Frequency of Microsporidial Infection in Immunocompromised Patients with Staining and Molecular Methods Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Gene in Two Cities of Southwest Iran during 2013-2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Kazemi ◽  
Mehdi Tavalla ◽  
Sharif Maraghi ◽  
Mohammad Jafaryad Yad ◽  
Mahmoud Latifi
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Region Gene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Hiv And Cancer

Microsporidiosisis anopportunistic infection frequently diagnosed in immunocompromised patients. Microsporidiosis causes symptomatic or asymptomatic infections immunocompromised/immunosuppressed patients may experience severe and disseminated microsporidiosis. Fecal samples were taken from 186 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (86) and cancer (100). Microsporidia spp. were detected 27.9% (24/86) and 11.6% (10/86) in HIV + patients, 18% (18/100) and 7% (7/100) of cancer patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and trichrome staining respectively. <em>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</em> was detected in 28(66.7%) patients, while <em>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</em> was detected in 10 (23.8%) patients. <em>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</em> was detected in only one patient, while<em> Encephalitozoon helle</em>m was detected in three patients. Microsporidia was significantly higher in patients with diarrhea than those without diarrhea (P = 0.001). CD4 T cells blood count was significantly lower (&lt;200 cells/μl blood) in HIV+ patients with Microsporidia (P = 0.001). Also, there was significant difference between contact with animals with positive results of HIV+ and cancer patients (P&lt; 0.005). This study confirmed that PCR technique was more sensitive than trichrome staining for diagnosis. Moreover, intestinal microsporidiosis caused diarrhea in HIV+ and cancer patients. This influenced treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis of microsporidiosis is effective on treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Frequency of Microsporidial Infection in Immunocompromised Patients with Staining and Molecular Methods Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer Region Gene in Two Cities of Southwest Iran during 2013-2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Kazemi ◽  
Mehdi Tavalla ◽  
Sharif Maraghi ◽  
Mohammad Jafaryad Yad ◽  
Mahmoud Latifi
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Region Gene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Hiv And Cancer

Microsporidiosisis anopportunistic infection frequently diagnosed in immunocompromised patients. Microsporidiosis causes symptomatic or asymptomatic infections immunocompromised/immunosuppressed patients may experience severe and disseminated microsporidiosis. Fecal samples were taken from 186 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (86) and cancer (100). Microsporidia spp. were detected 27.9% (24/86) and 11.6% (10/86) in HIV + patients, 18% (18/100) and 7% (7/100) of cancer patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and trichrome staining respectively. <em>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</em> was detected in 28(66.7%) patients, while <em>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</em> was detected in 10 (23.8%) patients. <em>Encephalitozoon cuniculi</em> was detected in only one patient, while<em> Encephalitozoon helle</em>m was detected in three patients. Microsporidia was significantly higher in patients with diarrhea than those without diarrhea (P = 0.001). CD4 T cells blood count was significantly lower (&lt;200 cells/μl blood) in HIV+ patients with Microsporidia (P = 0.001). Also, there was significant difference between contact with animals with positive results of HIV+ and cancer patients (P&lt; 0.005). This study confirmed that PCR technique was more sensitive than trichrome staining for diagnosis. Moreover, intestinal microsporidiosis caused diarrhea in HIV+ and cancer patients. This influenced treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis of microsporidiosis is effective on treatment strategies.

Long-Term Central Venous Catheter Infection in HIV-infected and Cancer Patients: A Multicenter Cohort Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Astagneau ◽  
Sylvie Maugat ◽  
Tuan Tran-Minh ◽  
Marie-Cécile Douard ◽  
Pascale Longuet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Central Venous Catheter ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Multicenter Cohort ◽  
Hiv And Cancer

