scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERIODONTAL TISSUES AND DENTAL PULP

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Denis Moiseev ◽  
Vitalij Rumyantsev ◽  
Sergey Volkov ◽  
Maria Kulyukina ◽  
Anton Konov
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Tooth Pulp ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Stage Scanning

Researchers are currently paying more and more attention to the combined pathology of the tooth pulp and periodontal. At the same time, the peculiarities of the structure of the alveolar bone, the cement of the tooth root and the root canal system that cause their interrelation and mutual influence remain insufficiently studied. The main elements of the connection between the pulp and periodontal tissues are not only apical openings and additional channels, but also other ways of interaction, the study of which is of great interest for understanding the features of pathogenesis, prognosis and treatment of combined diseases of the tooth pulp and periodontal. The aim of the study is to identify the topographical and anatomical features of the structure of the roots of teeth of different functional groups and the surfaces of their holes when studying on human cadaver material. The hypothesis of the study is that the number of openings of the Haversov channels and their localization in the moons are due to the functional affiliation of the teeth and they have their own characteristics. Material and methods. The study was conducted on jawbones with teeth obtained from embalmed corpses of adults of different genders and ages. After appropriate preparation, at the first stage, microscopy of the alveolar surfaces was performed, followed by morphometric analysis of the photos. At the second stage, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the surfaces of the roots of teeth previously extracted from the same wells of the jaws was performed. Results and discussion. All the preparations were systematized according to the number and topography of the identified holes of the Haversov channels. Because of the assessment of morphometric indicators, the number of holes, the density of their location and the diameter were determined, depending on the functional affiliation of the teeth. The analysis of microphotographs obtained because of SEM allowed us to determine the structural features of the surfaces of the roots of the teeth. Conclusions. The number, density and diameter of the holes of the Haversov channels are determined by the functional affiliation of the tooth. With the help of SEM, micro cracks and areas of root dentin exposure were found on the surfaces of the roots of the teeth for the first time, which can contribute to the translocation of pathogenic microbiota from the periodontal pocket to the pulp of the tooth and vice versa.

Environment-sensitive hydrogels as potential drug delivery systems for the treatment of periodontitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 975-985
Author(s):  
Jie Huang ◽  
Zirun Wang ◽  
Sigdel Krishna ◽  
Qin Hu ◽  
Ming Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Treatment Frequency ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms colonized in periodontal pocket. The disease leading to the destruction of periodontal tissues including gums, periodontal ligaments, dental cementum and alveolar bone has been regarded as a latent risk factor of other medical problems. The therapeutic effects of periodontitis are unsatisfactory currently, though a great many strategies have been used to enhance the results of its treatments. Recently, environment-sensitive hydrogels have been proposed to be drug delivery systems for this disease, which possesses environment-response, less system side effects as well as reduced treatment frequency. In this mini-review, we present the changes of periodontitis micro-environment, and then introduce various environment-sensitive hydrogels as drug delivery systems in the treatment of periodontitis. Finally, the limitations and aspects to improve of this vehicle applied to the treatment of periodontitis are discussed. We hope this review will provide better understanding of the hydrogel applications in periodontitis therapy.

Study of functional state of microcirculatory channel system in periodontal tissues in persons of different age groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Orekhova ◽  
A. A. Petrov ◽  
E. S. Loboda ◽  
I. V. Berezkina ◽  
K. V. Shadrina
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

