scholarly journals Barriers and Perception Towards Spectacle Wear among Student Population of University of Buraimi, Oman

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babu Noushad ◽  
Gopi Suresh Vankudre
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the barriers and perception towards spectacle wear among student population of University of Buraimi, Oman. Methods: This descriptive, questionnaire based, cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2017 and May 2018.  To evaluate participant’s barriers and perception towards spectacle wear, a self-designed, validated questionnaire prepared in English language, obtained responses from 170 a university student population within the Sultanate of Oman. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the type of perception with the socio-demographic and refractive error related profiles of the participants. Results: All participants with inappropriate spectacle correction (61.82%) responded to the questionnaire.  Majority of them (73.5%, n = 125) were having their eyes examined for the first time. Only 28 (16.5%) were wearing spectacles. Nearly half of the participants (54%, n = 91) had positive attitude towards spectacle wear, followed by negative (36%, n = 62) and neutral perception (10%, n = 17). Participants from a health science background had a higher positive perception towards spectacle wear compared to the non-medical study majors (P = 0.012). The difference in the perception scores between myopic and hypermetropic refractive error group was statistically insignificant (P = 0.882). Conclusion: A majority of the participants were having inappropriate spectacle corrections and did not undergo any prior ocular examinations. Very few participants were wearing spectacles, however, it was inappropriate concerning their current refractive status. The other reasons for spectacle non-wear were, ordering of new spectacles, lost them, or were broken. Nearly half of the participants had positive perceptions towards spectacle wear. The positive perception was higher among students with health-related majors. The study stresses to extend the current school eye health initiative within the region to the university level. A holistic eye health promotional approach integrating students, teachers, and parents can help in improving spectacle wear within the population. Keywords: Eyeglasses; Refractive errors; School eye health; Spectacle compliance; Patient compliance.

scholarly journals Perception of the learning environment among the students in a nursing college in Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erina Shrestha ◽  
Ram Sharan Mehta ◽  
Gayanand Mandal ◽  
Kriti Chaudhary ◽  
Nirmala Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Learning environment is an important base for learning processes of students and for preferences of future workplaces. It is considered as an essential factor in determining the success of an effective curriculum and the students’ academic achievements. This study attempts to assess the perception of learning environment among the nursing students. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the study among 122 nursing students studying at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Science. Data were collected following total enumerative sampling method using a self-administered questionnaire. Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory tool was used to assess the perception of learning environment. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) was used to describe the demographic and other related variables. One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to find out the difference in the overall scale score and its subscales across the selected socio-demographic variables (age, ethnicity, residence, year of enrollment) of the respondents. Results The mean age of the students was 21 ± 1.46 years. Majority of the students were from Province no. 1 (57.4%) and largely from Sunsari district (25.4%). First year students were found to be more satisfied (68.23%) with the educational environment (136.45 ± 16.93) compared to student of other years. Academic self-perception (21.94 ± 3.42) was the highest scoring subscale (68.57%) while the social self-perception (16.43 ± 2.96) was the lowest (58.66%). The overall DREEM score (131.25 ± 15.82 out of 200) indicated that perception of learning environment among the students was positive. Despite overall positive perception, students perceived that the teachers were authoritative and there is lack of good support system for the students at the time of stress. The total DREEM score varied significantly between the years of enrollment (p < 0.05). Conclusion The current study showed positive perception of learning environment which varied significantly according to the year of enrollment. However improvements are required across all the five domains for the high quality educational environment. Future qualitative studies are recommended to confirm and to have in-depth understanding of this finding.

scholarly journals Awareness of dissection skills and tools session in preparing first MBBS learners for cadaveric dissection in medical school a qualitative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
TLS Gowri ◽  
M Ramadevi ◽  
Aparna Vedapriya ◽  
V Janaki ◽  
Jana Siva Koti Srinivasa Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Subject

Qualitative dissections require knowledge of dissection tool kit and dissection skills which acquired will allow dissector to take care for cadaveric donor while acquiring the experience and knowledge of a successful dissection. This promotes the researcher to equip the learner in initial phase with dissection skills and tools.The main objective of the study is to analyse the learner prior and after interventional sessions as to how effective the session would be helpful in improving the quality and participation of learners in dissection. A qualitative prospective cross-sectional study was done in 168 Learners of I MBBS by an interventional session on the topic through General lecture and demonstration. Learners were assessed prior and after the interventional session by same validated questionnaire. Perceptions of learners were also taken. The obtained data were compared and its significance was analysed by Chi-square test using Epi info 7.1 software.The pre and post-test scores showed a significant improvement of 64 percent on average with p value less than 0.001 indicating that the session was fruitful. 80% of learners also opined that the session stimulated interest in the subject and improved their dissection skills.An interventional session on “Awareness of dissection skills and tools” in the initial phase would increase the Learners performing quality dissections with ease. This would also help the learner to acquire better independent surgical skills and understanding in clinical phases of learning and therefore would recommend it in early phase of I MBBS Anatomy.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF REFRACTIVE ERROR AND AMBLYOPIA IN STRABISMUS IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-08
Author(s):  
Noureen Malik ◽  
Hannan Masud ◽  
Imran Basit ◽  
Palwasha Noor
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Distance Fixation