Objectives:To evaluate and compare the risk of long-term central venous catheter (CVC) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and cancer patients.Design:Prospective multicenter cohort study based on active surveillance of long-term CVC manipulations and patient outcome over a 6-month period.Setting:Services of infectious diseases and oncology of 12 university hospitals in Paris, France.Participants:In 1995, all HIV and cancer patients with solid malignancy were included at the time of long-term CVC implantation.Results:Overall, 31.6% of long-term CVC infections were identified in 32% of 201 HIV and 5% of 255 cancer patients. Most were associated with bacteremia, most commonly coagulase-negative staphylococci. The long-term CVC time-related infection risk was greater in HIV than in cancer patients (3.78 vs 0.39 infections per 1,000 long-term CVC days; P<.001). The independent risk factors of long-term CVC infection were as follows: in HIV patients, frequency of long-term CVC handling and neutropenia; in cancer patients, poor Karnofsky performance status; in both HIV and cancer patients, recent history of bacterial infection. The risk of long-term CVC infection was similar for tunneled catheters and venous access ports in each population.Conclusions:Prevention of long-term CVC infection should focus first on better sterile precautions while handling long-term CVC, especially in HIV patients who have frequent and daily use of the long-term CVC.

scholarly journals The role of stigmas in mental health: A comparative study

Curationis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhabor S. Idemudia ◽  
Nyambeni A. Matamela
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Enacted Stigma ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: HIV (Human immunodeficiency Virus), AIDS and cancer are feared terminal diseases. HIV sufferers are known to be stigmatized. The stigma surrounding cancer, unfortunately, is hardly the focus of psychological investigations, and hence this provoked the need to compare the stigma suffered by both groups, and how these have impacted on the psychological functioning of the disease sufferer. Objectives: The study had two main objectives, firstly, to explore whether HIV patients suffer more stigma than cancer patients or not, and secondly, to understand the most common type of stigma and if stigma is associated with psychopathology. Psychopathology is measured with GHQ–28 which evaluates somatic complaints, anxiety, depression and social dysfunction.Method: The study was a survey, and descriptive in nature, and anchored on two hypotheses: Firstly, that HIV patients will experience more stigmas than cancer patients and consequently report more psychological dysfunctions. Secondly that there will be a significant difference between types of stigma and the symptoms reported about them. Data were collected from a conveniently sampled group of 50 HIV positive patients and another 50 patients diagnosed with cancer, in two clinics and a hospital around the Gauteng Province. The majority of the participants were females, numbering 62 (62, 0%), whilst 38 (38.0%) were males. The age of the respondents ranged from 20–73 years with a mean age of 44.4 years (s.d. = 11.6).Results: Results revealed a significant main effect for enacted stigma F = (1.98), = 17.629, p < .001 and anxiety F = (1.98) = 5.750, p < .001. A post hoc Bonferroni also showed that HIV patients had a higher mean score of enacted stigma (X-bar = 4.22) than cancer patients (X-bar = 1.28) and also HIV patients reported more anxiety (X-bar = 8.81) than cancer patients (X-bar = 6.42). Enacted stigma significantly influenced the GHQ Total (F = (98) = 1.700, p < .05); anxiety (F = (97) = 2.578, p < .004); and depression (F = (97) = 3.390 p < .001). The perceived community stigma had one main effect for depression (F = (1.98) = 1.452, p < .05). There were no significant main effects for internally felt stigma and psychological dysfunctions. Both hypotheses were partially supported.Conclusion: Recommendations included tailoring interventions to meet the cultural needs of patients. Other recommendations were made in accordance with the findings of the study.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV in Patients with Malignancy and of Malignancy in HIV Patients in a Tertiary Care Center from North India

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Sinha ◽  
Ashish Agarwal ◽  
Kartik Gupta ◽  
Dibyakanti Mandal ◽  
Mitul Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv And Cancer ◽  
Low Prevalence

Background and Objectives:People living with HIV/AIDS are at an increased risk of developing cancer. The goals of this study were to obtain data on the prevalence of HIV in the cancer population and vice versa at a major tertiary cancer and HIV center in North India.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted over a 3-year period from July 2013 to June 2016, wherein successive HIV positive patients from an anti-retroviral therapy (ART) center were screened for malignancy. Simultaneously, successive cancer patients at the cancer center were screened for HIV. Baseline demographic details, risk factors, and laboratory investigations were obtained for all the patients.Results:Among the 999 HIV-positive patients at the ART center, the prevalence of malignancy was 2% (n=20; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13, 2.87). Among the 998 patients with a malignancy, the prevalence of HIV infection was 0.9% (n=9; 95% CI 0.31, 1.49). Weight loss, loss of appetite, and fever were the most common symptoms in patients with HIV and cancer. Among 29 patients with HIV and cancer, AIDS-defining cancer was found in 19 patients; non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma was the most common malignancy reported (n=13).Interpretation and Conclusion:There is a low prevalence of HIV in cancer patients as well as a low prevalence of cancer in HIV patients. AIDS-defining cancers remain much more common than non-AIDS-defining cancers. With the increased coverage of ART, it is expected that non-AIDSdefining cancers will increase, as is evident from data from more developed countries.

