scholarly journals Evaluation of Susceptibility of Aedes caspius (Diptera: Culicidae) to Insecticides in a potent arboviral-prone Area, Southern Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Hassandoust ◽  
Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi ◽  
Hassan Vatandoost ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat ◽  
Kamran Akbarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Line ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Aedes Caspius ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

Background: Southern part of the country is a high risk for mosquito transmitted Arboviruses. This study was carried out to determine the base line susceptibility of the Aedini mosquitoes to the WHO-recommended insecticide. Methods: Larval collection was carried out by dipping method and adult collection occurred by suction tube from January to December 2017. The adult susceptibility test was assessed to Bendiocarb 0.1%, DDT 4%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05%, Malathion 5% and, Permethrin 0.75% at different interval times as well as at discriminative dose recommended by WHO. The larval susceptibility test was occurred using Temephos and Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14, at different concentrations. The LT50, LT90 and LC50, LC90 values were calculated for plotting the regression line using Microsoft office Excel software ver. 2007. Results: Aedes caspius was quite resistant to DDT, Malathion, Bendiocarb and showed susceptible or tolerant to other insecticides.The LT50 and LT90 values to DDT in this species were 157.896, and 301.006 minutes, respectively. The LC50 and LC90 values of Ae. caspius to Temephos were 0.000068, and 0.000130ppm, the figures for B. thuringiensis was 111.62 and 210.2ppm, respectively. Conclusion: A routine and continuous study for monitoring and evaluation of different species of Aedes to insectides is recommend at different parts of country for decision making.

Osmotic regulation of vasopressin in the cat

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. E108-E111
Author(s):  
T. A. Reaves ◽  
H. M. Liu ◽  
M. M. Qasim ◽  
J. N. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Osmotic Regulation ◽  
Arterial Blood Supply ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study examines the effects of blood osmolality on the release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the cat. Prior to the beginning of the experiments, the chamber-isolated, unanesthetized cat, allowed water ad libitum had a constant plasma osmolality averaging 320 +/- 2 (SE) mosmol/kg and a constant plasma AVP averaging 3.4 +/- 0.7 microU/ml. Water loading decreased plasma osmolality to 312 +/- 2 mosmol/kg and lowered plasma AVP to 1.3 +/- 0.2 microU/ml. As dehydration occurred during fluid restriction, the plasma osmolality increased and plasma AVP rose to 8 times the base line after 2 days. The rise in plasma AVP correlated linearly with the rise in plasma osmolality (r = 0.81; P less than 0.01). The cat's osmotic-vasopressin relationships are unique among mammals, revealing an elevated osmotic "set point" (threshold) and with regression analysis an increased "gain" or "'sensitivity" (increased slope of the regression line). We speculate that these unusual osmotic-AVP relationships may be related to some specialized features of the cat, such as hypothalamic anatomy or cerebral arterial blood supply.

scholarly journals Moth diversity (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India: a preliminary checklist

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-607
Author(s):  
Ananya NAYAK ◽  
Sohini GHOSH
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Campus Planning ◽  
Abundance Data ◽  
Rich Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Developing Strategies

A study was conducted at the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) campus of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India to assess the moth fauna of the area. A preliminary checklist was compiled as a base-line contribution to the status of the Lepidoptera diversity of the campus. The campus was surveyed from January to December 2019 and moths were recorded through 83-night surveys and a large number of opportunistic visits in 18 different sites of the campus. The study has recorded a total of 1248 individual moths belonging to 99 morphospecies, 84 genera, and 11 families across different parts of the study area. The most species rich family was Erebidae with 35 species under 30 genera followed by Crambidae (33 species; 28 genera), Geometridae (15 species; 11 genera), Noctuidae (seven species; six genera), and others. However, family-wise abundance data indicated that Crambidae (38.70%) was the most abundant family having highest proportion of moths recorded followed by Erebidae (34.85%), Geometridae (10.73%), Noctuidae (6.81%) and others. This illustrated checklist and the results will improve our understanding of Varanasi’s biodiversity and can be used for improvement of the campus planning and developing strategies for conservation of moth diversity.

scholarly journals PLUG-IN PADA MICROSOFT OFFICE WORD UNTUK ENKRIPSI DOKUMEN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA KUNCI PUBLIK RSA

Repositor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Miftah Faisal Hamdani ◽  
Zamah Sari ◽  
Ali Sofyan Kholimi
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Public Key Cryptography ◽  
Public Key ◽  
The World ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Different Parts