Objective: To see the frequency and compare the type of refractive error and strabismus in amblyopic versus non amblyopic children. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Jan to Jul 2019. Methodology: The sample population comprised of 250 patients of new or previously diagnosed children with refractive error and strabismus presenting at children eye outdoor patient department of armed forces institute of ophthalmology. Strabismus was diagnosed by the consultant eye specialist on the basis of heterotropia at near or distance fixation. Amblyopia and refracttive error was assessed by a trained optometrist. Patients were classified into amblyopia and non- amblyopia groups. The type of squint and refractive error was noted down along with demographic details. Chi square test was used to assess thesignificance of association between various categorical variables. Results: A total of 250 participants were included with a mean age of 5.00 ± 1.07 years. Out of total, 132 (52.8%) were males while 118 (47.2%) were females. One hundred and fifty (59.5%) patients were suffering from amblyopia while 100 (39.5%) patients were normal with comparable vision in both the eyes. Out of 150 amblyopic patients 134 (89.3%) were suffering from unilateral amblyopia while 16 (10.6%) patients had amblyopia in both the eyes. Out of refractive errors astigmatism was present in 83 (55.3 %) of amblyopia patients while hypermetropia was present in 54 (36%) of the patients. Out of total patients of strabismus, 95 (63.3%) of non-alternating esotropic patients..........

scholarly journals Knowledge and Perception of Malaysian Forest Fringe Population towards Zika Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-206
Author(s):  
Chin Mun Wong ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Forest Fringe

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared Zika infection as Public Health Emergency of International Concern in 2016. In this study, we aimed to assess the knowledge and risk perception towards Zika infection among the forest fringe population in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study of with 433 adult respondents in Malaysia completed the assisted-administered validated questionnaire on knowledge and perception to Zika infection. Bidirectional analysis on the person and item abilities were tested using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Rasch. The knowledge and perception levels were tested against significant sociodemographic or socioeconomic variables using Pearson’s Chi Square; covariates were then adjusted at multivariate level using binary logistic regression. Both knowledge and perception domains were well-targeted. Complementing results from SPSS and Rasch showed poor knowledge and poor risk perception levels in slightly more than half of the respondents [knowledge score: 50.8% (SPSS), 55.4% (Rasch); perception score: (58.0% (SPSS), 58.2% (Rasch)]. With covariates adjusted, non-bumiputra (non-natives) of higher education level, higher household income and recent jungle visits showed good knowledge level. Adult, menopaused women from Perak state showed better risk perception level towards Zika. Majority of the forest fringe population in Malaysia have poor knowledge and risk perception towards the Zika infection. This questionnaire is a suitable tool to assess knowledge and perception towards Zika infection among the forest fringe populations in Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Assessment of awareness and attitude towards counterfeit medicines among pharmacy professionals working in community drug retail outlets in Harar town, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Eklas Abdunasir ◽  
Teshome Sosengo ◽  
Frehiwot Amare ◽  
Mohammed Yimam ◽  
Bisrat Hagos
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Counterfeit Medicines ◽  
Counterfeit Medicine ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Counterfeit medicines are drugs which are deliberately and fraudulently mislabeled with respect to identity and/or source. According to the WHO 2017 report, about 1% of prescribed medicines in the developed world and about 10-50% in parts of the developing world are estimated to be counterfeits. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of pharmacy profes-sionals towards counterfeit medicines in Harar town. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among pharmacy professionals found in Harar town, East Ethiopia. All pharmacy professionals working in community drug retail outlets of Harar town was included in the study. Accordingly, 92 pharmacy professionals were included in the study. The data was collected by using self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared in English language. Data was coded, entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sci-ence version 22. Then chi-square(x2) test was performed to determine there exists association of so-cio-demographic characters, profession and year of service towards awareness and attitude about counterfeit medicines was investigated using. Result: A total of 92 respondents were included in the study. The majority, 76 (82.6%), of the study participants had information about counterfeit medicine. The 26(28.3%), 42(45.7%) and 24(26%) of the respondents replied that counterfeit medicines have problem of efficacy, safety and cause eco-nomic problem on sellers of genuine drugs respectively. Majority of the study of the study partici-pants were not aware of a way of identification of counterfeit medicines, with only 18(19.6%), 47(51.1%) and 27(29.3%), replied that counterfeit medicines can be identified by its effect, inspec-tion and cost respectively. Majority of the respondents, 60(65.2%), responded that pharmacy profes-sional that knowingly dispense counterfeit medicine are business man /women. Most of the re-spondents, 66(71.7%), replied that pharmacy professionals carry out the business of counterfeit medicines transaction because of big profit obtained from such an activity. gender, profession and year of service in serving as pharmacy professional was found to be significantly associated with awareness towards counterfeit medicines, (p<0.05). Conclusion: Significant proportion of the study participants were not aware of the problems associ-ated with counterfeit medicines as efficacy, safety and economic problems. Majority of the respond-ents still are unaware about ways of identification of counterfeit medicines as inspection, by effica-cy and cost. Keywords: Counterfeit medicines; Awareness; Attitude; Professionals; Drug retail outlets

