scholarly journals Effect of different doses of acid milk serum on growth in rice culture and on soil chemical attributes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Manoel Rezende De Melo ◽  
Douglas Goulart Castro ◽  
Tácio Peres da Silva ◽  
Antônio Rosário Neto ◽  
Marco Renan Félix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Rice Culture ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Milk Serum ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Safe Dose ◽  
Different Doses

The culture of rice has great potential to constitute the production systems of annual perennial crops, mainly in small properties. This allows this system to integrate with other activities such as the dairy industry, taking advantage of the milk by-product, reducing the environmental liability for disposal in the environment. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the growth and productivity of rice grains under different doses of acid milk serum (0 m3 ha-1, 5 m3 ha-1, 10 m3 ha-1, 20 m3 ha-1, 50 m3 ha-1, 100 m3 ha-1, and 150 m3 ha-1), in soil applications with monitoring of fertility and electrical conductivity levels. The rice was sown in the UFLA experimental field, using the BRSMG Esmeralda lineage. Seven different doses were used, divided into two applications via soil. No cover fertilization was carried out. Yield and crop growth variables were determined by monitoring the nutrient content in the soil profile and the sodification and salinization capacity of the residue. It was found that the increase in serum doses increased the electrical conductivity and the percentage of exchangeable sodium by 1.75 and 7.75 compared to the control, but did not cause the process of sodification and salinization of the soil. As acid milk serum is a significant source of potassium, its use in the soil did not promote significant grain yield. It was concluded that the acid milk serum in the doses used did not cause sodification or salinization of the soil. This residue is the safe dose that can be used as potassium and nitrogen. The acid milk serum in the tested conditions did not increase the growth of the culture.

scholarly journals Xanthomonas Wilt of Banana Drives Changes in Land-use and Ecosystem Services across Infected Landscapes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Ocimati ◽  
Jeroen Groot ◽  
Pablo Tittonell ◽  
Godfrey Taulya ◽  
Jules Ntamwira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
African Great Lakes ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Current Shift

Changes in land-use have been observed in banana-based systems in the African Great Lakes region affected by Xanthomonas wilt disease (XW) of banana. Through participatory focus group discussions (FGDs) and the 4-cell method, changes in land-use were retrospectively assessed in 13 XW-affected landscapes/villages along a 230 km transect from Masisi (XW arrived in 2001) to Bukavu (XW arrived around 2014) in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo during 2015. The four-cell chart ranked land-use by mapping the area under production and the number of households involved in production. Farmers’ perceptions on the sustainability of new land-uses were also documented. Soil nutrient content and erosion levels were measured for five major land-use options/ trajectories on 147 fields across 55 farms in three landscapes along the transect. From being ranked the most important crop (92% of landscapes i.e. produced on large areas of land and by many households) before XW outbreaks, its importance had declined with most households in 36% of the landscapes growing it on smaller farms while in 64% of cases by few households on smaller pots. Farmers uprooted entire banana mats or fields, expanding land under other crops, mainly beans, taro, sweet potato, cassava, maize, coffee and eucalyptus. Species richness did not change at landscape level, though 21 crops were introduced at farm level. Land-use for banana is however still perceived to be more sustainable due to its multi-functional roles. Soils under banana plots were found in general to be better in their chemical attributes while high erosion levels (Mg ha-1 year-1) were observed under cassava (1.7-148.9) compared with banana (0.3-10.7) and trees (0.3-5.9). The current shift away from banana could thus have profound effects on supply of key services and sustainability of the production systems. This study offers a good basis/entry point for interventions in the XW-affected landscapes.

scholarly journals EUCALYPTUS INICIAL GROWTH ON HUMIC CAMBISOL WITH APPLICATION OF LIMESTONE, GYPSUM, AND LIME MUD

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1788
Author(s):  
Priscylla Pfleger ◽  
Paulo Cezar Cassol ◽  
Marcia Aparecida Simonete
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Lime Mud ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Different Doses

The high demand for forest products in Brazil estimates a 2 million hectares increase in reforestation areas over the next 10 years, highlighting Eucalyptus species. However, these crops usually occur in acid soils that need correction to achieve high productivity. Besides limestone, lime mud, a residue from the cellulose industry, and gypsum can also be used as correctives, but there are doubts about doses and ways of application with the best results. Thus, were evaluated the soil chemical attributes, foliar nutrient content, and initial growth of a Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden crop in response to the application of limestone, lime mud, and gypsum in different doses and ways of applications, on a Humic Cambisol from Santa Catarina Plateau. The experiment was carried out with nine treatments in four replicates, where the evaluated parameters were determined up to 24 months after planting. In general, both limestone, lime mud, and gypsum, in different doses and ways of application, affected the chemical attributes of the soil but did not affect the foliar nutrient content at 12 months, height, and diameter at breast high (DBH) from trees and timber volume at 24 months. Gypsum do not correct soil acidity but lime mud provides similar results to limestone indicating that can substitute this corrective without damage to nutritional status and initial development of Eucalyptus dunnii.

