Psychiatric Complications in Patients with COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with severe multiorgan clinical manifestations. Although respiratory involvement is the predominant manifestation in patients infected with COVID-19, involvement of other organs, such as the nervous system, has also been identified; which highlights the virus' ability to disrupt the organs’ function. There is ample evidence of a nervous system susceptibility to the COVID-19. In this regard, the COVID-19 pandemic effect on psychological health, including insomnia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression among health care workers and other high-risk groups has been identified. So far, many studies have examined the psychiatric manifestations in infected patients with COVID-19. Undoubtedly, awareness of these findings can help in the prevention and timely treatment of these patients. This study aimed to review the possible mechanisms of COVID-19 neuroinvasive potential, psychiatric manifestations, and the management of mental disorders in infected patients.

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Quality of life of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

Bangladesh Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.3329/bjpsy.v29i1.32747 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 18-22

Author(s):

Fahmida Ahmed ◽

Meherunnessa Begum ◽

Md Abdul Wahab ◽

Sayed Kamaluddin Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Psychological Health ◽

World Health ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

World Health Organization Quality ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Health Domain ◽

Quality Of Life Scale

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a severe and debilitating anxiety disorder which causes severely impaired quality of life. The objective of the study was to assess the quality of life of the patients suffering from OCD. It was a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2011 to June 2011 among 46 patients who attended the out-patient department of the National Institute of Mental Health Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh by using purposive sampling technique. A Semi-structured questionnaire, Dhaka University Obsessive Compulsive Scale (DUOCS), World Health Organization Quality of Life-Scale Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorder, 4th edition (DSM-IV) were used in each case for this assessment. Results showed that mean age of the patients was (29.07±6.11) years, majority of the respondents (71.7%) were male, 63.0% were unmarried and 34.8% were students. Patients were least satisfied with social domain and patients having only obsession had lower mean score (23.54±1.80) in environmental domain than in patients having both obsession and compulsion (25.15±3.70). OCD patients having major conflict (52.2%) were least satisfied with environmental health domain and patients suffering from OCD for more than ten years (78.3%) had low score than those suffering for less than ten years (21.7%) in overall quality of life domain. Patients having strained family relationship (34.8%) were less satisfied to psychological health domain and patients getting medication (91.3%) had better quality of life in all domains than those getting no medication (8.7%).Bang J Psychiatry June 2015; 29(1): 18-22

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The Mediating Role of Alexithymia in the Relationship of Coping Strategies and Personality Traits With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Quarterly of Horizon of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32598/hms.27.1.3355.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 62-81

Author(s):

Masoud Bagheri ◽

◽

Kazem Nematollah Zadeh Mahani ◽

Maryam Pour Amrollahi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Mediating Role ◽

The Relationship

Aims: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the severe psychological health problems imposing considerable social and economic costs on society. OCD debilitating symptoms can disrupt interpersonal relations, job performance, and life quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between coping strategies and personality traits with OCD. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive correlational study. The study population consists of all people with OCD referred to psychiatric clinics in Kerman City, Iran, during 2018-2019. Of this population, 200 patients were selected using a convenience sampling method. Research instruments included the ways of coping questionnaire, NEO five-factor personality inventory, Toronto alexithymia scale, and Maudsley obsessive-compulsive test. The obtained data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and simultaneous and hierarchical regression in SPSS v. 23. Findings: Personality traits had a negative significant correlation with alexithymia (r=0.523, P<0.000) and OCD (r=0.253, P<0.000). Alexithymia had a significant positive correlation with OCD (r=0.272, P<0.000). There was no correlation between problem-focused coping and alexithymia (r=-0.045, P<0.531). There was a positive correlation between emotion-focused coping and OCD (r=0.198, P<0.000). The fit indices indicated a good fit of the proposed model (P<0.005). Conclusion: Alexithymia, as a mediator of the relationship between coping styles and personality traits with OCD, plays an essential role in improving the psychological health of people with OCD.