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on prevalence of gastro esophageal reflux disease in regurgitant infant and children with evaluation of IGERQ score

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Elayaraja Kandasamy ◽  
Senthil Kumar Andy
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Esophageal Reflux ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Background: Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is the most common esophageal disorder in children of all ages. GER becomes pathological when reflux increase in frequency and intensity, associated with esophageal and respiratory symptoms. Thus, the study was determined to assess the prevalence of GERD in regurgitant children of age 6 to 24 months with evaluation of IGERQ score (Infant Gastro Esophageal Reflux Questionnaire).Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in Gastroenterology Department, Institute of child Health and Hospital for Children, Egmore, Chennai from September 2007 to September 2009. 123 regurgitant children of age 6-24 months were enrolled. Clinical examination and validated questionnaire with total score of 25 was used. Data analysis was aided by EPI info programme. Chi square with P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. IGERQ score was evaluated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive valve and negative predictive valve.Results: The prevalence of GERD in regurgitant infant and children is 30.8%. Refusal of feeds and poor weight in regurgitant children significantly correlated with GERD. sensitivity was 84%, specificity was 96%, positive predictive value was 91%, negative predictive value was 93%Conclusions: Clinical diagnosis of GERD is sufficient in most instances and a questionnaire may aid in diagnosis the disease. IGERQ score is easily adaptable. IGERQ score >5 has high specificity positive and negative predictive value but reproducibility in our population need further evaluation. 

scholarly journals PHARMACISTS' PERCEPTION ABOUT THEIR ROLES IN TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAM IN MEDAN, INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa B ◽  
Azizah Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
Tb Control Program

Objectives: to assess the pharmacists' perception about their roles in tuberculosis (TB) control program in Medan, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the pharmacists' perception about their roles in TB control program in Medan, Indonesia using a validated questionnaire. The pharmacists involved in this study (n=117) were asked to choose answering yes, no or do not know for their perception on their roles in TB control program. The collected data consisted of demographics (gender, age, place of practice, and working experience) and the pharmacists’ perception on their roles in TB control program were organized and analyzed by applying descriptive and Chi-square analyses using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 19, Chicago, IL, USA) (p value <0.05 was considered significant). Results: Mean age of the participants was 38.6 (standard deviation=11.7) years. Most of them (76.1%) were female. Distribution of the participants by place of practice:  pharmacy, 78.6%; hospital, 20.5%. Most of them (63.2%) have heard about directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) program. More than 90% of them realized that they could play their roles as providers, managers of anti-TB drugs, drug informans, ensurers for adherence to the TB treatment, educators for patients and publics on TB and its treatment. Only 26.5% of them knew that they could also play their role as inventors of early suspected TB in the community.Conclusion: The study proved that the pharmacists’ roles could be utilized and enhanced to optimize TB control programs in Indonesia.Keywords: Pharmacists’ role, Tuberculosis, DOTS Program

Perception and awareness of insects as an alternative protein source among fish farmers and fish feed traders

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ssepuuya ◽  
C. Sebatta ◽  
E. Sikahwa ◽  
P. Fuuna ◽  
M. Sengendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Willingness To Use

