not, as it was in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus or after 1994, on the Republic of Belarus and the victory in the Great Patriotic War.  Od internacjonalnej do własnej historii – mniejszość białoruska w PolscePozostała w Polsce po II wojnie światowej społeczność białoruska uzyskała możliwość awansu społecznego pod warunkiem nieeksponowania swojej narodowej i kulturowej odrębności. Białorusini, dokonując wyboru politycznego, pokrywającego się z wyborem wizji historii, akceptowali obraz dziejów prezentowany przez środowiska komunistyczne. Konstruowany przez mniejszość białoruską przekaz historyczny zgodny był z oficjalnie głoszonym państwowym przekazem ideologicznym. Dominowały treści o historii Komunistycznej Partii Zachodniej Białorusi, o trudnej sytuacji białoruskiej w II RP i w latach II wojny światowej, ale z naciskiem położonym jedynie na okres Wielkiej Wojny Ojczyźnianej.Pierwsze próby przebudowy dotychczasowej wizji świata przez społeczność białoruską zostały podjęte w latach 1980–1981. Zwłaszcza środowiska studenckie próbowały stworzyć alternatywę dla dotychczasowego skomunizowanego, białoruskiego przekazu historycznego. Jednak dopiero stopniowy upadek systemu komunistycznego stał się impulsem do coraz bardziej aktywnego rozwoju mniejszości białoruskiej w Polsce, a co za tym idzie także kreowania własnej, narodowej wizji dziejów. Fundamentem, na którym budowana była pamięć o dziedzictwie, stało się odwoływanie się do Białoruskiej Republiki Ludowej i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, a nie, jak to miało miejsce w Białoruskiej Socjalistycznej Republice Sowieckiej czy po 1994 r. w Republice Białoruś, zwycięstwa w Wielkiej Wojnie Ojczyźnianej.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF DEPORTATION OF THE CHECHEN AND INGUSH PEOPLES TO THE KOKCHETAV REGION ACCORDING TO THE KAZAKHSTAN ARCHIVAL MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
G. Е. Mamaeva
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
State Archive ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Cultural Structure

The current paper uses the sources of the State Archives of Kokshetau, the State Archive of Akmola region (Kokshetau) and the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty) to cover the history of the deportation of the Chechen and the Ingush peoples to Kazakhstan. These are mainly reports, notes, various correspondence, which contain information about the process of resettlement, the economic and domestic and labor arrangements of the socalled special settlers from the North Caucasus. The identified sources of archives give the author an opportunity to recreate the history of the resettlement and the economic accommodation of the special settlers – the Chechens and the Ingush – from the North Caucasus to the territory of the Kokchetau region in the Kazakh SSR. The information obtained has allowed the author to analyze the economic, socioeconomic, cultural structure of the special settlers and, thus, to consider the formation of the Chechen and the Ingush Diasporas on the territory of Kazakhstan. The author introduces a large number of previously unpublished archival materials into scientific use. The use of archival documents allowed the author to disclose various aspects of the issue under consideration.

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