scholarly journals Development of Digital Scale Based on Fluxgate Sensor

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Djamal
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Maximum Absolute Error ◽  
Sensor Development ◽  
Fluxgate Sensor ◽  
Excitation Coil ◽  
The Magnetic Field

<p>Fluxgate is a magnetic sensor which works by comparing the measurement magnetic field with the magnetic field reference. This research aims to develop digital scales using fluxgate sensor. The steps involved were sensor development, characterization, distance and mass calibration of the fabricated sensor. Here, a digital scale based on fluxgate sensor with oval vitrovac 6025Z type core, 360 windings of excitation coil and 240 windings of pick up coil was successfully fabricated. Characterization result shows that the sensor has 1669.2 mV/μT sensitivity and working area of about ± 1.9 μT, with maximum absolute error found out to be around 0.0573 μT with maximum relative error is 1.464 %. Calibrated sensor value obtained reveals that the sensor works from 15.86 until 27.00 mm in distance, utilizing equation of relationship between mass and output voltage  with the maximum relative error obtained as low as 1.49 %.</p>

scholarly journals Development of Digital Scale Based on Fluxgate Sensor

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Djamal
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Maximum Absolute Error ◽  
Sensor Development ◽  
Fluxgate Sensor ◽  
Excitation Coil ◽  
The Magnetic Field

<p>Fluxgate is a magnetic sensor which works by comparing the measurement magnetic field with the magnetic field reference. This research aims to develop digital scales using fluxgate sensor. The steps involved were sensor development, characterization, distance and mass calibration of the fabricated sensor. Here, a digital scale based on fluxgate sensor with oval vitrovac 6025Z type core, 360 windings of excitation coil and 240 windings of pick up coil was successfully fabricated. Characterization result shows that the sensor has 1669.2 mV/μT sensitivity and working area of about ± 1.9 μT, with maximum absolute error found out to be around 0.0573 μT with maximum relative error is 1.464 %. Calibrated sensor value obtained reveals that the sensor works from 15.86 until 27.00 mm in distance, utilizing equation of relationship between mass and output voltage  with the maximum relative error obtained as low as 1.49 %.</p>

Fluxgate Based Detection of Magnetic Material in Soil Subsurface

2015 ◽  
Vol 771 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Widyaningrum Indrasari ◽  
Mitra Djamal ◽  
Wahyu Srigutomo ◽  
Gunawan Handayani ◽  
Nur Hadziqoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Material ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Sensor Response ◽  
Maximum Absolute Error ◽  
Fluxgate Sensor ◽  
Soil Subsurface ◽  
Soil Magnetic Susceptibility

Fluxgate sensor has high sensitivity and temperature stability, small size and low power consumption. Fluxgate sensors can often provide very useful alternative in determining the location or position of a magnetic object, where other technologies cannot be used. For example, the GPR only, does not provide maximum results when used to characterize the magnetic material in the conductive subsurface or has a high reflectivity zone, but fluxgate sensors are capable. Characterization of magnetic materials in the soil subsurface is required. It is used as a proxy to determine the content of heavy metals and pollutants in the soil. In this work, we have carried out the development of fluxgate sensors for detection of magnetic material in soil subsurface. The fluxgate element consists of two pick-up coils, four excitation coils, and the ferromagnetic core. The highest sensitivity of fluxgate sensors that have been developed is 877 mV/µT and a maximum absolute error of 0.066 mV/µT. This paper will discuss the influence of the frequency of the primary magnetic field of the solenoid on the sensor response, the influence of soil magnetic susceptibility, and the effect of the presence of magnetic material in the soil subsurface to the sensor response.

scholarly journals Reduction of Coil-Crack Angle Sensitivity Effect Using a Novel Flux Feature of ACFM Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruochen Huang ◽  
Mingyang Lu ◽  
Ziqi Chen ◽  
Wuliang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Computation Efficiency ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Excitation Coil ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Sensor Probe

Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) testing is one of promising techniques in the field of non-destructive testing with advantages of the non-contact capability and the reduction of lift-off effects. In this paper, a novel crack detection approach is proposed to reduce the effect of the angled crack (cack orientation) by using rotated ACFM techniques. The sensor probe is composed of an excitation coil and two receiving coils. Two receiving coils are orthogonally placed in the centre of the excitation coil where the magnetic field is measured. It is found that the change of the x component and the peak value of the z component of the magnetic field when the sensor probe rotates around a crack follows a sine wave shape. A customised accelerated finite element method solver programmed in MATLAB is adopted to simulate the performance of the designed sensor probe which can significantly improve the computation efficiency due to the small crack perturbation. The experiments have also been carried out to validate the simulations. It is found that the ratio between the z and x components of the magnetic field remains stable under various rotation angles. It shows the potential to estimate the depth of the crack from the ratio detected by combining the magnetic fields from both receiving coils (i.e., the x and z components of the magnetic field) using the rotated ACFM technique.

scholarly journals A Novel Breaking Strategy for Reduced Response Time of Electromagnetic Contactor by Reverse Voltage Application

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhua Fang ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Haimiao Ni ◽  
Heyun Lin ◽  
Xingang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Dramatic Reduction ◽  
Reverse Voltage ◽  
Excitation Coil ◽  
Voltage Application ◽  
Source Voltage ◽  
Drive Circuit ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This paper proposes a novel breaking strategy for dramatically shortening the response time of a single, stable electromagnetic contactor. A reverse voltage was applied across the excitation coil to increase the decay velocity of the magnetic field in the iron core, leading to a dramatic reduction of the electromagnetic force when the contactor initiated the breaking process. The applied time of the reverse voltage was determined by numerical computation of circuit, magnetic field, and forces. The polarity of source voltage was overturned by controlling switching devices in the bridge drive circuit. A co-simulation coupling magnetic field, machinery, and circuit was carried out using Maxwell and Circuit Editor software. Experimental results are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed breaking strategy for shortening the response time of an electromagnetic contactor.

scholarly journals A handy, accurate, invertible and integrable expression for Dawson’s function

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
U. Filobello-Nino ◽  
H. Vazquez-Leal ◽  
A. L. Herrera-May ◽  
R. C. Ambrosio-Lazaro ◽  
R. Castaneda-Sheissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Approximate Solution ◽  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Heat Conduction Problem ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Elementary Functions ◽  
Maximum Absolute Error ◽  
Integral Approximation ◽  
Analytical Approximate Solution

This article proposes a handy, accurate, invertible and integrable expression for Dawson’s function. It can be observed that the biggest relative error committed, employing the proposed approximation here, is about 2.5%. Therefore, it is noted that this integral approximation to Dawson’s function, expressed only in terms of elementary functions, has a maximum absolute error of just 7 × 10-3. As a case study, the integral approximation proposed here will be applied to a nonclassical heat conduction problem, contributing to obtain a handy, accurate, analytical approximate solution for that problem

Calibration Procedure for Magnetization Loop Tracers

2013 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 472-475
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Roussi ◽  
Clio G. Vossou
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Vertical Array ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Excitation Coil ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Electrical Steel Sheets ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The purpose of this paper is to calibrate the magnetic field coming out of an excitation coil of certain specifications, fabricated for non-destructing testing of electrical steel sheets. Thus, a comparison between experimental and numerical analysis is discussed. For the experimental estimation of the magnetic field, a sensitive Hall sensor is used to measure the dc field at a vertical array of three selected points inside the coil. These are the lower, the middle and the upper point of the coil cross section, respectively. The magnetic field is then computed theoretically using the finite element method and the BiotSavart law. Measured results are in agreement with the calculated results of the excitation field very well, within the limits of our experimental set-up.