Amelioration of sodic soils with blue-green algae

Soil Research ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Subhashini ◽  
BD Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Biological Input

Algal growth resulted in significant reductions in pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium and in hydraulic conductivity and aggregation status of the soil. There was a significant increase in the total nitrogen content of the soil due to algal growth. Two out of the three inoculated species of algae could establish in the pots along with the indigenous algal flora. Combination of gypsum and algal application were found to have appreciable reclamative properties, and the possibility of using algae as a biological input for the reclamation of sodic soils has been indicated.

scholarly journals Impact of irrigation techniques on rice yield and dynamics of zinc in plants and soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Phuong Dinh Thi Lan ◽  
Nga Nguyen Thi Hang ◽  
Hoa Nguyen Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Red River ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Zn Concentration

Zinc (Zn) insufficiency and water deficiency are primary challenges in intensive rice production systems. This study aims to examine the influence of two irrigation regimes, flood irrigation (FI) and water-saving irrigation (WSI), on rice grain yield and mobile Zn accumulation in soil and rice grains. Experiments were conducted in An Vien rice fields in the Tien Lu district, Hung Yen province, located in the middle of the Red River delta during four rice seasons from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that the WSI regime dramatically increased the grain yield and Zn concentrations in grain of rice. Grain yield was increased by 14.76% and grain Zn concentration by 17.93% when compared with the FI regime. The decrease in the mobile Zn concentration in soil was only 5.7% in the WSI technique, compared with 73.6% for FI techniques. Therefore, it can be concluded that WSI can be effective agricultural practice to elevate grain yield and increase Zn retention in soil and bioavailability in rice grains.

Effect of Herbicide and Manure Applications on Soil Chemistry and Growth of Fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. Quakenbush ◽  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Cattle Feedlot

The influence of manure and herbicide applications on weed-free fieldbeans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and root rot of fieldbeans was studied during 1978 and 1979 at Scottsbluff, Nebraska. Rates of cattle feedlot manure used were 0, 30000, 56000, 112000, or 168000 kg/ha. Preplant herbicide treatments used were alachlor [2-chloro-2′6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] at 3.4 kg/ha, EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) at 3.4 kg/ha, EPTC + trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) at 2.2 + 0.6 kg/ha, or dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) at 6.7 kg/ha. Manure rates of 56000 kg/ha or higher reduced fieldbean yields both years, but did not increase electrical conductivity or soil exchangeable sodium enough to explain these yield reductions. In 1978, but not in 1979, height and yield of weed-free fieldbeans were reduced by EPTC, EPTC + trifluralin, and alachlor treatments. A significant interaction between manure and herbicide treatments was not detected and none of the treatments increased the severity of root rot in either year.

scholarly journals COMPORTAMENTO ESPACIAL DA FUSARIOSE E DOS ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO NO CULTIVO DA PIMENTA-DO-REINO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Carla Da Penha Simon ◽  
Ana Carolina Lyra Brumat ◽  
Marcelo Barreto Da Silva ◽  
Bernardo Torres Olmo ◽  
Edney Leandro da Vitória ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Irregular Sampling ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Chemical Attributes

