Toxicological Assessment of the Impact of Metallurgical Industry Waste on the Environmental Properties of Light Gray Forest Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
L.P. Stepanova ◽  
A.V. Pisareva ◽  
V.E. Tsukanavichute
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
The Impact

A comprehensive assessment of the degree of degradation of light gray forest soils and their environmental sustainability to natural processes and regimes, anthropogenic stresses occurring in the soil profile is presented. Toxicological study shown soil conditions in the areas of technogenic impact of dump slag of industrial aluminum casting waste in the Oryol region. Studies of the impact of slag dumps on the environment, in particular the effect on soil, water and vegetation cover, are given.

SOIL CONDITIONS OF FOREST VEGETATION GROWTH OF NORTHERN VOLGA

10.12737/3822 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Жубрин ◽  
Denis Zhubrin ◽  
Сабиров ◽  
Ayrat Sabirov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Conducting soil studies are relevant in determining the subordination of forest types and biodiversity of vegetation to soil taxa, in determining the dependence of basic forest stand productivity from soil conditions, in creating a land registry and economic assessment of forest land, in studying the soil evolution of forest plantations under the impact of anthropogenic influences. Soil is the most important environmental factor in shaping the productivity and biodiversity of forest phytocenosis. The study of forest soils is also important in terms of basic research of their genesis, evolution. The article presents the results of research of soil conditions of vegetation growth of forest ecosystems of northern regions of Volga of the Republic of Tatarstan. The main types of forest soils are characterized in the paper. The studied forest formations grow on various soils on genesis and forest vegetation properties: sod-podzol, gray forest, brown forest, brown forest sandy, alluvial meadow, rendziny soil. The granulometric structure of soils varies from sandy to the clay. The well structured soils are formed on loamy layers under forest phytocenosis canopy. Pine and spruce ecosystems have a medi-decomposed litter of moder and multi-moder types; linden, oak, birch and aspen biogeocoenoses have strong-decomposed litter of multi type, that characterizes the intense biological cycle of substances in forest ecosystems. The wide range of place conditions of territories causes the biological diversity of forest vegetation at the level of species and ecosystems.

scholarly journals The impact of ecological soil conditions on the radiation situation formation in the areas contaminated after the accident on Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

2016 ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
B. Prister ◽  
V. Pronevych
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Radioactive Pollution ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
The Impact

The features of formation radiation situation in agricultural production in the areas contaminated by the Chernobyl accident were considered. On the basis of the summarized post-accident experience, assessment was made of the effectiveness of countermeasures to reduce the level of radioactive contamination of agricultural products. The current problems and scientific challenges to support agricultural production in the area of radioactive contamination in the remote period after the accident were formulated. It is shown that the use of modern technology and employing profitable agricultural production is the best way of rehabilitation contaminated areas. Natural processes of rehabilitation will not help to normalize the radiation situation theretore carrying out countermeasures in contaminated areas is vital. The developed technologies are the most effective which make it possible to carry out targeted countermeasures in individual households and small arrays. Monitoring the distribution of radioactive pollution, behavior of radionuclides in the related environment and forecast of their migration allows developing and implementing the most reasonable management decisions to improve the radioecological situation.

scholarly journals Methods of Protection Forest Soils during Logging Operations (Review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-116
Author(s):  
Aleksey S. Ilintsev ◽  
◽  
Elena N. Nakvasina ◽  
Lars Högbom ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Forest Operations ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Protection Forest ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Impact

Public opinion has become increasingly critical of current logging methods and technologies, and there is a demand for standards to guide the operations of environmentally impactful industries. For many years, numerous researchers have studied the impact of logging on forest soils, revealing that there is a high risk of damaging forest soil during forest operations and terrain transport. Here we analyse and review a total of 105 publications in this area. This large body of work demonstrates the scientific interest that this field has attracted. Despite this, important areas of uncertainty concerning the impact of forest harvesting still remain. In particular, changes in soil conditions can affect soil properties in ways that are not well understood, with possible impacts on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils as well as the structure of the soil cover. While it is difficult to fully eliminate the negative impact of forest operations on forest soils, their adverse environmental consequences should be minimised because soil plays a vital role in tree regeneration and helps determine the productivity of future forest stands. Some of the most frequently cited measures and effective technological solutions to minimize damage to forest soils involve taking terrain and different technical solutions into account when organising logging operations. Potentially helpful technical solutions include selecting machines and mechanisms suitable for the site conditions, using larger and/or low-pressure tyres, using tyre pressure control, using anti-skid tracks, using track belts, meliorating wet areas, and using logging machinery incorporating global positioning systems and geographic information systems. Planning measures that can help minimize soil damage include choosing a suitable wood harvesting system and technology, accounting for seasonal factors when planning logging operations, planning networks of roads and trails in advance, leaving wood residues or mats on soil surface, training forest specialists, and reducing the number of machine passes over skid trails and strip roads. Despite active interest in applying sparing methods of wood harvesting, uptake of measures designed to reduce negative impacts on forest soils after logging has been limited. This may be due to a lack of scientific and technical information and the high cost of implementing best management practices. Moreover, economic factors and production plans may require wood harvesting throughout the year, irrespective of conditions. For citation: Ilintsev A.S., Nakvasina E.N., Högbom L. Methods of Protection Forest Soils during Logging Operations (Review). Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 92–116. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-92-116