Using Naïve Bayes Algorithm to Estimate the Response to Drug in Lung Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 734-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoling Guo ◽  
Qiuxiang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Bayes Algorithm

Aim and Objective: Lung cancer is a highly heterogeneous cancer, due to the significant differences in molecular levels, resulting in different clinical manifestations of lung cancer patients there is a big difference. Including disease characterization, drug response, the risk of recurrence, survival, etc. Method: Clinical patients with lung cancer do not have yet particularly effective treatment options, while patients with lung cancer resistance not only delayed the treatment cycle but also caused strong side effects. Therefore, if we can sum up the abnormalities of functional level from the molecular level, we can scientifically and effectively evaluate the patients' sensitivity to treatment and make the personalized treatment strategies to avoid the side effects caused by over-treatment and improve the prognosis. Result & Conclusion: According to the different sensitivities of lung cancer patients to drug response, this study screened out genes that were significantly associated with drug resistance. The bayes model was used to assess patient resistance.

The effect of foot reflexology on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in digestive or lung cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Murat-Ringot ◽  
Pierre Jean Souquet ◽  
Fabien Subtil ◽  
Florent Boutitie ◽  
Marie Preau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Digestive Cancer ◽  
Complementary Medicines ◽  
Antiemetic Drugs ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Delayed Nausea

BACKGROUND Cancer is a chronic disease with an incident worldwide had been 24.5 million and 9.6 million deaths in 2017. Lung and colorectal cancer are the most common cancer for both sexes and according to national and international recommendations platinum-based chemotherapy is the reference adjuvant treatment. This chemotherapy can be moderately to highly emetogenic. Despite antiemetic therapy, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting may persist. Moreover, cancer patient are increasingly interested in alternative and complementary medicines and express the desire that non-pharmacological treatments be used in hospitals. Among alternative and complementary medicines, foot reflexology decreases significantly the severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of the present study was to assess the benefits of foot reflexology as a complement to conventional treatments on severity of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in digestive or lung cancer patients. The secondary objectives assessed were the frequency and severity of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, quality of life, anxiety, and self-esteem. METHODS The present study was conducted between April 2018 and April 2020 in French University Hospital. This is an open-label randomized controlled trial. Participants are randomized into two groups: 40 to interventional group (conventional care with foot reflexology) and 40 to control group (conventional care without foot reflexology). Foot reflexology sessions (30 minutes) are performed on an outpatient or inpatient. Eligible participants are patients with a lung or digestive cancer with indication for platinum-based chemotherapy. RESULTS The severity of acute nausea and vomiting was assessed with a visual analogue scale during the second cycle of chemotherapy. A significant increase of at least 2 points was observed for control group (20.6%, P = 0.01). Across all cycle, the foot reflexology group showed a trend towards less frequent delayed nausea (P=0.28), a significantly less frequent consumption of antiemetic drugs (P=0.04), and no significant difference for vomiting (P=0.99); there was a trend towards a perception of stronger severity for delayed nausea in the control group (P=0.39). According to quality of life and anxiety, there was no significant difference between the interventional group and the control group (P=0.32 and P=0.53 respectively). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study results indicated that foot reflexology decreased significantly the severity of acute nausea and consumption of antiemetic drugs in lung and digestive cancer patients. No side effects from foot reflexology have been noted. In order to better respond to a desire of patients for non-pharmacological treatments and CAMs to be used in hospitals to improve their care, the results of this study showed that foot reflexology seems to be a promising complement to conventional antiemetic drugs. To assess the performance of this intervention in routine practice, a larger study with several health care centers would be relevant with a cluster RCT. CLINICALTRIAL The present study registered with clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03508180 (28/06/2018) INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/17232