A pimenta-do-reino é a especiaria mais consumida no mundo e o Brasil destaca-se como um dos maiores produtores. Um dos grandes limitantes no seu cultivo é a fusariose (Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis). Objetivou-se com a realização deste estudo caracterizar a variabilidade espacial da fusariose em pimenta-do-reino, verificando a existência de relação com os atributos físicos e químicos do solo. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma lavoura localizada no município de São Mateus-ES, na qual foi estabelecida uma malha amostral irregular com 79 pontos, abrangendo uma área de um hectare.  Para a amostragem da fusariose foi realizado um levantamento, onde uma planta por ponto da malha amostral foi classificada em sadia, doente ou morta.  Os atributos do solo amostrados foram: pH em H2O, matéria orgânica, cálcio, magnésio, potássio e textura do solo. Os dados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva e ferramentas da geoestatística. Os semivariogramas ajustados apresentaram uma forte dependência espacial para as variáveis intensidade da fusariose, altimetria, matéria orgânica, textura do solo, pH, cálcio, magnésio potássio (89, 94, 92, 94, 93, 91, 100 e 85 % respectivamente). Os mapas gerados indicam que não há relação da intensidade da fusariose com os atributos do solo estudados no experimento.Palavra-chave: epidemiologia, Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, geoestatística, Piper nigrum L. SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF FUSARIOSE AND SOIL ATTRIBUTES IN THE BLACK PEPPER CULTIVATION  ABSTRACT:Black pepper is the most consumed spice in the world, Brazil stands out as one of the largest producers. One of the major constraints in cultivation is fusariosis (Fusarium solani f. Piperis). The objective of this study was characterize the spatial variability of fusariosis in black pepper and verify the relationship of chemical attributes of the soil. The study was developed in a tillage located in the municipality of São Mateus - ES, which exist an irregular sampling network was established with 79 points, covering an area of one hectare. For the sampling of fusariosis intensity, the survey was performed, where one plant per point of the sample mesh was classified as healthy, symptomatic or dead. The attributes of the soil sampled were: pH in H2O, organic matter, nutrient content (calcium, magnesium, potassium) and soil texture. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and geostatistics tools. The adjusted semivariograms indicated a strong spatial dependence for the variables intensity of fusariosis, altimetry, organic matter, soil texture, pH, calcium, potassium magnesium (89, 94, 92, 94, 93, 91, 100 and 85%, respectively). The generated maps indicate that there is no relation between the incidence of fusariosis and the soil attributes studied in the experiment.Keywords: epidemiology, Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, geostatistics, Piper nigrum L. DOI:

scholarly journals CORREÇÃO DA SODICIDADE DE DOIS SOLOS IRRIGADOS EM RESPOSTA À APLICAÇÃO DE GESSO AGRÍCOLA

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egeiza Moreira Leite ◽  
Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽  
Adriana Araújo Diniz ◽  
Rivaldo Vital dos Santos ◽  
Gibran Da Silva Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Irrigated Perimeter ◽  
Physical Degradation

CORREÇÃO DA SODICIDADE DE DOIS SOLOS IRRIGADOS EM RESPOSTA À APLICAÇÃO DE GESSO AGRÍCOLA  Egeiza Moreira Leite1; Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante1; Adriana Araujo Diniz1; Rivaldo Vital dos Santos2; Gibran da Silva Alves3; Italo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante41Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB, [email protected] de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB3Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB4Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP  1 RESUMO             Uma das limitações das áreas irrigadas, nas regiões áridas e semi-áridas, ao sistema produtivo é a degradação química e física dos solos pela salinidade e sodicidade. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do gesso sobre a condutividade elétrica, pH, percentagem de sódio trocável, teores de cálcio, magnésio, sódio do extrato de saturação e de sódio trocável de dois solos salino-sódicos: um do Perímetro Irrigado Engenheiro Arco Verde no município de Condado-PB e o outro do Perímetro Irrigado de São Gonçalo em Sousa-PB, conduziu-se um experimento em abrigo protegido do Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural do CCA/UFPB, Areia, PB. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x5 referente a dois solos e cinco doses de gesso equivalentes a 0; 3,2; 6,3; 9,4 e 12,5 g kg-1 de cada solo. Pelos resultados a incorporação do gesso exerceu efeito positivo sobre a redução da salinidade e da sodicidade dos solos. Os valores da condutividade elétrica, percentagem de sódio trocável, pH e os teores de sódio solúvel e trocável em relação aos que os solos possuíam antes da aplicação dos tratamentos, foram sensivelmente reduzidos e os de cálcio e magnésio incrementados com a incorporação do gesso em ambos os solos. UNITERMOS: salinidade, sódio trocável, recuperação de solo.  LEITE, E. M.; CAVALCANTE, L. F.; DINIZ, A. A.; SANTOS, R. V.; ALVES, G. S.; CAVALCANTE, I. H. L. SODICITY CORRECTION OF TWO IRRIGATED SOILS IN RESPONSE TO APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL GYPSUM  2 ABSTRACT             The chemical and physical degradation of the soils by salinity and sodicity problems constitutes a serious obstacle in productive irrigated areas in arid and semi-arid regions. An experiment was carried out in green house at the Soil and Rural Engeneering Department in the Centro de Ciências Agrárias of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Brazil, in order to evaluate the effect of gypsum on electrical conductivity, pH, exchangeable sodium percentage, sodium, calcium and magnesium content in saturation extract and exchangeable sodium of two saline-sodic soils: one from irrigated Perimeter Engenheiro Arco Verde in the municipality of Condado and another from irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo, in the municipality of Sousa,  both in Paraiba State,  Brazil.  The experiment factorial design 2 x 5 referred to two soils and five gypsum levels equivalent to 0; 3.2; 6.3; 9.4 and 12.5 gkg-1 for each soil. The gypsum application had positive effects on salinity and sodicity reduction. The valued for electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium percentage, pH and contents of soluble and exchangeable sodium in relation to soil data before the application of gypsum treatments in both soils  decreased. KEYWORDS: salinity, exchangeable sodium, soil reclamation