The Impact of Paleocryogenesis on the Formation of Gray Forest Soils in Central Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1354-1364
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Ovchinnikov ◽  
V. M. Alifanov ◽  
O. I. Khudyakov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Impact

Formation of erosion resistance of gray forest soils in the conditions of Carpathian region

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kachmar ◽  
O. Vavrynovych ◽  
A. Dubytska ◽  
V. Ivaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Illuvial Horizon ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To study the impact of perennial grasses mixtures on the formation of erosion resistance of gray forest soils of different degradation degree and their unmodifi ed analogues in conditions of long-term permanent experiment. Methods. Field, laboratory, assessment and comparison. Results. It was established that lupine- cereal grass mixtures increased erosion resistance of slope soils considerably within fi fteen years. The sum of soil structural aggregates was improved from satisfactory into good category. There were positive changes in the number of water-resistant aggregates as well. The studies confi rmed a positive impact of legume-grasses on the density and porosity of soil. Soil density was the lowest when the slope was laid down in perennial lupine and its mixture with cereal grasses. The intensifi cation of soil erosion and the approximation of the illuvial horizon level to the surface resulted in the compaction of upper soil layers to 1.29–1.44 g/cc. General porosity of soil correlated with its density which did not exceed optimal values in poorly eroded soils in upper layers. The studies proved the impact of the ways of laying down the slope in grass and the level of soil degradation on its humidity and water permeability. In the experiment conditions, the increase in soil degradation led to the decrease in its moisture. The decrease in the content of humidity in crop fi eld took place at the expense of higher intensity of the growth and water consumption of lupine-cereal grasses in comparison with natural mixed herbs, especially in the periods with a small amount of precipitation. The difference in the upper soil layers was in the range of 0.2–0.5 %. It was established that the highest values of soil water permeability were formed on lupine-cereal grass mixtures in all the variants of degraded soils. Conclusions. Laying down slope lands in perennial lupine in combination with cereal grasses promotes the formation of their higher resistance to erosion processes and restoration of fertility. Perennial legume-cereal mixtures ensure the improvement of structural-aggregate state, total density and porosity of soil, enhance its water supply and water permeability.

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Soil Geochemical Anomalies in the Zone of Impact of Slag Residuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P. Stepanova ◽  
E.V. Yakovleva ◽  
A.V. Pisareva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Slag Dump ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

The 13-year-old (from 2003 to 2016) dynamics of soil contamination for the content of heavy metals in the area of the village of Bolshoye Dumchino of the Mtsensk District in the territory adjacent to the slag dump of Mtsensk Foundry was studied. It is shown that on the territory of the placement of slag residuals a techno geochemical anomaly is formed, in which the contained heavy metals are of technogenic and genetic (natural geochemical) nature. To identify the effect of anthropogenic factor on soil pollution with heavy metals, was determined the refined enrichment factor of heavy metals (EFHM) in light gray forest soils at different distances from the slag dump, allowing to calculate the proportion of technogeneity of metals as a percentage of its total content. The technogenic origin of heavy metals as pollutants and the role of humus soil horizons in fixing these metals in the soil profile have been proven. Analysis of the results characterizing the degree of enrichment of the genetic horizons of light gray forest soils with heavy metals for the period 2003–2016 convincingly proves the effect of maximum accumulation of slag residuals in the dump on the accumulation intensity and fixation of the studied metals, both in the upper humus layer and their distribution in the profile soil. The established patterns in changing the degree of enrichment and technogenicity of heavy metals in the profile of light-gray forest soil are caused not only by the impact of the slag dump as a source of pollution, but also by the peculiarities of using the soils of the studied territories. It is shown that the toxic load for the analyzed period not only did not decrease, but even increased.

