scholarly journals Conductive nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Lengert ◽  
◽  
Anton M. Pavlov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Nonwoven Materials ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Physical And Chemical

One of very demanded and actively developed areas of modern biomedicine is tissue engineering, investigating synthesis and reparation of various kinds of tissues, including trauma treatment. Normally cells in tissue grow in the microenvironment provided by exttacellular matrix – a three-dimensional network of macromolecules, mostly peptides and proteins, that provide structural and biochemical support. To substitute this matrix in medical applications and promote new cells growth and repair damaged tissue, various types of artificial scaffolds are proposed. Morphology, as well as physical and chemical properties of scaffolds influence the fate of cells, including attachment, proliferation and differentiation, and strongly correlate with the type of target tissue. This review is aimed to provide a short insight in materials and technologies for synthesis of tissue engineering scaffolds, with focus on polymeric electrospun nonwoven materials and ones with conductive structures that can be potentially used to direct electrical signals to cells for the aims of electrostimulation, which was demonstrated to induce functional repairmen of certain cell types such as myocytes and neurons.

Tough Double-Network Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

2012 ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Jing Jing Yang ◽  
Jian Fang Liu ◽  
Takayuki Kurokawa ◽  
Nobuto Kitamura ◽  
Kazunori Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Dimensional Network

Hydrogels are used as scaffolds for tissue engineering in vitro & in vivo because their three-dimensional network structure and viscoelasticity are similar to those of the macromolecular-based extracellular matrix (ECM) in living tissue. Especially, the synthetic hydrogels with controllable and reproducible properties were used as scaffolds to study the behaviors of cells in vitro and implanted test in vivo. In this review, two different structurally designed hydrogels, single-network (SN) hydrogels and double-network (DN) hydrogels, were used as scaffolds. The behavior of two cell types, anchorage-dependent cells and anchorage-independent cells, and the differentiation behaviors of embryoid bodies (EBs) were investigated on these hydrogels. Furthermore, the behavior of chondrocytes on DN hydrogels in vitro and the spontaneous cartilage regeneration induced by DN hydrogels in vivo was examined.

scholarly journals An Introduction to 3D Bioprinting: Possibilities, Challenges and Future Aspects

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željka Kačarević ◽  
Patrick Rider ◽  
Said Alkildani ◽  
Sujith Retnasingh ◽  
Ralf Smeets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Spatial Geometry ◽  
Extrusion Printing ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Cancer Studies

Bioprinting is an emerging field in regenerative medicine. Producing cell-laden, three-dimensional structures to mimic bodily tissues has an important role not only in tissue engineering, but also in drug delivery and cancer studies. Bioprinting can provide patient-specific spatial geometry, controlled microstructures and the positioning of different cell types for the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds. In this brief review, the different fabrication techniques: laser-based, extrusion-based and inkjet-based bioprinting, are defined, elaborated and compared. Advantages and challenges of each technique are addressed as well as the current research status of each technique towards various tissue types. Nozzle-based techniques, like inkjet and extrusion printing, and laser-based techniques, like stereolithography and laser-assisted bioprinting, are all capable of producing successful bioprinted scaffolds. These four techniques were found to have diverse effects on cell viability, resolution and print fidelity. Additionally, the choice of materials and their concentrations were also found to impact the printing characteristics. Each technique has demonstrated individual advantages and disadvantages with more recent research conduct involving multiple techniques to combine the advantages of each technique.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Micro/Nanofibrous Scaffolds using a Robotic Manipulator and Their Application for Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii Shynkarenko ◽  
Dekel Azulay ◽  
Sarka Hauzerova ◽  
Andrea Klapstova ◽  
Michal Moucka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Robotic Manipulator ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background: Nanofibrous materials currently find a wide range of medical and bioengineering applications including tissue-engineering scaffolds, sutures, and wound dressings. Recently, production of nanofibrous materials via Electrospinning has played a dominant role in this area. Here we introduce an alternative method, which we call the drawing method, which allows us to produce individual micro and nanofibers and to position them precisely into a two-dimensional network. Results: The creation of such nano or micro fibrous networks is enabled thanks to a special arm-like robotic manipulator that we have designed, including its control system software. In this work we produced and tested microfibrous scaffolds of precise geometry made of two different biodegradable polymers: Polycaprolactone and Polylactide – Polycaprolactone copolymer. The microfibrous networks produced thereby were analyzed using a scanning electronic microscope and tested in vitro for cell adhesion and proliferation. The crystallinity of the resulting manufactured polymeric structures was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry. Conclusions: The mechanical drawing of individual microfibers presented in this article is a promising method to produce precisely oriented nano and microfibrous structures for technical as well as bioengineering applications. Our results indicate that the mechanical drawing of microfibers expands the possibilities for the preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds. Therefore, we believe that the range of applications of mechanical fiber drawing may soon expand.

