scholarly journals Application of platelet-rich plasma and platelet lysate as blood biomaterials in the treatment of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elahe Najafi ◽  
Ali Arash Anoushiravani ◽  
Nooshin Kalafi ◽  
Hamid Reza Mohajerani ◽  
Ali Reza Moradabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Platelet Lysate ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Methenamine Silver

Background and Purpose: Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous and chronic fungal infection that is caused by a dimorphic fungus, namely Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato. Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis is the most clinical form, which accounts for nearly 80% of the cases of cutaneous sporotrichosis. Platelets contain several substances with antimicrobial properties. Regarding this, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of blood-based biomaterials, especially platelets in the treatment of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 12 golden hamsters, divided into three groups of control, platelet-rich plasma, and platelet lysate. For the purpose of the study, Sporothrix conidia suspension was injected subcutaneously on the back of the animals. After the induction of subcutaneous lesions, the Gomori methenamine silver method was applied to verify lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis. Subsequently, plasma-rich platelet and platelet lysate were injected into the created lesions in the animals in 3-day intervals (due to the short lifetime of platelets). In the final sage, skin tissue samples were examined to check for the presence of yeast cells and their quantification. Results: The data were indicative of the presence of yeast cells with/without bud in the tissue of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis lesions in the infected animals. Histological investigation revealed that each of the two biomaterials under study (i.e., plasma-rich platelet and platelet lysate) played a positive role in the removal of the yeast cells of sporotrichosis. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that both plasma-rich platelet and platelet lysate were able to effectively prevent from the progression of cutaneous sporotrichosis. Accordingly, much attention has been given to new therapies, including treatment with blood-derived biomaterials.

scholarly journals Evaluation of allogeneic freeze-dried platelet lysate in cartilage exposed to interleukin 1-β in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Camargo Garbin ◽  
C. Wayne McIlwraith ◽  
David D. Frisbie
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Platelet Lysate ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Platelet Concentration ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment

Abstract Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as well as other platelet-derived products have been used as a potential disease-modifying treatment for musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). The restorative properties of such products rely mainly on the high concentrations of growth factors, demonstrating encouraging results experimentally and clinically. Yet, the autologous blood-derived nature of the PRP product lead to limitations that precludes it’s widespread use. The main limitations for PRP use are; product variability, the need for minimum laboratory settings in most cases, and the need for storage at low temperatures to preserve its properties. Based on these limitations, the objective of this study was to investigate an allogeneic off-the-shelf platelet lysate (PL) in cartilage exposed to interleukin 1β (IL-1β). For this purpose, blood and cartilage were harvested from eight skeletally mature and healthy horses. Blood was processed into PL aliquots and divided into three groups (Frozen, Freeze-dried and Filtered freeze-dried), used in autologous and allogeneic conditions and in three different concentrations (1.5, 3 and 6-fold). Different PL preparations were then applied in cartilage culture with interleukin-1 beta and cultured for 10 days. Cartilage and media samples were collected and analyzed for total GAG and 35SO4-labeled GAG content. Results No significant differences between the controls and PL groups in cartilage and media were demonstrated. The effects of PL on cartilage matrix were concentration dependent and intermediate concentrations (3-fold) in PL showed increased 35SO4-labelled GAG in cartilage. Conclusion In conclusion, the allogeneic freeze-dried PL presented equivalent effects compared to frozen autologous PL. Intermediate platelet concentration on average demonstrated improved results, demonstrating less GAG loss compared to other concentrations.

scholarly journals Development and Application of a Green Fluorescent Protein Sentinel System for Identification of RNA Interference in Blastomyces dermatitidis Illuminates the Role of Septin in Morphogenesis and Sporulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1299-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Krajaejun ◽  
G. M. Gauthier ◽  
C. A. Rappleye ◽  
T. D. Sullivan ◽  
B. S. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Blastomyces Dermatitidis ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Green Fluorescent