INFLUENCE OF PARTICULAR AGROTECHNICAL METHODS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT SEEDS IN THE VOLGA AREA OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Ганиев ◽  
Azat Ganiev ◽  
Галиев ◽  
Fail Galiev ◽  
Шайхутдинов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Direct Dependence ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Based on the results of three years of research on the impact of particular agricultural methods on productivity and quality of spring wheat seeds on the dark gray forest soils of the Volga area of the Republic of Tatarstan, we revealed a direct dependence of this factor on the density of stalks and nutrition background.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION OF ASSEMBLY ASPHALT CONCRETE PLATE REINFORCED BY POLYMER LAYERS IN THE DESIGN OF TRANSPORTATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF FOREST HANDLING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sharow
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Temporal Placement ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

Low bearing capacity of soils, thin easily vulnerable soil cover determine the need to take into account soil and soil conditions, damage to the fertile layer from the impact of technology in the process of planning the spatial and temporal placement of logging and designing transport and technological processes in order to preserve conditions for reforestation and preserve biodiversity. Taking the stability of forest soils and soils, when exposed to logging and forestry equipment, the ability to regenerate the soil and restore conditions for natural reforestation, the forests of the European-Ural region are divided into five classes. The main indicators of the classification of the resistance of forest soils and soils to the technological process of logging are deformability, compaction, fertility and reforestation capacity of soils. The low quality of logging highways with a high axle load and an increase in logging volumes requires a more accelerated development of the industry of road-building materials and products, designed for maximum mechanization and industrialization of their production. A prefabricated pavement slab (PSP) made of asphalt concrete, reinforced with at least two layers of polymer reinforcement, can be manufactured in an industrial environment subject to all the required technological standards and conditions, which will allow setting the required strength characteristics.

scholarly journals A digital landscape map of I.I. Sprygin Zhiguli State Nature Biosphere Reserve as a basis for analyzing natural processes and their monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Nikolay I. Klimakov ◽  
Anna M. Aleinikova ◽  
Aleksandr A. Aleinikov ◽  
Victoria A. Vekhnik ◽  
Ekaterina D. Borisova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Digital Landscape ◽  
Landscape Map ◽  
State Nature

This paper discusses the landscape features of I.I. Sprygin Zhiguli State Nature Biosphere Reserve based on the completed landscape map. The landscape map was created using the results of our own field observations, analysis of literature sources and interpretation of satellite images. Two landscapes and 34 tracts are presented on the map, which were distinguished by the nature of the relief and the characteristics of the vegetation and soil cover. Pine forests on the slopes of large and medium steepness on sod-carbonate soils, rocky mountain steppes with endemic red-book herbaceous plants growing on soil plaque from eluvial deposits are typical for the reserve. Broad-leaved forests are typical on the plateau and slopes, represented by linden heart-shaped, maple on the gray forest soils. Most of the reserve is occupied by plateau-like surfaces beneath the secondary birch and maple forests at the site of felling and logging on dark gray forest soils. When comparing the study and the cartographic materials of the 1980s, it can be concluded that aspen forests have almost completely disappeared and have been replaced with maple or birch forests. Anthropogenic landscapes occupy 280 hectares or 1,2% of the total area of the reserve and are cut through clearings under power lines, roads and paths with no tree vegetation. Dirt roads and power lines are located mainly on the plateau-like part of the reserve.

The methodological approach for the determination of the pressure of artificial raindrops as a question of the theory of splash soil erosion

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Mihail Zver'kov
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Rain Drops ◽  
Artificial Rain ◽  
The Impact

To the article the results of the theoretical and experimental researches are given on questions of estimates of the dynamic rate effect of raindrop impact on soil. The aim of this work was to analyze the current methods to determine the rate of artificial rain pressure on the soil for the assessment of splash erosion. There are the developed author’s method for calculation the pressure of artificial rain on the soil and the assessment of splash erosion. The study aims to the justification of evaluation methods and the obtaining of quantitative characteristics, prevention and elimination of accelerated (anthropogenic) erosion, the creation and the realization of the required erosion control measures. The paper considers the question of determining the pressure of artificial rain on the soil. At the moment of raindrops impact, there is the tension in the soil, which is called vertical effective pressure. It is noted that the impact of rain drops in the soil there are stresses called vertical effective pressure. The equation for calculation of vertical effective pressure is proposed in this study using the known spectrum of raindrops. Effective pressure was 1.4 Pa for the artificial rain by sprinkler machine «Fregat» and 5.9 Pa for long distance sprinkler DD-30. The article deals with a block diagram of the sequence for determining the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. This diagram was created by the author’s method of calculation of the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. The need for an integrated approach to the description of the artificial rain impact on the soil is noted. Various parameters characterizing drop erosion are considered. There are data about the mass of splashed soil in the irrigation of various irrigation machinery and installations. For example, the rate (mass) of splashed soil was 0.28…0.78 t/ha under irrigation sprinkler apparatus RACO 4260–55/701C in the conditions of the Ryazan region. The method allows examining the environmental impact of sprinkler techniques for analyzes of the pressure, caused by raindrops, on the soil. It can also be useful in determining the irrigation rate before the runoff for different types of sprinkler equipment and soil conditions.

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