HYDROXYAPATITE, ALGINATE, AND CHITOSAN FOR BONE SCAFFOLDS: SPECTROSCOPY STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Lalita El Milla
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Powder ◽  
Materials Used

Scaffolds is three dimensional structure that serves as a framework for bone growth. Natural materials are often used in synthesis of bone tissue engineering scaffolds with respect to compliance with the content of the human body. Among the materials used to make scafffold was hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan. Hydroxyapatite powder obtained by mixing phosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide, alginate powders extracted from brown algae and chitosan powder acetylated from crab. The purpose of this study was to examine the functional groups of hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan. The method used in this study was laboratory experimental using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan powders. The results indicated the presence of functional groups PO43-, O-H and CO32- in hydroxyapatite. In alginate there were O-H, C=O, COOH and C-O-C functional groups, whereas in chitosan there were O-H, N-H, C=O, C-N, and C-O-C. It was concluded that the third material containing functional groups as found in humans that correspond to the scaffolds material in bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Harnessing the Topography of 3D Spongy-Like Electrospun Bundled Fibrous Scaffold via a Sharply Inclined Array Collector

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Hee Cho ◽  
Jeong In Kim ◽  
Cheol Sang Kim ◽  
Chan Hee Park ◽  
In Gi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Living System ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Scaffold ◽  
Electrospun Scaffolds ◽  
Directional Change

To date, many researchers have studied a considerable number of three-dimensional (3D) cotton-like electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering, including the generation of bone, cartilage, and skin tissue. Although numerous 3D electrospun fibrous matrixes have been successfully developed, additional research is needed to produce 3D patterned and sophisticated structures. The development of 3D fibrous matrixes with patterned and sophisticated structures (FM-PSS) capable of mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) is important for advancing tissue engineering. Because modulating nano to microscale features of the 3D fibrous scaffold to control the ambient microenvironment of target tissue cells can play a pivotal role in inducing tissue morphogenesis after transplantation in a living system. To achieve this objective, the 3D FM-PSSs were successfully generated by the electrospinning using a directional change of the sharply inclined array collector. The 3D FM-PSSs overcome the current limitations of conventional electrospun cotton-type 3D matrixes of random fibers.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Tissue-Engineering Scaffolds Using a Flexible Biodegradable Polymer

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Bettinger ◽  
E. J. Weinberg ◽  
K. M. Kulig ◽  
J. P. Vacanti ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

Mineralized Nanofibers for Bone Tissue Engineering

2018 ◽  
pp. 461-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozan Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds

The limitation of orthopedic fractures and large bone defects treatments has brought the focus on fabricating bone grafts that could enhance ostegenesis and vascularization in-vitro. Developing biomimetic materials such as mineralized nanofibers that can provide three-dimensional templates of the natural bone extracellular-matrix is one of the most promising alternative for bone regeneration. Understanding the interactions between the structure of the scaffolds and cells and therefore the control cellular pathways are critical for developing functional bone grafts. In order to enhance bone regeneration, the engineered scaffold needs to mimic the characteristics of composite bone ECM. This chapter reviews the fabrication of and fabrication techniques for fabricating biomimetic bone tissue engineering scaffolds. In addition, the chapter covers design criteria for developing the scaffolds and examples of enhanced osteogenic differentiation outcomes by fabricating biomimetic scaffolds.

Smart Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 1133-1164
Author(s):  
Snežana S. Ilić-Stojanović ◽  
Ljubiša B. Nikolić ◽  
Vesna D. Nikolić ◽  
Slobodan D. Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Crosslinking Degree ◽  
Color Transparency ◽  
Hydrogel Network ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Responsive Hydrogels

The latest development in the field of smart hydrogels application as drugs carriers is shown in this chapter. Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer network consisting of at least one hydrophilic monomer. They are insoluble in water, but in the excess presence of water or physiological fluids, swell to the equilibrium state. The amount of absorbed water depends on the chemical composition and the crosslinking degree of 3D hydrogel network and reaches over 1000% of the xerogel weight. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels exhibit significant change of their properties (swelling, color, transparency, conductivity, shape) due to small changes in the external environment conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature, light wavelength, magnetic or electric fields, ultrasound, or a combination thereof). This smart hydrogels, with different physical and chemical properties, chemical structure and technology of obtaining, show great potential for application in the pharmaceutical industry. The application of smart hydrogels is very promising and at the beginning of the development and exploitation.

scholarly journals Mapping the physical and chemical properties of the planetary nebula NGC 3242

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S283) ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
Hektor Monteiro ◽  
Denise Gonçalves ◽  
Marcelo Leal-Ferreira ◽  
Romano Corradi ◽  
Sebastian Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Nebula ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Chemical Abundances ◽  
Electronic Density ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Integral Field Spectroscopy ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractWe present optical integral field spectroscopy analysis of the main components, with the exception of the halo, as well as of the detected small-scale structures of the planetary nebulae NGC 3242. The observations were obtained with the VIMOS instrument attached to VLT-UT3. Spatially resolved maps of the electronic density (Ne), temperatures (Te) and chemical abundances, i.e., in a pixel to pixel fashion of the small and large-scales structures of this planetary nebula are determined in this work. These diagnostic and abundance maps represent important constraints for future detailed three dimensional photoionization modeling of the nebula, as well as providing important information on biases introduced by traditional slit observations.

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