Relevance. The study of age-related features of microcirculation in periodontal tissues, using non-invasive functional research methods, allows us to develop the optimal range of therapeutic measures, as well as form a “personalized therapeutic case”.Purpose. Study of the functional state of the microvasculature in the tissues of the parodont in individuals of various age groups.Materials and methods. A standard dental examination of 80 patients was carried out, the sample of participants was ranked in 4 groups by age: 1 group – 12 years old, 2 group – 15 years old, 3 group – from 16 to 18 years old, 4 group – from 22 to 24 years old. Hygiene and periodontal indices were determined for all patients, such as papillarymarginal-alveolar (PMA) in the Parma modification, the Mulleman bleeding index in the Cowell modification (SBI), and the simplified Green Vermillion index of oral hygiene (OHI–s), caries intensity indicators for a permanent bite (CPI), as well as ultrasound dopplerography of periodontal tissues using the apparatus "Minimax-Doppler-K".Results. When studying microcirculation in periodontal tissues, distinctive characteristics of linear (Vas) and volumetric (Qas) blood flow rates, as well as indicators of pulsation indices (PI) and peripheral resistance (RI) in people of different age groups were recorded.Conclusions. This study confirms the presence of various hemodynamic indicators of periodontal tissues in the studied groups, which is due to structural features of the circulatory system in age periods.

Orthodontic Force–Induced BMAL1 in PDLCs Is a Vital Osteoclastic Activator

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110199
Author(s):  
Y. Xie ◽  
Q. Tang ◽  
S. Yu ◽  
W. Zheng ◽  
G. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Orthodontic Force ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling ◽  
Biomechanical Stimuli

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) depends on periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) sensing biomechanical stimuli and subsequently releasing signals to initiate alveolar bone remodeling. However, the mechanisms by which PDLCs sense biomechanical stimuli and affect osteoclastic activities are still unclear. This study demonstrates that the core circadian protein aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator–like protein 1 (BMAL1) in PDLCs is highly involved in sensing and delivering biomechanical signals. Orthodontic force upregulates BMAL1 expression in periodontal tissues and cultured PDLCs in manners dependent on ERK (extracellular signal–regulated kinase) and AP1 (activator protein 1). Increased BMAL1 expression can enhance secretion of CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine 2) and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor–κB ligand) in PDLCs, which subsequently promotes the recruitment of monocytes that differentiate into osteoclasts. The mechanistic delineation clarifies that AP1 induced by orthodontic force can directly interact with the BMAL1 promoter and activate gene transcription in PDLCs. Localized administration of the ERK phosphorylation inhibitor U0126 or the BMAL1 inhibitor GSK4112 suppressed ERK/AP1/BMAL1 signaling. These treatments dramatically reduced osteoclastic activity in the compression side of a rat orthodontic model, and the OTM rate was almost nonexistent. In summary, our results suggest that force-induced expression of BMAL1 in PDLCs is closely involved in controlling osteoclastic activities during OTM and plays a vital role in alveolar bone remodeling. It could be a useful therapeutic target for accelerating the OTM rate and controlling pathologic bone-remodeling activities.

scholarly journals Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mediates bone resorption in periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yu ◽  
Tianyi Zhang ◽  
Haibin Lu ◽  
Qi Ma ◽  
Dong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
Trap Staining ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract Background Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an important immune factor that mediates bone metabolism by regulating the functions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Bone loss is a serious and progressive result of periodontitis. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of G-CSF on periodontal inflammation have yet not been completely elucidated. Here, we examined whether an anti-G-CSF antibody could inhibit bone resorption in a model of experimental periodontitis and investigated the local expression of G-CSF in periodontal tissues. Methods Experimental periodontitis was induced in mice using ligatures. The levels of G-CSF in serum and bone marrow were measured; immunofluorescence was then performed to analyze the localization and expression of G-CSF in periodontal tissues. Mice with periodontitis were administered anti-G-CSF antibody by tail vein injection to assess the inhibition of bone resorption. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed to measure bone destruction‐related parameters via micro-computed tomography analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was used to investigate the presence of osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to observe osteoclast activity in alveolar bone. Results The level of G-CSF in serum was significantly elevated in mice with periodontitis. Immunofluorescence analyses showed that G-CSF was mostly expressed in the cell membrane of gingival epithelial cells; this expression was enhanced in the periodontitis group. Additionally, systemic administration of anti-G-CSF antibody significantly inhibited alveolar bone resorption, as evidenced by improvements in bone volume/total volume, bone surface area/bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing, and trabecular pattern factor values. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed an enhanced number of osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts, while TRAP staining revealed reduction of osteoclast activity. Conclusions G-CSF expression levels were significantly up-regulated in the serum and gingival epithelial cells. Together, anti-G-CSF antibody administration could alleviates alveolar bone resorption, suggesting that G-CSF may be one of the essential immune factors that mediate the bone loss in periodontitis.