Development of an Embedded High-Temperature Field Measuring Instrument

2012 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
Hai Cheng Bai ◽  
Hong Ji Meng ◽  
Zhi Xie
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Maximum Absolute Error ◽  
Communication Module ◽  
Temperature Measuring Instrument

This paper describes the development of an embedded high-temperature measuring instrument, which is composed of lens, photoelectric converter based on area-array CCD, and data acquisition, processing, Ethernet communication module based on DSP. The device is a creation of imaging spectrum, CCD imaging technology, digital image processing method and Ethernet communication together effectively. The advantages of this approach are: First, the networked measuring platform provides the possibility for process parameters optimization. Second, direct digital signal communication improves the anti-interference ability. Third, by employing 4-stage pipeline data processing mechanism greatly improves the real-time requirement. Fourth, through the constitution of application-layer protocol, the reliability of high-speed data transmission via Ethernet is guaranteed. The experiment by blackbody furnace in the laboratory shows that the maximum absolute error is 3.2 ºC, and the maximum relative error is 0.40%.

The Design of Closed-Loop Digital Fluxgate Sensor

2011 ◽  
Vol 66-68 ◽  
pp. 1012-1016
Author(s):  
Qing Hua Ji ◽  
Meng Jia
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Software Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Analog Circuit ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Fluxgate Sensor ◽  
Analog Signals ◽  
The Magnetic Field

In term of the problems that the traditional fluxgate sensors with analog circuit have low temperature adjust ability, the paper does research on closed-loop fluxgate sensors. It takes advantage of high speed AD signal collecting sensor, disposes the signals by single chip, and outputs analog signals by DA chips. It describes the hardware environment and software design, and tests the magnetic field by the new sensor. The results show that: its original temperature coefficient is 6.7×10-10/°C, sensitive temperature coefficient is 2.5×10-4/°C and its linearity comes to 5.4×10-3.

scholarly journals Reduction of Coil-Crack Angle Sensitivity Effect Using a Novel Flux Feature of ACFM Technique

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Ruochen Huang ◽  
Mingyang Lu ◽  
Ziqi Chen ◽  
Wuliang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Computation Efficiency ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Excitation Coil ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Sensor Probe

Alternating current field measurement (ACFM) testing is one of the promising techniques in the field of non-destructive testing with advantages of the non-contact capability and the reduction of lift-off effects. In this paper, a novel crack detection approach was proposed to reduce the effect of the angled crack (cack orientation) by using rotated ACFM techniques. The sensor probe is composed of an excitation coil and two receiving coils. Two receiving coils are orthogonally placed in the center of the excitation coil where the magnetic field is measured. It was found that the change of the x component and the peak value of the z component of the magnetic field when the sensor probe rotates around a crack followed a sine wave shape. A customized accelerated finite element method solver programmed in MATLAB was adopted to simulate the performance of the designed sensor probe which could significantly improve the computation efficiency due to the small crack perturbation. The experiments were also carried out to validate the simulations. It was found that the ratio between the z and x components of the magnetic field remained stable under various rotation angles. It showed the potential to estimate the depth of the crack from the ratio detected by combining the magnetic fields from both receiving coils (i.e., the x and z components of the magnetic field) using the rotated ACFM technique.

The theory of induced voltage electromagnetic flowmeters

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Bevir
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Electromagnetic Flowmeter ◽  
Weight Vector ◽  
Induced Voltage ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The performance of an electromagnetic flowmeter head is assessed in terms of a weight vector W such that the output voltage ∝ ∫ v. Wdτ, where v is the velocity and τ the flowmeter volume. The condition curl W = 0 with W → 0 at ∞ is shown to be necessary and sufficient for the velocity to depend only on the flow rate and not on the flow pattern. A class of such ‘ideal’ meters is described. It is shown that meters with point electrodes can never be ideal but may, with considerable complication of the magnetic field, be made immune to asymmetric velocity-profile variations if the flow is rectilinear.

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