scholarly journals The Consumption of Water Resources During Coronavirus Infection Spreading (on the example of Great Britain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
A.A. Makoshenets ◽  
Statsenko O.V. ◽  
S.N. Semenova

The aim of the work is to study and compare Russian and foreign experience of environmental regulation in the field of water consumption on the example of Great Britain, as well as to borrow the positive experience available in other countries. The research tasks are: a) to study the situation of water consumption in Russia; b) to review the experience of water resources consumption in the UK during the pandemic; c) to analyze the experience of environmental regulation in the countries. The relevance of the proposed topic is due to the present changes in human life due to quarantine restrictions.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Valeria E. Romanova ◽  

This article discusses the features of the provision of qualified legal assistance by an attorney and conducting court proceedings during the spread of a new coronavirus infection, as well as technical solutions for continuation of work in a remote format. The author of the article provides analysis of the experience of working in Russia and the UK. The article also raises the question of the digitalization of legal services and the new directions for the provision of legal assistance by attorneys and conducting court proceedings within the framework of the forced accelerated technical development of society.


Author(s):  
Кристина Александровна Насреддинова

В 2020 г. мир впервые столкнулся с ограничениями в реализации прав и свобод граждан, связанных с их свободным передвижением не только между странами, но и внутри страны, города и даже улицы. Это произошло в связи с распространением новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19), заболевание которой ставило под угрозу жизнь и здоровье большого числа граждан. В деятельности пенитенциарных учреждений мира также произошли серьезные изменения, связанные с обеспечением безопасности жизни и здоровья сотрудников УИС и осужденных (обвиняемых и подозреваемых). Пенитенциарные учреждения были вынуждены ограничить заключенных в реализации отдельных их прав и законных интересов с целью соблюдения санитарно-противоэпидемических (профилактических) мер, направленных на недопущение возникновения и распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). К наиболее резонансным ограничениям относят приостановление реализации права осужденных на краткосрочные и длительные свидания, запрет на выезд осужденных за пределы пенитенциарных учреждений, ограничение в перемещениях внутри пенитенциарного учреждения. Автором анализируется деятельность пенитенциарных учреждений в России и Великобритании в условиях распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19), отмечается положительный опыт, который они смогли наработать в этих условиях. Изучены особенности работы представителей общественной наблюдательной комиссии в России и Инспекции тюрем Ее Величества (HM ChiefInspectorofPrisons) в Великобритании, основной целью деятельности которых являлось оценить работу пенитенциарных учреждений в условиях пандемии с точки зрения соблюдения ими реализации основных прав и законных интересов осужденных (подозреваемых и обвиняемых). Автором рассмотрена работа конкретных пенитенциарных учреждений в Великобритании; приведены примеры положительного опыта реализации прав осужденных, направленных на поддержание семейных связей при полном отсутствии как краткосрочных, так и длительных свиданий; показаны реальные проблемные вопросы, с которыми столкнулись тюрьмы Великобритании, и каким образом их пытались решить. Анализируя работу территориальных органов ФСИН России, были приведены примеры работы УФСИН России по Самарской области и ГУФСИН России по Красноярскому краю, которые быстро и эффективно смогли реализовать в своих исправительных учреждениях предоставление осужденным в отсутствие краткосрочных и длительных свиданий права на видеозвонки семье и близким. На основе обобщения положительного опыта работы пенитенциарных учреждений Великобритании и России были сделаны выводы о необходимости продолжить работу, направленную и цифровизацию всех пенитенциарных учреждений, и, конечно, активно использовать для поощрения осужденных право на видеообщение со своими родными и близкими. Отмечается, что и после пандемии в качестве одной из возможностей реализации своей деятельности должна остаться работа судов, представителей общественной наблюдательной комиссии и других правоохранительных и контролирующих органов в режиме видеоконференции. Therefore, in the work of all penal institutions of the world, there have been serious changes in their activities related to ensuring the safety of the life and health of prison officers, as well as convicts (accused and suspects). All penitentiary institutions were forced to restrict the exercise of certain rights and legitimate interests of their prisoners, in order to comply with sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures aimed at preventing the emergence and spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). One of the most resonant restrictions is the suspension of the implementation of the right of convicts to short-term and long-term visits, the ban on the departure of convicts outside of penitentiary institutions, restrictions on movement within the penitentiary institution. In the article, the author analyzes the activities of penitentiary institutions in Russia and the United Kingdom, in the context of the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), as well as the positive experience that they were able to gain in these conditions. The article examines the specifics of the work of representatives of the public monitoring commission in Russia and the HM Chief Inspector of Prisons in the UK, whose main purpose was to assess the work of penitentiary institutions in terms of their compliance with the implementation of the basic rights and legitimate interests of convicted persons (suspects and accused) in the context of the pandemic. The author reviewed the work of specific penitentiary institutions in the UK, gave examples of positive experience in the implementation of the rights of convicts aimed at maintaining family ties in the complete absence of both short-term and long-term visits. He showed the real problematic issues faced by the UK prisons, and how they tried to solve these issues. Analyzing the work of the territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, examples were given of the work of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Samara region and the GUFSIN of Russia in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which, for example, quickly and effectively managed to implement in their correctional institutions the provision of convicts, in the absence of short and long visits, the right to video calls with family and friends. Based on the generalization of the positive experience of the penitentiary institutions of Great Britain and Russia, conclusions were drawn about the need to continue the work aimed at digitalization of all penitentiary institutions, and of course actively use the right to video communication with their relatives and friends to encourage convicts. And the work of the courts, representatives of the public monitoring commission and other law enforcement and regulatory bodies in the VKS mode and after the pandemic should remain as one of the opportunities for implementing their activities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (29) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Mykola Ivanovich Inshyn ◽  
Oksana Vasilievna Pchelina ◽  
Tatiana Mikhailovna Yamnenko ◽  
Hаlyna Viktorivna Tatarenko