scholarly journals Inflammation in the Human Periodontium Induces Downregulation of the α1- and β1-Subunits of the sGC in Cementoclasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Yüksel Korkmaz ◽  
Behrus Puladi ◽  
Kerstin Galler ◽  
Peer W. Kämmerer ◽  
Agnes Schröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Cathepsin K ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Nitric oxide (NO) binds to soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), activates it in a reduced oxidized heme iron state, and generates cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP), which results in vasodilatation and inhibition of osteoclast activity. In inflammation, sGC is oxidized and becomes insensitive to NO. NO- and heme-independent activation of sGC requires protein expression of the α1- and β1-subunits. Inflammation of the periodontium induces the resorption of cementum by cementoclasts and the resorption of the alveolar bone by osteoclasts, which can lead to tooth loss. As the presence of sGC in cementoclasts is unknown, we investigated the α1- and β1-subunits of sGC in cementoclasts of healthy and inflamed human periodontium using double immunostaining for CD68 and cathepsin K and compared the findings with those of osteoclasts from the same sections. In comparison to cementoclasts in the healthy periodontium, cementoclasts under inflammatory conditions showed a decreased staining intensity for both α1- and β1-subunits of sGC, indicating reduced protein expression of these subunits. Therefore, pharmacological activation of sGC in inflamed periodontal tissues in an NO- and heme-independent manner could be considered as a new treatment strategy to inhibit cementum resorption.

Compressive Force Induces VEGF Production in Periodontal Tissues

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 752-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Miyagawa ◽  
M. Chiba ◽  
H. Hayashi ◽  
K. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Vegf Mrna ◽  
Angiogenic Activity ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Pdl Cells

During orthodontic tooth movement, the activation of the vascular system in the compressed periodontal ligament (PDL) is an indispensable process in tissue remodeling. We hypothesized that compressive force would induce angiogenesis of PDL through the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We examined the localization of VEGF in rat periodontal tissues during experimental tooth movement in vivo, and the effects of continuous compressive force on VEGF production and angiogenic activity in human PDL cells in vitro. PDL cells adjacent to hyalinized tissue and alveolar bone on the compressive side showed marked VEGF immunoreactivity. VEGF mRNA expression and production in PDL cells increased, and conditioned medium stimulated tube formation. These results indicate that continuous compressive force enhances VEGF production and angiogenic activity in PDL cells, which may contribute to periodontal remodeling, including angiogenesis, during orthodontic tooth movement.

scholarly journals Effects of DSPP Gene Mutations on Periodontal Tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaojun Jing ◽  
Zhibin Chen ◽  
Yong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Dentin Sialophosphoprotein ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Furcation Involvement ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Alveolar Bone Defect ◽  
Deficient Mice

AbstractDentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene mutations cause autosomal dominantly inherited diseases. DSPP gene mutations lead to abnormal expression of DSPP, resulting in a series of histological, morphological, and clinical abnormalities. A large number of previous studies demonstrated that DSPP is a dentinal-specific protein, and DSPP gene mutations lead to dentin dysplasia and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Recent studies have found that DSPP is also expressed in bone, periodontal tissues, and salivary glands. DSPP is involved in the formation of the periodontium as well as tooth structures. DSPP deficient mice present furcation involvement, cementum, and alveolar bone defect. We speculate that similar periodontal damage may occur in patients with DSPP mutations. This article reviews the effects of DSPP gene mutations on periodontal status. However, almost all of the research is about animal study, there is no evidence that DSPP mutations cause periodontium defects in patients yet. We need to conduct systematic clinical studies on DSPP mutation families in the future to elucidate the effect of DSPP gene on human periodontium.