ABSTRACT A high-throughput strategy for testing gene function would accelerate progress in our understanding of disease pathogenesis for the dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis, whose genome is being completed. We developed a green fluorescent protein (GFP) sentinel system of gene silencing to rapidly study genes of unknown function. Using Gateway technology to efficiently generate RNA interference plasmids, we cloned a target gene, “X,” next to GFP to create one hairpin to knock down the expression of both genes so that diminished GFP reports target gene expression. To test this approach in B. dermatitidis, we first used LACZ and the virulence gene BAD1 as targets. The level of GFP reliably reported interference of their expression, leading to rapid detection of gene-silenced transformants. We next investigated a previously unstudied gene encoding septin and explored its possible role in morphogenesis and sporulation. A CDC11 septin homolog in B. dermatitidis localized to the neck of budding yeast cells. CDC11-silenced transformants identified with the sentinel system grew slowly as flat or rough colonies on agar. Microscopically, they formed ballooned, distorted yeast cells that failed to bud, and they sporulated poorly as mold. Hence, this GFP sentinel system enables rapid detection of gene silencing and has revealed a pronounced role for septin in morphogenesis, budding, and sporulation of B. dermatitidis.

scholarly journals Candida: Platelet Interaction and Platelet Activity in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Eberl ◽  
Cornelia Speth ◽  
Ilse D. Jacobsen ◽  
Martin Hermann ◽  
Magdalena Hagleitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Secretory Products

Over the last 2 decades, platelets have been recognized as versatile players of innate immunity. The interaction of platelets with fungal pathogens and subsequent processes may critically influence the clinical outcome of invasive mycoses. Since the role of platelets in Candida infections is poorly characterized and controversially discussed, we studied interactions of human platelets with yeast cells, (pseudo-)hyphae, biofilms and secretory products of human pathogenic Candida species applying platelet rich plasma and a whole blood model. Incubation of Candida with platelets resulted in moderate mutual interaction with some variation between different species. The rate of platelets binding to ­Candida (pseudo-) hyphae and candidal biofilm was comparably low as that to the yeast form. Candida-derived secretory products did not affect platelet activity – neither stimulatory nor inhibitory. The small subset of platelets that bound to Candida morphotypes was consequently activated. However, this did not result in reduced growth or viability of the different Candida species. A whole blood model simulating in vivo conditions confirmed platelet activation in the subpopulation of Candida-bound platelets. Thus, the inability of platelets to efficiently react on Candida presence might favor fungal survival in the blood and contribute to high morbidity of Candida sepsis.

scholarly journals The Infection Returns: A Case of Pulmonary Sporotrichosis Relapse after Chemotherapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samid M. Farooqui ◽  
Houssein Youness
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Esophagus ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thoracic Computed Tomography ◽  
Tomography Scan

Background. Pulmonary sporotrichosis is a rare disease caused by a dimorphic fungus, Sporothrix schenckii. It is rarely found in association with malignancy. We present a case of pulmonary sporotrichosis recurrence after chemotherapy. Case Presentation. A 44-year-old man, treated for pulmonary sporotrichosis in the past, presented with dysphagia and was found to have squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. After undergoing chemotherapy, extensive cavitary lesions were observed on thoracic computed tomography scan. A bronchoalveolar lavage revealed the presence of Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato. Despite treatment with itraconazole, he eventually required a left pneumonectomy for progressive destructive cavitary lesions involving the left lung. Conclusion. This case highlights the importance of considering past fungal infections, albeit cured, in patients initiating immunosuppressive therapy.

scholarly journals Canine sporotrichosis: report of 15 advanced cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana B. Mascarenhas ◽  
Natália L. Lopes ◽  
Thiago G. Pinto ◽  
Thiago S. Costa ◽  
André P. Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Distal Aspect ◽  
Disseminated Disease

ABSTRACT: Sporotrichosis is a chronic, granulomatous and usually lymphocutaneous infection of animals and humans, caused by a dimorphic fungus, Sporothrix schenckii complex. The disease in dogs is considered rare, however, in the last years a crescent registration of cases was observed in Brazil, especially in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Fifteen dogs with ulcerated cutaneous lesions were seen at the Dermatology Service in the Small Animal’s Hospital at Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, between January 2014 and October 2015. Most lesions were located on the head, mainly the nose. Lesions were even seen on the chest, disseminated on the body and on the limbs. Three dogs (20%) exhibited the cutaneous-lymphatic form, with lesions initially on the distal aspect of one leg and ascending via lymphatics up the leg to the trunk and head. It was not ruled out the disseminated form in at least 3 dogs (20%). They had consistent signs of generalized or disseminated disease exhibiting respiratory symptoms (nasal discharge, sneezing, stertorous breathing), anorexia and weight loss. Draining tracts and cellulitis were very common. Some had large areas of skin necrosis with exposure of muscle and bone. Definitive diagnosis was obtained by cytological examination of exudates, histological examination, and/or isolation of S. schenckii complex by fungal culture. Because of the severity of the lesions that mimic other disorders like neoplasms or autoimmune skin diseases, and due to the difficulties of getting an accurate diagnosis, this study describes 15 advanced cases of canine sporotrichosis.