The objective of the article is to study the positive experience of foreign countries in exercising departmental control over the activities of judges and to identify possible ways of its application in Ukraine. While writing the article the author has used general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition, namely: systematic, comparative and legal, functional and documentary analysis. Based on the analysis of scientific sources the author has studied the experience of the UK, France, Poland, Asian in exercising departmental control over the activities of judges. It has been determined that quite different approaches have been currently developed in Europe regarding the exercise of departmental control over the activities of judges, which is conditioned by the specifics of the legal systems of countries in general and the judicial system in particular. At the same time, despite the presence of certain differences, this does not exclude the possibility of applying the relevant positive foreign experience in our country. Based on the results of the conducted research, the following has been suggested, taking into account international experience in exercising departmental control over the activities of judges: a) to optimize the system of entities, which are authorized to exercise control over the activity in the specified sphere; b) to create a legislative base for exercising departmental control over the activities of judges, in particular by developing and adopting a single legal act in this area; c) to strengthen the supervision over the courts while maintaining the limits of the independence of judges; d) to expand the financial and logistical support of the entities of departmental control; e) to create organizational and legal conditions, where judges will in no way be able to influence the departmental control; f) to develop a clear and understandable system for evaluating the performance of judges.


Author(s):  
Elena Vladimirovna Frolova

Due to their isolation and the ability to limit communication with the outside world, many island states managed to quickly localize the spread of the epidemic, as a result of which the incidence and mortality rates were much lower than in the whole world. So, in Australia, the number of detected cases as of the beginning of autumn 2021 was about 50,000, of which 993 cases had fatal outcomes (ranking 118th in the world); in New Zealand, a total of 3,380 cases of the disease were detected (of which 26 were fatal); on the island of Greenland a total of 326 cases of the disease without deaths were registered. At the same time, the UK in terms of the number of cases came close to the mark of 7 million people, as a result of which it ranked 6th in the world. It was in Great Britain that the «delta» strain was one of the first registered, which caused many states to close their air borders with Great Britain. Only according to official statistics, in the UK, the coronavirus infection was registered in every tenth inhabitant of the country. At the same time, the UK occupies one of the leading places in the world in terms of vaccination rates — as of September 1, 70 % of the population received two doses of the vaccine. A feature of English healthcare is its statehood — funding for the needs of medicine is carried out not at the expense of insurance premiums, but at the expense of tax deductions. The central government allocates state funds to the Ministry of Health, which is responsible for further allocation of funds. Despite the fact that in July 2021 the daily number of newly diagnosed cases of the disease was one of the highest in the world, the government of the country announced the lifting of all quarantine restrictions from July 19.


Author(s):  
Ramiz Tagirov ◽  
◽  
Maya Zeynalova ◽  

The article examines the problem of fresh water, since in terms of water supply from its own resources per capita and per 1 km2, the republic is 8 times behind Georgia, 2 times behind Armenia. Significant water consumption in Azerbaijan is caused by its arid territory with a predominance of active temperature and a lack of precipitation, which leads to intensive irrigation of crops. At the same time, artificial irrigation is used on 70% of the cultivated land.