scholarly journals Management of Chronic Gingivitis with localized periodontitis by Nonsurgical (Phase I) Periodontal Therapy- A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Md Huzzatul Islam Khan ◽  
Sultana Akter Eka ◽  
Md Ashif Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Periodontal Treatment ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Tissue Flap

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues (periodontium) which surround and support the teeth, that results in attachment loss and alveolar bone destruction leads to ultimate tooth loss. It is caused by the bacteria present in dental plaque, which is a tenacious substance that forms on teeth and gingiva just after teeth are brushed. Periodontal treatment is aimed at controlling the infection in order to stop the progression of the disease and to be able to maintain a healthy periodontium. Mechanical debridement of supragingival and subgingival biofilms, together with adequate oral hygiene measures is the standard periodontal therapy. This mechanical subgingi- val biofilm debridement consists of an initial (nonsurgical /phase I) phase involving scaling and root planing (SRP) and the elimination of plaque retentive factors, followed by a surgical phase (if needed) including the elevation of a tissue flap and bone remodeling in further stages. The adjunct use of antibiotics has proven to additionally improve the outcome of periodontal treatment. A clinical case of a 40-years-old male patient with generalized severe chronic periodontitis with localized gingival swell- ing was treated with nonsurgical (phase I) periodontal therapy that was confined to oral hygiene instruction (OHI), SRP with an adjunct antimicrobial regimen.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2017; 7 (2): 33-37

Resin-bond to root dentin: Effect of alveolar bone level

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. e1
Author(s):  
M.L.L. Alves ◽  
F. Campos ◽  
R.S. Sousa ◽  
A.M.O. Dal-Piva ◽  
I.L.R. Arrais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Level ◽  
Root Dentin

scholarly journals Macroscopic analysis of dental and periodontal tissues of pig (Sus domesticus) exposed to high temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Sebastián Medina ◽  
Sandra Henao ◽  
Viviana Muñóz ◽  
Carolina López ◽  
Juan Esteban Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Dental Identification ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Sus Domesticus ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Macroscopic Analysis

SUMMARYObjective: To describe the physical changesofmacro-structural dental tissues (enamel,dentin and cement) and periodontal(oral mucous membrane, alveolar compactbone and cancellous alveolar bone) ofdomestic pig (Sus domesticus) expose tohigh temperatures.Materials and methods: This descriptivestudy observed the physical changes in macro-structural dental tissues and periodontalin 25 teeth of domestic pigs subjected tohigh temperatures (200°C, 400°C, 600°C,800°C and 1000°C).Results: Dental and periodontal tissues studiedshow great resistance when subjectedto high temperatures without changing significantlytheir macro-structure. At 200°Cno color changes and cracks appear in theenamel. At 400°C there was an increase ofthe fissure and no separation between thehard tissues, initiating carbonization. At600°C fractures in the dental tissues andbone are most apparent. At 800°C burningof the tissues initiated. At 1000°C there wasno evidence of soft tissue.Conclusions: Macroscopic analysis of theteeth articulated in their alveolar-dentalunits constitutes a experimental model thatssimulates the changes of dental and periodontaltissues expose to high temperature.It is recommended to conduct astudy onhuman teeth in their respective unit articulatedalveolar to determine whether themacro-structural physical changes describedare repeated and can be extrapolated,and which can eventually be used duringthe process of dental identification anddocumentation of the medical legal autopsyused in the case of bodies or human remainsburned, charred and burned.Key words: Forensic dentistry, domesticpig (Sus domesticus), dental and periodontaltissues, temperature exposition, animalmodel.

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