scholarly journals Plasma Components and Platelet Activation Are Essential for the Antimicrobial Properties of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma: An In Vitro Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e107813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Drago ◽  
Monica Bortolin ◽  
Christian Vassena ◽  
Carlo L. Romanò ◽  
Silvio Taschieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Autologous Platelet

scholarly journals G-Protein Signaling Mediates Asexual Development at 25°C but Has No Effect on Yeast-Like Growth at 37°C in the Dimorphic Fungus Penicillium marneffei

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Zuber ◽  
Michael J. Hynes ◽  
Alex Andrianopoulos
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Penicillium Marneffei ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Asexual Development ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Opportunistic Human Pathogen

ABSTRACT The ascomycete Penicillium marneffei is an opportunistic human pathogen exhibiting a temperature-dependent dimorphic switch. At 25°C, P. marneffei grows as filamentous multinucleate hyphae and undergoes asexual development, producing uninucleate spores. At 37°C, it forms uninucleate yeast cells which divide by fission. We have cloned a gene encoding a Gα subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein from P. marneffei named gasA with high similarity to fadA in Aspergillus nidulans. Through the characterization of a ΔgasA strain and mutants carrying a dominant activating or a dominant interfering gasA allele, we show that GasA is a key regulator of asexual development but seems to play no role in the regulation of growth. A dominant activating gasA mutant whose mutation results in a G42-to-R change (gasA G42R) does not express brlA, the conidiation-specific regulatory gene, and is locked in vegetative growth, while a dominant interfering gasA G203R mutant shows inappropriate brlA expression and conidiation. Interestingly, the gasA mutants have no apparent defect in dimorphic switching or yeast-like growth at 37°C. Growth tests on dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) and theophylline suggest that a cAMP-protein kinase A cascade may be involved in the GasA signaling pathway.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibilities of Sporothrix schenckii in Two Growth Phases

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 3952-3954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Trilles ◽  
Belkys Fernández-Torres ◽  
Márcia dos Santos Lazéra ◽  
Bodo Wanke ◽  
Armando de Oliveira Schubach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Microdilution Method

ABSTRACT We have determined the antifungal susceptibilities of 34 clinical isolates of the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii to 11 drugs using a microdilution method. In general, the type of growth phase (mycelial or yeast) and the temperature of incubation (30 or 35°C) exerted a significant influence on the MICs.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Equine Platelet Lysate

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Gordon ◽  
Sonsiray Álvarez-Narváez ◽  
John F. Peroni
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Platelet Lysate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
E Coli

The development of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and the lack of novel antibiotic strategies to combat those bacteria is an ever-present problem in both veterinary and human medicine. The goal of this study is to evaluate platelet lysate (PL) as a biological alternative antimicrobial product. Platelet lysate is an acellular platelet-derived product rich in growth factors and cytokines that is manufactured via plateletpheresis and pooled from donor horses. In the current study, we sought to define the antimicrobial properties of PL on select gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Results from an end-point in vitro assay showed that PL did not support bacterial growth, and in fact significantly reduced bacterial content compared to normal growth media. An in vitro assay was then utilized to further determine the effects on bacterial growth dynamics and showed that all strains exhibited a slower growth rate and lower yield in the presence of PL. The specific effects of PL were unique for each bacterial strain: E. coli and P. aeruginosa growth was affected in a concentration-dependent manner, such that higher amounts of PL had a greater effect, while this was not true for S. aureus or E. faecalis. Furthermore, the onset of exponential growth was delayed for E. coli and P. aeruginosa in the presence of PL, which has significant clinical implications for developing a dosing schedule. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the potential value of PL as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial that would offer an alternative to traditional antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infection in equine species.

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