Author(s):  
M.V. Medvedev , G.N. Suvorov , S.S. Zenin et all

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to study the essence of ethical problems that arise in the field of genetic screening for prenatal diagnosis (PND) and determine possible ways to overcome them by legal means, taking into account the existing foreign experience. Materials and methods. Normative legal acts and doctrinal sources of Great Britain, Germany, Ireland, France and Switzerland are studied. Methods used: General philosophical, General scientific, private scientific, special (structural-legal, comparative-legal, formal-legal). Results. Ways to resolve ethical problems that arise or may arise in the future as a result of genetic screening for PND, which can be applied within the Russian legal system, are proposed. Conclusions. It is stated that most of the identified ethical problems are related to the lack of normative consolidation of the legal status of the fetus. It is presumed that the beginning of ethics should serve as the guide for legislation in this area. At the same time, it is emphasized that the legal regulation of genetic screening in PND should be flexible enough to optimally ensure the interests of all participants in these relationships. In addition, in this direction, it seems appropriate to refer to the experience of a number of foreign countries, whose legislation provides for fairly strict requirements in the field of PND.


2021 ◽  
pp. 136754942110060
Author(s):  
Beth Johnson ◽  
Alison Peirse

This article draws on the 2018 Writers Guild of Great Britain report ‘Gender Inequality and Screenwriters’, and original interviews with female screenwriters, to assess how the experience of genre plays out in the UK television industry. The report focuses on the experience of women, as a single category, but we aim to reveal a more intersectional understanding of their experiences. Our aim is to better understand the ways in which women are, according to the report, consistently ‘pigeonholed by genre and are unable to move from continuing drama or children’s programming to prime-time drama, comedy or light-entertainment’. Considering the cultural value of genre in relation to screenwriting labour and career progression, we analyse how genre shapes career trajectory, arguing that social mobility for female screenwriters is inherently different and unequal to that of their male counterparts.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4081
Author(s):  
Adrian Czajkowski ◽  
Leszek Remiorz ◽  
Sebastian Pawlak ◽  
Eryk Remiorz ◽  
Jakub Szyguła ◽  
...  

The present paper describes the problem and effects of water scarcity and the possibility of rational use of this resource in the idea of a Circular Economy (CE) and sustainable development. Rational water management requires innovation, due to the growing demand for this raw material. It seems that water is widely available, e.g., in Poland, there is no problem with drought. Unfortunately, Polish water resources are shrinking and modern solutions, as well as the construction of new and modernisation of old infrastructure, are some of the few solutions that can protect against a shortage of potable water. Water is also an essential resource for economic development. It is used in every sector of the economy. Limited water resources lead to an inevitable energy transformation because, in its present state, the Polish energy industry consumes huge amounts of water. Due to the above statements, the authors propose a solution in the form of an interactive shower panel that contributes to more rational water management (e.g., in households or hotels) based on the latest technological achievements. This device enables the creation of water consumption statistics based on accurate liquid flow measurements and the transfer of data to the user’s mobile device. This innovation aims to make the user aware of the amount of water used, which in turn can contribute to lower water consumption.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Rui Chen ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Xu Xiao

The Resource Tax Law was officially implemented on September 1, 2020, in China. This law presents the “Fee-to-Tax” reform of water resources. This article compares the effects of the “Fee-to-Tax” reform under asymmetric duopoly conditions with perfect information. The mechanisms of the two policies are different when all firms simultaneously respond to water resources: the water resource fee affects output by reducing market size, while the water resource tax reduces output by amplifying the weighted cost difference effects between companies. Water resource taxes work better than fees for eliminating backward production capacity. A comparison of the situation when companies respond sequentially is also carried out. When a low-cost firm is in the leading position, the collection of fees actually reduces the output difference, whereas the tax improves it. When a high-cost firm acts as a leader, the effects depend on the cost difference. When the cost difference between firms is small, the first-move advantage of high-cost firms dominates the cost advantages of low-cost firms. Therefore, a higher tax rate yields a smaller output difference. When cost differences are relatively larger, the cost advantage of low-cost firms dominates the first-move advantage of high-cost firms. As the operational cost for reducing water consumption increases, the reduced water consumption first increases and then decreases.


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