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MENTAL HEALTH OF THE MEDICAL STAFF IN THE SPREAD OF CORONA EPIDEMIC

RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.47832/2717-8293.3-3.29 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 03 (03) ◽

pp. 321-330

Author(s):

Jafar Muhammad Aref JARADAT ◽

Fawqia Muhammad Aref JARADAT

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Medical Staff ◽

Health Centers ◽

High Rate ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Arithmetic Average ◽

Compulsive Disorder

The study aimed at identifying the degree to which medical staff had psychological health in light of the spread of the Corona epidemic. The study sample consisted of (51) members of medical staff who is working in Palestinian health centers. The modified psychological health scale was adopted (SCL_90_R). The study came out with a set of results, the most important of which are: that there are no statistically significant differences in the averages of possessing the psychological health among medical staff according to the sex and age variables, it also showed the level of mental health was low, and that there was a high rate of acceptance on the mental health scale of the obsessive-compulsive disorder with a high arithmetic average. Whereas, the average was low at the psychotic dimension, which means that the respondents rejected psychotic characteristics in the psychological health scale. The study came out with a number of recommendations, the most important of which is activating the role of supporting programs and psychological immunization to deal with emergency conditions and crises.

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Obsessive–compulsive disorder and central nervous system autoimmunity

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.189.2.190 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 189 (2) ◽

pp. 190-191

Author(s):

D. K. Sokol ◽

L. M. McGuire ◽

N. S. Johnson ◽

D. R. Wagenknecht ◽

J. A. McIntyre

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

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Early Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder With and Without Tics

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900023014 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 362-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Maria Alice de Mathis ◽

Juliana B. Diniz ◽

Roseli G. Shavitt ◽

Albina R. Torres ◽

Ygor A. Ferrão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Early Onset ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Tic Disorders ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

History Of

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Research suggests that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is not a unitary entity, but rather a highly heterogeneous condition, with complex and variable clinical manifestations.Objective: The aims of this study were to compare clinical and demographic characteristics of OCD patients with early and late age of onset of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS); and to compare the same features in early onset OCD with and without tics. The independent impact of age at onset and presence of tics on comorbidity patterns was investigated.Methods: Three hundred and thirty consecutive outpatients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for OCD were evaluated: 160 patients belonged to the “early onset” group (EOG): before 11 years of age, 75 patients hadResults: The EOG had a predominance of males, higher frequency of family history of OCS, higher mean scores on the “aggression/violence” and “miscellaneous” dimensions, and higher mean global DY-BOCS scores. Patients with EOG without tic disorders presented higher mean global DY-BOCS scores and higher mean scores in the “contamination/cleaning” dimension.Conclusion: The current results disentangle some of the clinical overlap between early onset OCD with and without tics.

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Characterizing a psychiatric symptom dimension related to deficits in goal-directed control

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.11305 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 174

Author(s):

Claire M Gillan ◽

Michal Kosinski ◽

Robert Whelan ◽

Elizabeth A Phelps ◽

Nathaniel D Daw

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Compulsive Behavior ◽

Neurocognitive Performance ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Diagnostic Categories ◽

Symptom Dimension ◽

Compulsive Behaviors

Prominent theories suggest that compulsive behaviors, characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder and addiction, are driven by shared deficits in goal-directed control, which confers vulnerability for developing rigid habits. However, recent studies have shown that deficient goal-directed control accompanies several disorders, including those without an obvious compulsive element. Reasoning that this lack of clinical specificity might reflect broader issues with psychiatric diagnostic categories, we investigated whether a dimensional approach would better delineate the clinical manifestations of goal-directed deficits. Using large-scale online assessment of psychiatric symptoms and neurocognitive performance in two independent general-population samples, we found that deficits in goal-directed control were most strongly associated with a symptom dimension comprising compulsive behavior and intrusive thought. This association was highly specific when compared to other non-compulsive aspects of psychopathology. These data showcase a powerful new methodology and highlight the potential of a dimensional, biologically-grounded approach to psychiatry research.