Fas gene promoter –670 polymorphism in gynecological cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ueda ◽  
Y. Terai ◽  
K. Kanda ◽  
M. Kanemura ◽  
M. Takehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Germ Line Polymorphism

Single-nucleotide polymorphism at −670 of Fas gene promoter (A/G) was examined in a total of 354 blood samples from normal healthy women and gynecological cancer patients. They consisted of 95 normal, 83 cervical, 108 endometrial, and 68 ovarian cancer cases. Eighty-three patients with cervical cancer had statistically higher frequency of GG genotype and G allele than 95 controls (P= 0.0353 and 0.0278, respectively). There was no significant difference in the genotype or allele prevalence between control subjects and endometrial or ovarian cancer patients. The Fas −670 GG genotype was associated with an increased risk for the development of cervical cancer (OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.08–6.10) compared with the AA genotype. The G allele also increased the risk of cervical cancer (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.05–2.43) compared with the A allele. Germ-line polymorphism of Fas gene promoter −670 may be associated with the risk of cervical cancer in a Japanese population.

scholarly journals COVID-19—Importance for Patients on the Waiting List and after Kidney Transplantation—A Single Center Evaluation in 2020–2021

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Simone C. Boedecker ◽  
Pascal Klimpke ◽  
Daniel Kraus ◽  
Stefan Runkel ◽  
Peter R. Galle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients

(1) Background: Dialysis patients and recipients of a kidney allograft are at high risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2. It has been shown that the development of potent neutralizing humoral immunity against SARS CoV-2 leads to an increased probability of survival. However, the question of whether immunocompromised patients develop antibodies has not yet been sufficiently investigated; (2) Methods: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were examined in hemodialysis patients on the waiting list for kidney transplantation as well as patients after kidney transplantation. Patients were interviewed about symptoms and comorbidities, BMI, and smoking history; (3) Results: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were found in 16 out of 259 patients (6%). The trend of infections here reflects the general course of infection in Germany with a peak in November/December of 2020. Remarkably, patients on the waiting list experienced only mild disease. In contrast, transplanted patients had to be hospitalized but recovered rapidly from COVID-19. Most interesting is that all immunosuppressed patients developed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after infection; (4) Conclusions: Even with extensive hygiene concepts, an above-average number of patients were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of infections in Germany. Because SARS-CoV-2 infection triggered the formation of antibodies even in these immunocompromised patients, we expect vaccination to be effective in this group of patients. Thus, dialysis patients and patients after kidney transplantation should be given high priority in vaccination programs.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of In-House Real-Time PCRs Targeting Enteric Disease-Associated Microsporidia in Human Stool Samples

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Konstantin Tanida ◽  
Andreas Hahn ◽  
Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt ◽  
Egbert Tannich ◽  
Olfert Landt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Assays

Microsporidiosis is an infection predominantly occurring in immunosuppressed patients and infrequently also in travelers. This study was performed to comparatively evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of real-time PCR assays targeting microsporidia with etiological relevance in the stool of human patients in a latent class analysis-based test comparison without a reference standard with perfect accuracy. Thereby, two one-tube real-time PCR assays and two two-tube real-time PCR assays targeting Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalocytozoon spp. were included in the assessment with reference stool material (20), stool samples from Ghanaian HIV-positive patients (903), and from travelers, migrants and Colombian indigenous people (416). Sensitivity of the assays ranged from 60.4% to 97.4% and specificity from 99.1% to 100% with substantial agreement according to Cohen’s kappa of 79.6%. Microsporidia DNA was detected in the reference material and the stool of the HIV patients but not in the stool of the travelers, migrants, and the Colombian indigenous people. Accuracy-adjusted prevalence was 5.8% (n = 78) for the study population as a whole. In conclusion, reliable detection of enteric disease-associated microsporidia in stool samples by real-time PCR could be demonstrated, but sensitivity between the compared microsporidia-specific real-time PCR assays varied.

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