AbstrakMs office ialah salah satu aplikasi dekstop yang sering digunakan oleh banyak orang diberbagai belahan dunia. Dengan adanya aplikasi ini, pengguna lebih dimudahkan untuk mengetik dokumen yang akan digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari baik itu dokumen biasa ataupun dokumen yang bersifat rahasia. Kriptografi ialah suatu metode keamanan untuk melindungi informasi dengan menggunakan sandi tertentu yang hanya diketahui oleh orang yang berhak mengakses informasi tersebut. Untuk membuat dokumen agar tidak terbaca oleh orang yang tidak berhak, maka salah satu solusi yang dapat digunakan ialah menggunakan perangkat lunak (Plug-in) yang dapat diakses dalam Ms. Office Word yang mana dalam plug-in tersebut telah diimplementasikan sebuah algoritma kriptografi kunci publik Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA).AbstractMs office is one of the desktop applications that are often used by many people in different parts of the world. With this application, users are more easy to type documents that will be used in everyday life whether ordinary documents or documents that are confidential. Cryptography is a security method for protecting information by using a specific password that only those who are eligible to access the information it self. To make the document unreadable by an unauthorized person, one solution that can be used is to use a software (Plug-in) accessible in Microsoft Office Word which in the plug-in has implemented a public key cryptography algorithm Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA).

Strategies and structures for public health interventions

2021 ◽  
pp. 659-684
Author(s):  
Sian Griffiths ◽  
Kevin A. Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Workforce ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Different Parts

This chapter describes strategies for public health intervention and structures that support them. It uses examples of strategies in different parts of the world and at different levels—global, national, local, and individual—to illustrate various strategic approaches. The key elements of strategy are those of vision, mission, values, aims, plans, and their implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The examples chosen provide descriptions of how these are articulated and also how interventions are made towards their achievement of better public health. The importance of the way health services are structured, the public health workforce, and underpinning research and use of evidence are emphasized.

Efficacy of nifedipine to prevent systemic and renal vasoconstrictor effects of endothelin

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (2) ◽  
pp. F304-F311 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Madeddu ◽  
X. P. Yang ◽  
V. Anania ◽  
C. Troffa ◽  
A. Pazzola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
The Other ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Intravenous Bolus ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Renal Vasoconstriction ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated whether systemic and renal vasoconstriction induced by porcine endothelin (endothelin 1) is prevented by nifedipine in awake normotensive rats. Endothelin (0.07-1.4 nmol/kg iv) induced a long-lasting increase in mean blood pressure (MBP) and a decrease in renal blood flow (RBF). Maximal decrease in RBF was 25 +/- 7% (0.07 nmol/kg), 40 +/- 2 (0.35), 67 +/- 5 (0.70), and 74 +/- 8 (1.4). Hemodynamic parameters were back to base line within 35 +/- 5 min (0.07 nmol/kg), 43 +/- 6 (0.35), 60 +/- 4 (0.70), and 81 +/- 7 (1.4). Intravenous bolus injection of either angiotensin II (ANG II, 0.006-0.024 nmol/kg) or norepinephrine (0.40-1.60 nmol/kg) caused a dose-related short-lasting increase in MBP and a decrease in RBF. Endothelin was less potent than ANG II (1:3.42) and more potent than norepinephrine (1:0.015) as a renal vasoconstrictor. Nifedipine (1 mg/kg ip) was equally effective in preventing the increase in MBP caused by endothelin, norepinephrine, or ANG II. It exerted a weaker protection on the renal hemodynamic response to endothelin compared with the inhibition of the other two vasoconstrictors. Thus the regression line representing the relationship between endothelin-induced changes in MBP and RBF was steeper in rats given nifedipine (slope: vehicle, -1.33; nifedipine, -5.50; P less than 0.05). These studies suggest that nifedipine can partially prevent systemic and renal vasoconstriction caused by exogenously administered endothelin in awake normotensive rats.

Time course and determinants of recovery of function after reversible ischemia in conscious dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
pp. H102-H114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bolli ◽  
W. X. Zhu ◽  
J. I. Thornby ◽  
P. G. O'Neill ◽  
R. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Base Line

The postischemic recovery of contractile function [measured as systolic wall thickening (WT)] was analyzed in 21 conscious dogs undergoing a 15-min coronary occlusion followed by 7 days of reperfusion (REP). Average WT was still depressed 24 h after REP (85% of base line, P less than 0.001) and returned to base line by 48 h. Analysis of individual dogs, however, revealed marked variability, whereby some recovered completely by 1 h of REP and others required up to 48 h. WT recovered completely within 30 min in dogs with collateral blood flow (CBF) greater than 50% of nonischemic zone flow (NZF) but was still impaired at 24 h (P less than 0.05) in those with CBF less than 25% of NZF. There was a close, curvilinear relation between WT during the first 4 h of REP and transmural CBF, which was described best by an exponential equation WT (as percent of base line) = P0-P1e-P2.CBF(as % of NZF) (r2 = 0.92 at 1 h, 0.76 at 2 h, 0.71 at 3 h, and 0.72 at 4 h), where P0, P1, and P2 are regression coefficients. Importantly, the slope of the regression line was very steep at low CBF, implying that even small differences in CBF produce large differences in postischemic function. Heart rate, systolic pressure, and rate-pressure product during ischemia were also related to WT after REP, but when the effect of CBF was taken into account, the influence of these variables became insignificant. The size of the occluded vascular bed did not correlate with postischemic WT. The presence of hypokinesis or akinesis during ischemia was associated with rapid recovery after REP, but there was no relation between ischemic and postischemic dysfunction when dyskinesis was present during occlusion. Thus, on the average, regional function remains depressed for 24 h after a 15-min ischemic episode, but there is considerable individual variability. This variable rate of recovery is determined primarily by the severity of blood flow reduction during ischemia. Systemic hemodynamics may modulate recovery of function indirectly via their effects on ischemic blood flow.