The perception of key players in the fish farming sector towards the use of insects is important for their acceptance to adopt insects as an alternative protein source to the expensive fish meal. Perception was established through a cross-sectional study of 208 fish farmers and 71 fish feed traders and/or processors conducted in Gulu, Tororo and Masaka districts in Uganda, using descriptive, Chi-square, correlation and factor statistical analysis of the data collected. Males dominated the fish farming and fish feed trading and/or processing enterprises. Youths were involved to almost the same extent as adults. Fish farmers majorly practiced pond fish farming, mainly using vegetable and grain based feeds. Most fish farmers (94.9%) and feed traders or processors (91.5%) were willing to use insects for feed but only 44.8% of fish farmers and 8.6% of feed traders and processors had ever used insects. All insects ever used by the respondents for feeding fish, including white ants, grasshoppers, termites and cockroaches were not reared but harvested from the environment. Willingness to use (rear/buy/sell) insects as fish feed was significantly and positively correlated with farmers’ and fish feed traders’ and/or processors’ perception that insects were good sources of nourishment for fish. Familiarity with use of insects and knowledge/awareness of their use significantly contributed to respondents’ positive perception. The apparent willingness to use insects for feeding fish should be promoted by encouraging mass insect production. Assessment of the consumer’s acceptability of fish reared on insects is necessary to ensure market for insect-fed fish.

scholarly journals Assessment of occupational violence towards pharmacists at practice settings in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2080
Author(s):  
Garba M. KHALID ◽  
Umar I. IDRIS ◽  
Abubakar I. JATAU ◽  
Yusuf H. WADA ◽  
Ya'u ADAMU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Pharmacists ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Occupational Violence ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Background: Occupational Violence is prevalent among healthcare workers, including pharmacists, and poses a big threat to their job satisfaction, safety, and social wellbeing. Objective: This study seeks to assess the incidents and factors associated with occupational violence towards pharmacists in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists practicing in Nigeria, using an online survey (Google FormTM). Occupational violence was assessed using a validated questionnaire. The survey was conducted and reported based on the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). Participants were recruited by sharing the survey link via social media platforms including WhatsApp, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. Results: A total of 263 respondents returned the online questionnaire, with a completion rate of 99.2%. The prevalence of occupational violence was 92.7% (95% CI, 90 to 96). Violent events occurred among 48.7% of pharmacists with at least six years of experience, and 68.4% of hospital pharmacists. The commonly reported factors associated with the violence include long waiting times in the pharmacy (36.5%), refusal to fulfil aggressor’s demands (22.1%), and counseling/poor communication (21.7%). Events related to verbal abuse were reported among 95% of the participants. The prevalence of violence was significantly higher among hospital pharmacists, compared with those practicing in administration/regulatory, and in community pharmacies (chi-square=10.213 (2); p=0.006). Similarly, physical aggression was higher among hospital pharmacists (chi-square=10.646 (2), p = 0.005). Conclusions: The prevalence of occupational violence towards pharmacists practicing in Nigeria appeared to be high. Major factors associated with the violence were refusal to fulfil aggressors’ demands and frustrations due to long waiting times at pharmacy. Recommended strategies to slowdown the incidences of violence were improved pharmacists’ workforce, interprofessional harmony, and penalties against perpetrators.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN MAKAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI PADA MAHASISWA STIK IMMANUEL BANDUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Indah Palupi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Student College

Abstrak Remaja sering kali mengalami permasalahan gizi, baik gizi kurang maupun gizi lebih. Hal ini dikarenakan banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi status gizi pada remaja. Salah satunya adalah kebiasaan makan remaja yang melewatkan waktu makan, makan tidak teratur, tidak menyukai makanan tertentu, serta mengurangi frekuensi makan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan makan dengan status gizi pada mahasiswa STIK Immanuel Bandung. Desain dalam penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional study, dengan pendekatan purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa STIK Immanuel Bandung. Rumus yang digunakan untuk perhitungan sampel adalah slovin, sehingga berdasarkan perhitungan dengan menggunakan rumus tersebut didapatkan 68 sampel. Kebiasaan makan diukur menggunakan kuesioner Food Frequency Questionnaire dan status gizi diukur menggunakan alat microtoise serta timbangan berat badan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Chi-square. Hasil dalam penelitian didapatkan nilai signifikan 0,648 (p > 0,05) ini berarti tidak adanya hubungan antara kebiasaan makan dengan status gizi pada mahasiswa STIK Immanuel Bandung. Kata Kunci : kebiasaan Makan, Status Gizi, Mahasiswa Abstract Teenagers often experience nutritional problems, both malnutrition and over weight. This is because many factors can affect nutritional status in adolescents. Adolescents have many eating habits. Some of adolescents often skip meals, eat irregularly, do not like certain foods, and reduce the frequency of eating. The aimed of this study was to determine the relationship between food behaviour with nutritional status in Immanuel Institute of Health Science’s Student College. Design of this study was cross sectional, with purposive sampling. 68 student college from Immanuel Institute of Health Science used as participant. Food behaviour was measured by Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Nutritional status was measured by stature meter and weight scales. Data were analyzed by Chi-quare. Results showed that there were no relationship between food beaviour and nutritional status in Immanuel Institute of Health Scince’s student college (r = 0,648; p = > 0.05). Keyword : food behaviour, nutritional status, student college.

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