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Inhibitory dysfunction contributes to some of the motor and non-motor symptoms of movement disorders and psychiatric disorders

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2016.0198 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 372 (1718) ◽

pp. 20160198 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Marjan Jahanshahi ◽

John C. Rothwell

Keyword(s):

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Motor Symptoms ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Surgical Interventions ◽

Future Studies ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Functional Balance ◽

Non Motor Symptoms ◽

Deep Brain ◽

Stimulation Of

Recently, it has been proposed that similar to goal-directed and habitual action mediated by the fronto-striatal circuits, the fronto-striato-subthalamic-pallidal-thalamo-cortical network may also mediate goal-directed and habitual (automatic) inhibition in both the motor and non-motor domains. Within this framework, some of the clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease, dystonia, Tourette syndrome and obsessive–compulsive disorder can be considered to represent an imbalance between goal-directed and habitual action and inhibition. It is possible that surgical interventions targeting the basal ganglia nuclei, such as deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or the internal segment of the globus pallidus, improve these disorders by restoring a functional balance between facilitation and inhibition in the fronto-striatal networks. These proposals require investigation in future studies. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness’.

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Variation in obsessive-compulsive symptoms between children and adults

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v11i2.36510 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Sultana Algin ◽

S. M. Yasir Arafat ◽

Sayedul Ashraf Kushal ◽

Sumaiya Nausheen Ahmed ◽

Mohammad Waliul Hasnat Sajib

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Late Onset ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Long Time ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Level Hospital ◽

Structured Questionnaire

The complexity and diversity of clinical manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder have intrigued psychiatrists for a long time. Various differences have been noted in the presentation of obsessive-compulsive disorder of different age group. It was aimed to assess the variations of presentation of symptoms in children and adults in a tertiary level hospital. This study was done in an outpatient department from May 2015 to April 2017. Four hundred patients were included in the study consecutively after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire which includes demographic variables, psychiatric diagnoses (DSM-IV-TR) and Y-BOCS symptom checklist. Obsessive-compulsive disorder started before adulthood in 41.5% of patients and onset after 18 years was found to be 58.5%. In this study, cases of obsessions, dirt and contamination was seen to predominate in both early- and late-onset obsessive compulsive disorder (68.3 and 71.4% respectively) and among the cases of compulsions, cleaning variety was found to be highest in both early- and late-onset (65.8 and 73.3% respectively). Age should be taken into account when evaluating obsessive compulsive disorder patients. The results suggest that more studies are necessary to determine whether in fact, it defines a homogeneous and particular group in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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Autism, psychosis and marfan: The Lujan–Fryns syndrome

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.468 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S448-S448

Author(s):

G. Montero ◽

I. Alberdi

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum ◽

Emotional Instability ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Psychiatric Admission ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Rapid Control ◽

Autistic Behaviour ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Med12 Gene ◽

Psychiatric Manifestations

ObjectivesWe report the case of a 19-year-old male who was brought to our psychiatry consultation by his family for behavioural disorders and poor school performance of years of evolution.ResultsWe found ourselves before a tall, thin, childish, suspicious, perplex, inhibited and minimizer patient, so we sent him to our hospital for psychiatric admission, where he showed a flowery delirium of mystic, religious and megalomaniac content; complex visual and auditory hallucinatory phenomena; and where he was diagnosed of acute polymorphic psychotic disorder and autism spectrum disorder with marfanoid habit. Therefore, we suspected a Lujan–Fryns syndrome and requested genetic confirmation. Risperidone was prescribed as solo treatment, with a rapid control of the symptoms.ConclusionsLujan–Fryns syndrome, first described in 1984, corresponds to a sequence mutation in exon 22 of med12 gene of chromosome X. It is hard to suspect and diagnose before puberty. Those affected have marfanoid habit and also other psychiatric manifestations such as autistic behaviour, mild-moderate mental retardation (there are some reported cases with normal intelligence), language disorders, emotional instability, aggressiveness, hyperactivity, shyness which can be extreme, obsessive-compulsive disorder, isolation, delusions, visual and auditory hallucinations, and there are cases that describe schizophrenia. Its diagnosis requires adequate physical and psychopathological examination, and it is established with clinical suspicion and genetic confirmation. There are very few cases described and there is little bibliography available about Lujan–Fryns syndrome [1].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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