Computerized curve fitting in the analysis of hydrogen gas clearance curves

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. G668-G675 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Livingston ◽  
T. Reedy ◽  
F. W. Leung ◽  
P. H. Guth
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Nonlinear Regression ◽  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Hydrogen Gas Clearance ◽  
Experimental Noise ◽  
Fitting In

Hydrogen gas clearance curves obtained from the rat gastric corpus were digitized into a computer and then analyzed by three methods: 1) linear regression of log-transformed data, 2) direct curve fitting with a modified Gauss-Newton nonlinear regression algorithm, and 3) Zierler's height-over-area algorithm. For linear regression of log-transformed data, if the initial base-line estimate was inaccurate or normal amounts of experimental noise were present, the log-transformed data was skewed, leading to deviation of the regression line and incorrect estimation of blood flow. By utilization of the direct-fit routine, the initial estimate of the parameters or experimental noise had little influence on the blood flow determination because of iterative improvement of the parameters. In a study of isoproterenol-stimulated gastric blood flow, Zierler's algorithm underestimated the blood flow estimate. We conclude that analysis of hydrogen gas clearance curves by linear regression of log-transformed data or by Zierler's algorithm may potentially introduce errors in blood flow estimates that may be avoided by analysis with a direct-fitting, nonlinear regression algorithm.

scholarly journals Observations on the measurement of three degrees of the meridian conducted in England by Lieut.-Col. William Mudge

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 435-436
Keyword(s):  
Base Line ◽  
Linear Measure ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Opposite Result ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Linear Extent ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Parts

After tracing the history of the several measurements that have been made from time to time in different parts of the world, the author observes, that little doubt would have remained as to the earth being flattened at the poles, had not the English measurement given an opposite result; the degree at the northern extremity being found equal to 60,766 fathoms, while that at the southern appeared to be 60,884. Colonel Mudge’s estimate of the linear measure of a degree is made by dividing the number of fathoms measured in linear extent of an arc by the number of degrees and parts of a degree ascertained by observations of stars. Don Joseph Rodriguez has followed a different course. He assumes as data the linear extent of Col. Mudge’s base line, and the horizontal angles of his triangles ascertained by observation. He assumes, also, that the figure and dimensions of the earth are known, by other measurements, and thence infers what ought to have been the angles ascertained by Col. Mudge’s astronomical observations.

scholarly journals Finding common ground: A participatory approach to evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Sutherland ◽  
Barbara Klugman
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Base Line ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Background: This article describes the efforts of a group of donors and activists to collectively develop a national base line on organisations working for human rights in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) in Kenya to develop an ongoing monitoring and evaluation process.Objectives: The purpose of the base line was to support both activist strategising and ongoing reflection, and more effective donor collaboration and grant making.Method: Drawing on interviews with key stakeholders, the authors examined the dominant approach to funding and evaluation on social change globally. They analysed the impact of this dominant approach on developing and sustaining a SOGI movement in Kenya. They developed an alternative theory of change and participatory methodology and worked with a range of donors and SOGI organisations to conceptualise and support the collaborative collection of information on four themes: legislation and policy, organisational mapping, political and cultural context, and lived experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people.Results: This was a useful process and tool for activists and donors to develop a shared understanding of the current context and capacities influencing efforts to promote SOGI rights. It served as a basis for improved strategising and participants expected it to prove useful for monitoring progress in the longer term.Conclusion: This theory of change and participatory approach to base line development could be helpful to donors, activists and monitoring and evaluation specialists concerned with supporting social change in the region and globally.

scholarly journals Standards for the management of swabs, needles and instruments in the operating theatre

Curationis ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Astrop ◽  
T. Van der Merwe ◽  
M. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Operating Theatre ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Hospital Group ◽  
Phase Process

The management of swabs, needles and instruments in the operating theatre is a high-risk and problem-prone area for the operating theatre nurse. The purpose of this research is to formulate specific standards on the management of swabs, needles and instruments in the operating theatre to ensure the safety of the patient. An exploratory and descriptive research design was used and executed in 3 hospitals of a private hospital group in Gauteng. A structured two phase process was followed, ie the development phase and the validation phase. This last phase was done by means of deliberate debate. It is recommended that these standards be implemented, tested and validated on a national basis and a monitoring and evaluation system should be developed to ensure nursing compliance with these standards.

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