scholarly journals Land use and soil quality in peri-urban farms in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-174
Author(s):  
Agi Costa Cassimo ◽  
Paulo César Nascimento ◽  
Patrícia Lima De Lima ◽  
Carlos Gustavo Tornquist ◽  
Carlos Alberto Bissani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Small family farms constitute a major part of land use in the surrounding regions of Brazilian cities, as these farms not only contribute to the food supply, but also help conserve rural landscapes and improve environmental services. This study evaluated agricultural impacts on soil quality in seven family farms in Porto Alegre municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, RS. Selected production units (PUs) were managed as conventional or organic farms, producing horticultural crops, fruits and pastures, besides native forests. Soil samples were collected from representative areas for five use and management types, under disturbed and undisturbed conditions, at 0–20 cm depth. Physical and chemical attributes were analyzed, comparing the effects of types of land use. Data analysis showed that more affected attributes were soil density, macro and microporosity, phosphorus content, pH and electrical conductivity. Macroporosity, phosphorus, zinc and cooper contents are the greater threats to soil quality. Horticulture, under both agroecological and conventional production systems caused major changes compared to natural conditions.

scholarly journals Salinity Status of Lajas Valley Soils

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Juan A. Bonnet ◽  
Eduardo J. Brenes
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Alkali Soils ◽  
The World ◽  
Sodium Percentage

1. The area of soils surveyed in Lajas Valley was 24,656 acres. 2. The soils were classified into normal, saline, saline-alkali, and non- saline-alkali at depths of 0 to 8, 8 to 24, 24 to 48, and 48 to 72 inches, respectively. 3. A large percentage of normal soils was found in the upper soil layer and of saline-alkali soils in the lower layers. 4. Normal soils occupied about 86 percent of the surface area to a depth of 8 inches and about 63 percent at a depth of 8 to 24 inches. 5. Soils with a salinity problem increased from 9 percent at a depth of 8 inches to 28.3, 58.8 and 68.5 percent, respectively, at depths of 8 to 24, 24 to 48, and 48 to 72 inches. 6. The soils with a salinity problem were largely of the saline-alkali class. 7. In four soil-profile samples taken from Lajas Valley, the saturation percentage varied from 58 to 191, the electrical conductivity from 0.8 to 28.4 millimhos per centimeter, the exchangeable-sodium percentage from 2.2 to 46.0, the soil pH from 8.1 to 8.9, the content of gypsum from 0 to 21.9 tons per acre-foot, the gypsum requirement from 0 to 23.8 tons per acre-foot, and the hydraulic conductivity from less than 0.005 to 6.24 inches of water per hour. Higher gypsum contents were found in the deep subsoil layers of two soils (profiles 1 and 4). Amounts of gypsum varying from 9.9 to 20.3 tons per acre-foot of depth, are required for the reclamation of the surface layers of these two profiles. In general, the hydraulic- conductivity values show that the soil-surface layers are more permeable than the subsoil layers. 8. The procedure and methods used in this paper were found to be accurate, simple, rapid, and practical. They are recommended for the coordination of data related to the classification and reclamation of soils affected by salinity problems in the different countries of the world.

scholarly journals Presence of glyphosate can harm the germination of bean seeds treated with biostimulant

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorgiani de Ávila ◽  
Fernanda Brito Cardoso ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira de Lima ◽  
Gustavo Ribeiro Barzotto ◽  
Mayara Santana Zanella
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Different Doses

It is possible to cultivate common beans for a third harvest in one agricultural year due to varietal characteristics. For calendar adequacy, performing desiccation and planting often occur almost simultaneously. Germination performance of many plant species can improve with biostimulant use on seeds, however the interaction with herbicide residual molecules is unknown. The hypothesis is that seeds treated with a biostimulant in soil with glyphosate residues can eliminate the advantage of the biostimulant or increase the damage caused by the herbicide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different glyphosate reduce doses and the interaction with biostimulant on bean seed germination and vigor. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized 2 x 5 factorial block designing factorial 2 x 5, corresponding to the presence and absence of biostimulant and five different doses of glyphosate reduce rates, with four repetitions. The conducted evaluations were first count germination, germination test, accelerated aging, cold test, root and shoot length, root and shoot dry matter and electrical conductivity. It can be concluded that the biostimulant treatment on bean seeds increased germination, seed vigor and early seedling growth, but glyphosate presence reduced those advantages, increasing electrical conductivity. However, the herbicide presence provided higher germination on the accelerated aging test.  

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